Migratory Index Research Articles

MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN LYMPH NODES DURING INTRALYMPHATIC IMMUNOSTIMULATION WITH VARIOUS DRUGS IN A RAT MODEL

Using an experimental rat model, we analyzed the morphofunctional state of mesenteric lymph nodes after intralymphatic administration of various immunostimulants. Material and Methods: The effect of four drugs was studied on 100 male rats: acid peptidoglycan, azoximer bromide, hexapeptide (arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-tyrosyl-arginine) and aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium. We studied morphometrically the average size of lymph nodes, the size of germinal centers, the density of lymph nodes, and calculated the mitotic activity index and migratory activity index. Results: All experimental groups showed changes characterized by morphological restructuring of the lymph nodes, which was accompanied by an increase in their reactivity and provided an immunostimulating effect. In a dynamic study of the condition of the lymph nodes during the intralymphatic administration of various immunomodulators, it turned out that changes occur at different times. With the introduction of APG, the greatest structural changes occurred on the day 3 of the experiment. In the case of intralymphatic administration of AB, peak changes occurred on days 7-14 from the start of administration. In the third and fourth groups, using HP and ADPS, structural restructuring of the lymph nodes occurred on days 14-30. Conclusion: When extrapolating the data obtained to the clinical plane, we can conclude that intralymphatic administration of APG can be recommended in the acute period of the disease, intralymphatic administration of AB - in the case of subacute course of the disease, whereas the use of HP and ADPS will be effective during the period of convalescence.

MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN LYMPH NODES DURING INTRALYMPHATIC IMMUNOSTIMULATION WITH VARIOUS DRUGS IN A RAT MODEL

Using an experimental rat model, we analyzed the morphofunctional state of mesenteric lymph nodes after intralymphatic administration of various immunostimulants. Material and Methods: The effect of four drugs was studied on 100 male rats: acid peptidoglycan, azoximer bromide, hexapeptide (arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-tyrosyl-arginine) and aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium. We studied morphometrically the average size of lymph nodes, the size of germinal centers, the density of lymph nodes, and calculated the mitotic activity index and migratory activity index. Results: All experimental groups showed changes characterized by morphological restructuring of the lymph nodes, which was accompanied by an increase in their reactivity and provided an immunostimulating effect. In a dynamic study of the condition of the lymph nodes during the intralymphatic administration of various immunomodulators, it turned out that changes occur at different times. With the introduction of APG, the greatest structural changes occurred on the day 3 of the experiment. In the case of intralymphatic administration of AB, peak changes occurred on days 7-14 from the start of administration. In the third and fourth groups, using HP and ADPS, structural restructuring of the lymph nodes occurred on days 14-30. Conclusion: When extrapolating the data obtained to the clinical plane, we can conclude that intralymphatic administration of APG can be recommended in the acute period of the disease, intralymphatic administration of AB - in the case of subacute course of the disease, whereas the use of HP and ADPS will be effective during the period of convalescence.

Gold Nano-Bio-Interaction to Modulate Mechanobiological Responses for Cancer Therapy Applications.

In the present study, we investigate the mechanobiological responses of human lung cancer that may occur through their interactions with two different types of gold nanoparticles: nanostars and nanospheres. Hyperspectral images of nanoparticle-treated cells revealed different spatial distributions of nanoparticles in cells depending on their morphology, with nanospheres being more uniformly distributed in cells than nanostars. Gold nanospheres were also found to be more effective in mechanobiological modulations. They significantly suppressed the migratory ability of cells under different incubation times while lowering the bulk stiffness and adhesion of cells. This in vitro study suggests the potential applications of gold nanoparticles to manage cell migration. Nano-bio-interactions appeared to impact the cytoskeletal organization of cells and consequently alter the mechanical properties of cells, which could influence the cellular functions of cells. According to the results and migratory index model, it is thought that nanoparticle-treated cells experience mechanical changes in their body, which largely reduces their migratory potentials. These findings provide a better understanding of nano-bio-interaction in terms of cell mechanics and highlight the importance of mechanobiological responses in designing gold nanoparticles for cancer therapy.

Rescuing SLAMF3 Expression Restores Sorafenib Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through the Induction of Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition.

Simple SummarySorafenib is a treatment for advanced HCC which demonstrated a poor objective response rate due to important induction of resistance. We demonstrated that induction of acquired-resistance to sorafenib in Huh-7 cell line leads to the loss of SLAMF3 expression, a tumor suppressor receptor in HCC. In these cells, the sorafenib-resistant phenotype is characterized by the increase of aggressiveness and induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Acquired-resistance to sorafenib induce a multipotent mesenchymal stem cells characteristic. Interestingly, SLAMF3 overexpression reversed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and decreased metastatic potential in sorafenib-resistant cells through the control of ERK1/2 and mTOR signaling pathways. SLAMF3 seems to be a theranostics tools to the management of sorafenib treatment.Background: Acquired resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients results in poor prognosis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the major mechanism implicated in the resistance to sorafenib. We have reported the tumor suppressor role of SLAMF3 (signaling lymphocytic activation molecules family 3) in HCC progression and highlighted its implication in controlling the MRP-1 transporter activity. These data suggest the implication of SLAMF3 in sorafenib resistance mechanisms. Methods: We evaluated the resistance to sorafenib in Huh-7 cells treated with progressive doses (Res cells). We investigated the link between acquired resistance to sorafenib and SLAMF3 expression by flow cytometry and Western blot methods. Furthermore, we analyzed the EMT and the stem cell potential of cells resistant to sorafenib. Results: Sorafenib resistance was confirmed in Res cells by analyzing the cell viability in the presence of sorafenib. The mesenchymal transition, in Res cells, was confirmed by high migratory index and the expression of EMT antigens. Interestingly, we found that loss of SLAMF3 expression corresponded to sorafenib-resistant phenotypes. The overexpression of SLAMF3 reversed EMT, decreased metastatic potential and inhibited mTOR/ERK1/2 in Res cells. Conclusions: We propose that rescuing SLAMF3 expression in resistant cells could represent a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance sorafenib efficacy in HCC patients.

Melanin-based ornament darkness positively correlates with across-season nutritional condition.

Sexually dimorphic ornamental traits are widely regarded as indicators of nutritional condition. However, variation of nutritional condition outside the reproductive and the ornament production seasons has rarely been considered, although it affects the generality of information content, especially for ornaments that may be used across the year. We measured several indicators of migratory and molt condition in male and female blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) during their autumn migration, and quantified their crown reflectance. We detected robust correlations between migratory and molt condition indices, and the correlation structure was similar in the two sexes. Furthermore, the across‐season measure of body condition was positively related to the darkness of the black crown in males, while being unrelated to reflectance traits of the reddish crown in females. Our results reinforce the possibility that some melanin‐based ornaments may be year‐round indicators of individual quality via their dependence on nutritional condition.

Cancer cells optimize elasticity for efficient migration.

Cancer progression is associated with alternations in the cytoskeletal architecture of cells and, consequently, their mechanical properties such as stiffness. Changing the mechanics of cells enables cancer cells to migrate and invade to distant organ sites. This process, metastasis, is the main reason for cancer-related mortality. Cell migration is an essential step towards increasing the invasive potential of cells. Although many studies have shown that the migratory speed and the invasion of cells can be inversely correlated to the stiffness of cells, some other investigations indicate opposing results. In the current work, based on the strain energy stored in cells due to the contractile forces, we defined an energy-dependent term, migratory index, to approximate how changes in the mechanical properties of cells influence cell migration required for cancer progression. Cell migration involves both cell deformation and force transmission within cells. The effects of these two parameters can be represented equally by the migratory index. Our mechanical modelling and computational study show that cells depending on their shape, size and other physical parameters have a maximum migratory index taking place at a specific range of cell bulk elasticity, indicating the most favourable conditions for invasive mobility. This approximate model could be used to explain why the stiffness of cells varies during cancer progression. We believe that the stiffness of cancer or malignant cells depending on the stiffness of their normal or non-malignant counterparts is either decreased or increased to reach the critical condition in which the mobility potential of cells is approximated to be maximum.

Multiscale seasonal factors drive the size of winter monarch colonies

Monarch butterflies in eastern North America have declined by 84% on Mexican wintering grounds since the observed peak in 1996. However, coarse-scale population indices from northern US breeding grounds do not show a consistent downward trend. This discrepancy has led to speculation that autumn migration may be a critical limiting period. We address this hypothesis by examining the role of multiscale processes impacting monarchs during autumn, assessed using arrival abundances at all known winter colony sites over a 12-y period (2004-2015). We quantified effects of continental-scale (climate, landscape greenness, and disease) and local-scale (colony habitat quality) drivers of spatiotemporal trends in winter colony sizes. We also included effects of peak summer and migratory population indices. Our results demonstrate that higher summer abundance on northern breeding grounds led to larger winter colonies as did greener autumns, a proxy for increased nectar availability in southern US floral corridors. Colony sizes were also positively correlated with the amount of local dense forest cover and whether they were located within the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, but were not influenced by disease rates. Although we demonstrate a demographic link between summer and fine-scale winter population sizes, we also reveal that conditions experienced during, and at the culmination of, autumn migration impact annual dynamics. Monarchs face a growing threat if floral resources and winter habitat availability diminish under climate change. Our study tackles a long-standing gap in the monarch's annual cycle and highlights the importance of evaluating migratory conditions to understand mechanisms governing long-term population trends.

A high migratory capacity of donor T-cells in response to the lymph node homing receptor CCR7 increases the incidence and severity of GvHD.

The pathogenesis of GvHD involves migration of donor T-cells into the secondary lymphoid organs in the recipient, which is steered by two homing molecules, CD62L and CCR7. Therefore, we investigated whether the migratory capacity of donor T-cells is associated with GvHD. This single center prospective study included 85 donor-recipient pairs. In vitro chemotaxis assays of the lymphocytes of the apheresis product were performed in parallel to the analysis of CD62L and CCR7 by flow cytometry. The migratory index to the CCR7 ligands, CCL19 and CCL21, was higher in T-cells from donors whose recipients will develop GvHD. Similarly, the acute GvHD (aGvHD) group received higher percentage of CD4+CCR7+ T-cells, whereas chronic GvHD (cGvHD) patients were transplanted with higher percentages of CD8+CCR7+ T-cells compared with the non-GvHD group. These results were confirmed when patients were subdivided according to degrees of severity. Further, multivariate analysis confirmed that the proportions of CCR7+ CD4+ and CCR7+ CD8+ T-cells are risk factors for the development and severity of aGvHD and cGvHD, respectively. Functional experiments demonstrated that CCR7+ T-cells exhibited higher potential for activation than CCR7- T-cells did. We therefore propose that the selective depletion of CCR7-expressing T-cells may be an effective preventive therapy for GvHD.

Count trends for migratory Bald Eagles reveal differences between two populations at a spring site along the Lake Ontario shoreline.

The recovery of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucophalus), after DDT and other organochlorine insecticides were banned in the United States, can be regarded as one of the most iconic success stories resulting from the Endangered Species Act. Interest remains high in the recovery and growth of the Bald Eagle population. Common to evaluating growth and recovery rates are counts at nesting sites and analyses of individuals fledged per season. But this is merely one snapshot that ignores survival rates as eagles grow to maturity. By analyzing indices from migration counts, we get a different snapshot better reflecting the survival of young birds. Different populations of Bald Eagles breed at different sites at different times of the year. Typical migration count analyses do not separate the populations. A separation of two distinct populations can be achieved at spring count sites by taking advantage of the tendency for northern summer breeding birds to migrate north in spring earlier than southern winter breeding birds who disperse north later in spring. In this paper I analyze migratory indices at a spring site along Lake Ontario. The analysis shows that eagles considered to be primarily of the northern summer breeding population showed an estimated growth rate of 5.3 ± 0.85% (SE) per year with 49% of eagles tallied in adult plumage, whereas the migrants considered to be primarily of the southern breeding population had an estimated growth rate of 14.0 ± 1.79% with only 22% in adult plumage. Together these results argue that the populations of southern breeding Bald Eagles are growing at a substantially higher rate than northern breeding eagles. These findings suggest that aggregate population indices for a species at migration counting sites can sometimes obscure important differences among separate populations at any given site and that separating counts by time period can be a useful way to check for differences among sub-populations.

The microtubule binding drug EM011 inhibits the growth of paediatric low grade gliomas

Low grade gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumours representing the most common form of neoplasms in the central nervous system among children. Although gross total resection remains the principal treatment, it is often impractical especially for the resection of tumours within eloquent regions of the brain. Instead Radiotherapy is utilised in such cases, but because of its associated toxicities, it is refrained from use among younger children. These limitations coupled with hypersensitivity and toxicities associated with some commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, have ignited the need to search for safer and more effective treatments for paediatric low grade gliomas. In this study, we investigated the EM011 drug on the growth of two pilocytic and one diffuse paediatric astrocytoma cell lines, using an assortment of cancer assays. We discovered that treatments of low grade gliomas with EM011 abrogated cell viability by inducing a decrease in cell proliferation and an arrest in the S and G2M cell cycle phases, followed by a converse increase in apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner. The cell migratory and invasion indices, as well as anchorage independent growth in soft agarose, were significantly attenuated. These findings were mechanistically associated with a transient release of AIF, a disruption of microtubule architecture, and a decline in the expression of key genes which drive cancer progression including EGFR, mTORC1, JUN and multiple MMPs. In fact, the activity of MMP2 was also perturbed by EM011. These findings, in conjunction with the insignificant adverse side effects established from other studies, make EM011 an appealing chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of paediatric low grade gliomas.

Abstract 3361: Sensitization of chemoresistant H1650 lung cancer stem cells to chemotherapy by combination treatment with novel diindolylmethane compounds

Abstract Introduction Effective cancer therapy is hampered by the development of multidrug resistance by most cancer types. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) which are Side Population (SP) cells from tumors are attributed to the drug resistance phenotype. Efficient therapies for the successful eradication of tumor would have to employ agent(s) capable of inhibiting the self-renewal pathways and blocking or avoiding the drug-efflux property of these CSCs. Experimental Procedures Cell culture: The H1650 mixed population cells were maintained in DMEM:F12 (50:50) containing 2% PSN and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the presence of 5% CO2 at 37[[Unsupported Character - ⁰]]C. The H1650 SP cells were cultured in DMEM:F12 (50:50) containing, 1x Nitrogen supplement, 10 µg/mL each of bFGF and EGF. In vitro cytotoxicity studies: The crystal violet dye assay was used to determine the viability of both cell types 72 hours after treatment with test compounds. Cell invasion assay: The invasion of cells through a basement membrane matrix was assessed using the Cultrex 96-well collagen I cell invasion assay from Trevigen according to manufacturer's protocol. Cell migration assay: Migration of cells was determined using the wound healing assay before and after 24 hours of incubation post-treatment. Results The H1650 mixed population cells produced IC50 values of 11.03 µM, 2.68 µM, 8.70 µM, 2.63 µM, 6.48 µM, 5.06 µM, and 6.82 µM after treatment with Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, Doxorubicin, Fluorouracil, Camptothecin, DIM-5 and DIM-8, respectively. Significantly higher IC50 values were observed after similar treatments with Cisplatin (142.01 µM), Gemcitabine (42.68 µM), Doxorubicin (133.76 µM), Fluorouracil (81.01 µM), Camptothecin (48.51 µM), DIM-5 (15.67 µM) and DIM-8(19.69 µM). The invasiveness of the side population cells was seen to be generally diminished following treatment with 25 µM of test compound with percentage invasion ranging between 13.07% and 66.63% and a mean invasion of 37.92%. Further, the side population cells exhibited a much greater migratory index relative to the mixed population cells. Conclusions The resistance of the H1650 stem cells to chemotherapy is evident from the comparatively high IC50 values.; the exception being DIM-5 and DIM-8 exhibiting about 2 to 7 times more anticancer effect. These two agents act on the TR3/Nur77 nuclear receptor as activators and deactivators of the receptor, respectively, with resultant apoptotic events occurring downstream. With such demonstrable anticancer activities, the DIM compound may be potentially useful in sensitizing H1650 stem cells to chemotherapy when given in combination. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3361. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3361

1A2-J05 がれき内部空間の構造化と救助機器の移動性評価に関する研究 : 移動困難性指標に基づく到達可能領域の評価(サーチ&レスキューロボット・メカトロニクス)

In order to develop available rescue devices, it is necessary to make them run in various types of rubble and evaluate their mobility statistically. However, the evaluation under collapsed houses in real world is not enough. Therefore, our research group has enabled to create a lot of piles of virtual rubble model by physical simulation and to get their quantitative characters by methods based on geometric models. This study has established a method to structure internal working space for rescue devices as a path network. In addition, this study suggests a method to evaluate largeness of inside space through which rescue devices can access from outside space of rubble with Gareki-space Migratory Difficulty Index.

Migração: Diferenciais Por Renda E Políticas Públicas De Transferência De Renda

Faced with the growing importance that income transfer programs have been showing in the last years, it’s up to ask. Have they been generating influence in non-targeted areas? Assuming that migratory fluxes differentiate form each other according to the economic and social reality and that because of regional inequality people moves in search of better living conditions, it makes sense to think that these programs that intend to improve population’s living conditions and as a consequence ease such inequalities, may be influencing migration? Thus, this text will search for evidence that income transfer programs may have been influencing in the migratory dynamics. Through descriptive analysis it was evaluated the importance of income programs to the economy, the Migratory Effectiveness Index - MEI (Indice de Eficacia Migratoria – IEM) according to population size and household per capita income layer and at last, it was also analyzed the weight in household income transfers according to the migratory status of the head of the house. For such study it was elected the study case of the estate of Bahia.

Effect of age and hypoxia on TGFbeta1 receptor expression and signal transduction in human dermal fibroblasts: impact on cell migration.

Wound healing is critically affected by age, ischemia, and growth factors such as TGFbeta1. The combined effect of these factors on fibroblast migration, an essential component of wound healing, is poorly understood. To address this deficiency, we examined expression of TGFbeta receptor type I and II (TGFbetaRI and RII) under normoxia or hypoxia (1% O(2)) in cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from young (ages 24-33) and aged (ages 61-73) adults. TGFbetaRI and RII expression was similar in both groups under normoxia. Hypoxia did not alter receptor levels in young HDFs but significantly decreased TGFbetaRI in aged cells (12 and 43%, respectively). Additionally, young cells displayed a 50% increase in activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated kinase by TGFbeta1 (2-200 pg/ml) under hypoxia while aged cell levels of active p42/p44 decreased up to 24%. To determine functional outcomes of these findings, we measured the migratory capacity of the cells on type I collagen using a gold salt migration assay. Hypoxia increased the migratory index (MI) of young HDFs over normoxia by 30% but had no effect on aged cells. Under normoxia, TGFbeta1 (1-1000 pg/ml) increased young HDF migration in a concentration-dependent manner up to 109% over controls but minimally increased aged HDF migration (37%). Under hypoxia, TGFbeta1 significantly increased young cell MI at all concentrations but was without effect on the aged HDF response. These data demonstrate that aged fibroblasts have an impaired migratory capacity with complete loss of responsiveness to hypoxia and deficits in the migratory and signal transduction responsiveness to TGFbeta1 that may partly explain diminished healing capabilities often observed in aged patients.

In vitro migration of mononuclear cells towards synovial fluid and plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients correlates to RANTES synovial fluid levels and to clinical pain parameters

Objective: To evaluate in vitro migration of mononuclear cells towards synovial fluid (SF) and plasma in relation to RANTES synovial fluid levels and clinical disease activity. Methods: 31 RA patients with synovitis in one knee were included. Modified Boyden chamber technique was used to determine a migratory index defined as: 'In vitro migrating cells towards SF' divided by 'In vitro migrating cells towards plasma'. RANTES was quantified by ELISA. Disease activity was assessed by the swollen joint count, the Ritchie articular index (RAI), global assessment, pain on VAS, HAQ, ESR and CRP. Results: A positive significant correlation was found between the migratory index and the RANTES levels in SF (r=0.48, p=0.006), the RAI (r=0.56, p=0.0001) and pain on VAS (r=0.43, p=0.04). The in vitro migration could be inhibited in 3 of 4 SF samples by neutralising antibodies towards RANTES (12-18%). Conclusion: The migratory index correlate to SF levels of RANTES and parameters for joint pain.

CD19-SELECTED B LYMPHOCYTES SYNTHESIZE, SECRETE AND MIGRATE IN THE PRESENCE OF IL-8. TNF-α AND γIP-10 ARE ALSO B LYMPHOCYTE MIGRATORY FACTORS

B lymphocytes are responsible for antigen uptake and presentation, as well as antibody production. These reactions require close cell-to-cell contact between B lymphocytes and monocytes. In this study we demonstrate that interleukin 8 (IL-8), γ-immune protein 10 (γIP-10) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) all induce a significant chemokinetic response of human B lymphocytes. Among the cytokines tested, rIL-8 was the strongest B lymphocyte migratory factor with a migratory index (MI) of 2.03±0.32, (P<0.002), followed by rTNF-α (MI=1.89±0.17,P<0.001) and rγIP-10 (MI=1.63±0.17,P<0.001). We did not observe B lymphocyte migration towards rIL-1α, rIL-2, rIL-4, rIL-10, interferon γ (rINF-γ) or transforming growth factor β (rTGF-β). Furthermore, we report that human B lymphocytes have a constitutive IL-8 mRNA expression and protein secretion in vitro. Resting as well as stimulated B lymphocytes secrete on average 1.5 ng IL-8/ml medium/24 h (2×106B lymphocytes). Our data indicate a possible mechanism by which B lymphocytes make contact with other cells, during immuno-inflammatory processes.

Determining the migratory activity index for a river: An example from the Brazos River, Texas

Determining the migratory activity index for a river: An example from the Brazos River, Texas

A suspended migration of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae on the west coast of South Africa

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 118:1-12 (1995) - doi:10.3354/meps118001 A suspended migration of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae on the west coast of South Africa Best, P. B., Sekiguchi, K., Findlay, K. P. Between 5 October and 19 November 1993, 62 sightings of 155 humpback whales were made from the lighthouse at Cape Columbine, South Africa, in 3 episodes about 9 d apart. For 59 groups tracked by theodolite, the average distance offshore peaked at 2 to 2.5 km. Independent information on offshore distribution was obtained from 1112 km searched by a ski-boat in the vicinity of Cape Columbine, from which the proportions of humpback whale groups in 2 strata (0 to 5 and >5 km) from the shore as seen from the lighthouse did not differ from those expected from the boat data. Net directions of movement for 51 groups were distributed equally to all 4 quadrants of the compass, and those groups showing a concerted directionality of movement were headed equally to the north and to the south. Of the same 51 groups, 70% travelled at net speeds of less than 1.5 km h-1. Migratory indices for individual groups (average speed/net speed) ranged as high as 82, and those with the lowest indices (corresponding to those most likely to be migrating) were distributed equally between northerly and southerly directions. Individual identification photographs taken of 27 humpback whales over 20 d revealed only 10 individuals, 5 of which were resighted on more than 1 occasion and up to 20 d apart. Apparent feeding behaviour by humpback whales was seen on 10 occasions over 38 d, and the production of reddish particulate faeces indicative of recent feeding was seen on 7 occasions, at a defecation rate of 0.22 whale-1 h-1. Faecal samples collected contained euphausiid remains (possibly Euphausia lucens) on 2 occasions and amphipods on another. Overall the data indicated that the southward migration of humpback whales expected at this time of year on the west coast of South Africa had been suspended, probably in response to locally abundant prey. Humpback whale . Migration . Feeding . South Africa Full text in pdf format NextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 118. Publication date: March 09, 1995 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 1995 Inter-Research.

Differences between FMLP, TNFα and GM-CSF in the kinetics of the stimulus-induced adherence promotion of human neutrophilic granulocytes: [formula omitted] Experimental Dermatology, University of Freiburg, D-7800 Freiburg FRG

B lymphocytes are responsible for antigen uptake and presentation, as well as antibody production. These reactions require close cell-to-cell contact between B lymphocytes and monocytes. In this study we demonstrate that interleukin 8 (IL-8), γ-immune protein 10 (γIP-10) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) all induce a significant chemokinetic response of human B lymphocytes. Among the cytokines tested, rIL-8 was the strongest B lymphocyte migratory factor with a migratory index (MI) of 2.03±0.32, (P<0.002), followed by rTNF-α (MI=1.89±0.17,P<0.001) and rγIP-10 (MI=1.63±0.17,P<0.001). We did not observe B lymphocyte migration towards rIL-1α, rIL-2, rIL-4, rIL-10, interferon γ (rINF-γ) or transforming growth factor β (rTGF-β). Furthermore, we report that human B lymphocytes have a constitutive IL-8 mRNA expression and protein secretion in vitro. Resting as well as stimulated B lymphocytes secrete on average 1.5 ng IL-8/ml medium/24 h (2×106B lymphocytes). Our data indicate a possible mechanism by which B lymphocytes make contact with other cells, during immuno-inflammatory processes.

Blood vessels in human immunodeficiency virus‐related lymphadenopathy: high endothelial venules and lymphocyte migration

The vasculature of 25 lymph nodes of patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphadenopathy was investigated morphometrically. The number of small vessels, the morphological features of high endothelial venules and the migratory index of the lymphocytes passing through the high endothelial venules, as well as the stage-dependent change of each parameter, were analysed. Twenty reactive lymph nodes served as controls. The total number of vessels in the HIV-infected lymph nodes was relatively stable. However, the small vessels with flat endothelium increased in number, while the number of high endothelial venules decreased as the disorder progressed, and the decrease in the lymphocyte migration seemed to precede the change in the morphology of high endothelial venules. The presumptive role of these alterations in the pathogenesis of the investigated disorder is emphasized.