Population Growth Migration Research Articles

Relationship Between the Living Standards and the Birth Rate of the Population in Russian Regions

The assessment of the competitiveness of the development of countries and regions in the 21st century is measured by how dignified, safe and comfortable the population of the country lives. Russia is no exception, therefore, it faces strategically important tasks of achieving the highest level and quality of life for people in order to save people, increase life expectancy, and ensure natural and migration population growth. The article reveals the theoretical and practical aspects of the modern understanding of the category «standard of living», the relationship of this category with the category «quality of life», on this basis, statistical indicators of the economic well-being of the population of Russian regions, especially the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, are analyzed. The results of the analysis are supplemented by data from public opinion polls on the standard of living and incomes of the population in the country for the period 2022-2023. residents of the country and the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The hypothesis posed about the relationship between the standard of living and the birth rate of the population in the regions of Russia is also confirmed by the methods of mathematical modeling. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) for the purposes of scientific analysis and development of relevant scenario forecasts for the development of economic and demographic and reverse demographic and economic processes, a systematic approach based on a complex combination of objective (quantitative) data and subjective (qualitative) assessments should be applied; 2) large-scale studies of public opinion, comparison of ratings and economic and mathematical modeling show an unambiguous relationship between the income level of the population of Russian regions and the birth rate in these regions. The limitation of these conclusions is the national regions of Russia, in which the birth rate is determined to a large extent by the preserved customs of a large family and traditional family values. This allows us to conclude that the strengthening of the institution of the family, the development of the spiritual values of the population, coupled with an increase in the standard of living, is the only possible scenario for saving Russia’s people.

Demographic processes in the Baltic macro-region (1990-2022)

The article discusses the features and factors of the dynamics and territorial differentiation of the demographic development of the population of the Baltic macroregion in 1990 - 2022. Study have indicated, although the population of the macroregion is growing, and most of the countries located here have a migration population growth, the demographic situation cannot be considered to be satisfactory in any of its parts. Depopulation has been taking place everywhere for a long time, and there are no serious grounds for expecting, even in a fairly distant future, not only an expanded, but also a simple reproduction of the population. The population of the Baltic countries decreased catastrophically in 1990-2022. There are also territories in the Nordic countries, the Baltic regions of Germany and Poland, losing population and characterized by an intensive redistribution of residents from villages to cities, which is typical at the micro level for Russian regions as well. In the countries with a traditional market economy, characterized by a high migration influx from Asia and Africa, there are acute problems of migrant integration and / or the development of multiculturalism. At the initiative of Western partners, the cross-border mobility of the population and any (including educational and scientific ties) between the EU countries and Russia are limited. On the basis of the latest published statistical data, the listed and other problems of population dynamics in the macroregion are analyzed, its parts are typified according to the predominance of certain features of the natural and migration movement of the population, the existing and predicted demographic problems are assessed, particular attention is drawn to the need for their speedy solution.

The third demographic transition and migration in the regions of Belarus

The article examines the dynamics of population in the regions of Belarus, focusing on the influence of natural and migration population growth during the third demographic transition. The article provides a typology of the country’s regions based on some key factors determining the population dynamics. It is concluded that migration processes exert the most significant impact on the population dynamics of most regions in modern Belarus, signifying the occurrence of the third demographic transition in this country. Interestingly, internal migration processes are identified as the primary driver, rather than external factors. The study emphasizes the importance of examining the migration processes at the regional level for optimizing regional policy.

Агломерации Ставропольского края: сравнение пространственной и демографической динамики

Introduction. Two agglomeration-type settlement systems have formed in the Stavropol Krai, – the monocentric Stavropol agglomeration and the polycentric agglomeration of the Caucasian Mineral Waters (the CMW). At the present stage, demographic processes in the Stavropol Krai most intensively occur within the “borders” of the represented agglomerations; migration processes are observed leading to the population being drawn into the centers of agglomerations, which increases their role in the settlement system. The purpose of this study is to compare the spatial and demographic dynamics of agglomerations in the Stavropol Krai, highlighting common features in demographic processes and features characteristic of each agglomeration. Materials and research methods. The work uses data from the Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Stavropol Territory (from 2012 to 2021), population census materials (1989, 2002, 2010, 2021), documents from territorial planning and urban planning, our own observations and field results territory research. Based on these data, a general description of the Stavropol agglomeration and the CMW agglomeration is given, spatial organization of settlement is analyzed, and current trends in its demographic development are determined. Research results and their discussion. In the course of the study, the authors analyze the birth rate, mortality, natural population growth, migration processes, population dynamics, and the ethnic composition of the population of each agglomeration of the Stavropol Territory. The analysis was carried out at the level of cities, urban and municipal districts, which makes it possible to assess intra-agglomeration processes, whether they are uniform for the entire agglomeration or have spatial patterns. Conclusions. The analysis of demographic dynamics of two agglomerations of the Stavropol Krai allows the authors to draw conclusions. The Stavropol agglomeration and the agglomeration of the Caucasian Mineral Waters act as centers of concentration of the urban population in the Stavropol region and are the main areas of attraction for migrants. Agglomerations are characterized by increasing numbers and natural population growth. Migration population growth, which is currently declining, has contributed to an increase in population throughout the post-Soviet period. Currently, agglomerations have concentrated the significant demographic potential of the Stavropol region.

Этнодемографическая характеристика населения Чукотки

The article presents an ethno-demographic characteristic of the population of Chukotka from the 18th century to the present. Until now. The source base of the study is statistical materials, published documents concerning the number and characteristics of settlement, the way of life of the indigenous people of Chukotka, scientific literature on the problems of ethnic demography. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the results of surveys and censuses of the population of Chukotka for 1897, 1926/27, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 2002, 2010 (and partly 2020) The main components of the change in the population and the national composition of the region (natural, general, migration population growth) in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods are characterized. According to the data of the 2002 and 2010 censuses, the number of Chukchi, Koryaks, and Yukagirs increased during the intercensal period; the number of Eskimos, Evens, Chuvans and Kereks decreased. The ambiguous demographic picture among indigenous peoples is connected, on the one hand, with the real processes of depopulation in some of them, and, on the other hand, with the qualitative side of the census. The main reasons for the decline in the number of indigenous people of Chukotka: problems with natural growth against the background of high birth and death rates. The decline in the birth rate is associated with a change in traditional attitudes towards having many children, a decrease in marriage rates and an increase in the proportion of single-parent families. Although the Chukchi, Eskimos, Evens and Yukagirs are classified by demographers as a group with an increased birth rate. The demographic situation is also influenced by the increase in the number of mixed marriages. It should be noted that despite the decline in the birth rate among the indigenous inhabitants of Chukotka, its rates are still higher than among the visiting population of the region. The increase in mortality rates in Chukotka is due to a change in the age structure of the inhabitants, since in the 1990s a significant part of the able-bodied population left the district, the growth in the share of indigenous people in the structure of total mortality increased. The life expectancy of indigenous peoples is significantly lower than the national and regional indicators. The current ethno-demographic situation in Chukotka will become clear after the publication of the results of the 2020 All-Russian Population Census. It can be stated with confidence that there is a significant decrease in the number of permanent residents of the region, and the number of indigenous people in the total population of the ChAO continues to increase.

ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ ПО УРОВНЮ ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В РЕГИОНАХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА

The article provides a comparative analysis of the demographic situation in the regions of the Central Federal District on the basis of indicators such as the dynamics of the average annual population size and density, fertility and mortality rates, indicators of natural and migration population growth.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МИГРАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В СЕЛЬСКОЙ МЕСТНОСТИ ДЕПРЕССИВНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ

When solving the problems of sustainable development of rural areas, it is necessary to use their existing natural resource potential, regardless of the degree of territorial concentration of the rural population. Meanwhile, the rate of population decline and migration outflow from rural areas are the most important indicators of depression. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the territorial features of migration processes in the North-West of the country, where the processes of reducing the number of rural residents are characterized by a relatively greater intensity. The research was carried out on the example of the western group of regions of the North-Western Federal District: Leningrad, Pskov and Novgorod, with a historically established unified system of mutual inflow and outflow of rural population. Economic and statistical research methods and methodological approaches and criteria, according to the Eurostat methodology, were used, including the typology of municipal districts according to the "village-city" criterion, the calculation of changes in the total population, the load factor of the working-age population by pensioners, the ranking of the regions of the Northwestern Federal District by density and number of rural population in 2014 and 2019. All regions of the North-West were grouped into four groups, depending on the coefficient of migration growth of the rural population per 1000 rural residents. The example of the Pskov region shows the intraregional differentiation of municipal districts by the size of the migration population growth in rural settlements in 2012-2019. On this basis, areas with positive total growth, average and maximum growth were identified. Taking into account the totality of the selected demographic indicators, the types and subtypes of the municipal districts of the Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov regions are determined. In the context of each type of "city-village" districts, their subtypes were additionally distinguished by a combination of classes, depending on the rate of population decline and the degree of burden of able-bodied pensioners. This allowed us to identify territories with a more optimal combination of these indicators, as well as areas with their critical level. It is concluded that regular monitoring of the scale and direction of migration flows is especially necessary for the territories belonging to the depressive ones.

Analisa Ketimpangan Pembangunan Ekonomi Pada Setiap Sektor Kecamatan Di Kabupaten Cilacap Tahun 2013-2018

The research aims to: 1) Be able to know about the development of economic development in each sub-sector starting from 2013 to 2018. 2) Can know the role of the component influence on regional share growth towards the imbalance of economic development in each sub-sector of the district 3) Can know the role of the component influence on proportional shift growth towards the imbalance of economic development in each sector of the sub-district. 4) Can know the role of component influence on the competitive shift growth in economic development imbalances in each sector of the sub-district. 5) Can know the role of the influence of the number of population with the level of education of High School and Higher Education towards the imbalance of economic development in each sector of the sub-district. 6) Can know the effect of the total number of poor families on the imbalance of economic development in each sector of the sub-district. 7) Can know the effect of migration population growth on the imbalance of economic development in each sector of the sub-district.This research is also a descriptive and quantitative study. The data used in this study were secondary data types from 24 sub-districts in Cilacap Kabupaten taken in 2013-2018. The analysis technique that I use for the descriptive analysis method is using the Klassen Tipology matrix, while the quantitative analysis technique that I use to process panel data regression analysis is the Fixed Effect model.The results of this study can show that: 1) Based on Klassen's Tipology, not all sub-districts can experience positive development of economic development, because there are ten sub-districts that have declined to become negative fluctuating regions and have declined to relatively lagging regions. 2) Analysis using panel data regression can show regional share growth component variables that are not included or omitted from a model. 3) Component variable proportional shift growth does not only significantly influence the imbalance of economic development in the sub-district sector. 4) Variable components of competitive shift growth are seen to have a significant and positive effect on the inequality of economic development in the sub-district sector. 5) Variable number of population with the level of education of senior secondary and tertiary education has a significant and positive effect on the imbalance of economic development in the sub-district sector. 6) Variables of the number of poor families can have a significant and negative effect on the imbalance of economic development in the sub-district sector. 7) Variable migration population growth does not significantly influence the imbalance of economic development in the sub-district sector.

Backlash: A Biologist Looks at Problems of Population and the Environment.

A biologist has written a commentary on human problems and how they affect the environment and human survivability. The first 4 chapters address population dynamics specifically rapid population growth migration life expectancy age and sex distribution of various populations at different times birth rate death rate natural increase fertility rate and generation time. The next 6 chapters examine facts that affect population size: water food and famine; malnutrition; communicable diseases including AIDS; occupations hazards chronic diseases and diseases caused by environment contaminants; massacre and war; and natural disasters. The next 3 chapters discuss the human life style the laws and mores of marriage and infertility. The chapter on marriage addresses age at 1st marriage consanguinity restrictions on intercourse (e.g. in England it is illegal for a man to have intercourse with a girl under 16 years old) childbirth practices sex preferences and the decline of marriage. Growth in population technology has resulted in crowding reduced size of the wildlife population and destruction of wildlife habitat soil degradation deforestation and depletion of georesources (coal oil natural gas minerals and precious metals). Advanced in human civilization have resulted in grave repercussions. Sewage domestic solid waste and industrial and hazardous waste produced by ever increasing human numbers and technology violate the planet. The author dedicates a whole chapter to the harmful aspects of agricultural chemicals: biocides fertilizers and growth hormones. He uses the term biocides rather than pesticides because their destructive action is not limited to pests. The chapter on air pollution addresses noxious gases the greenhouse effect decline of the ozone layer smog and fog and acid rain. The last chapter discusses man-made disasters including environmental revolts (e.g. collapse of a dam) chemical plant hazards and nuclear power plant disasters.