Migration Policies Of Countries Research Articles

A criminalização da imigração irregular e a violação sistemática de Direitos Humanos: a desumanização do imigrante e a institucionalização de um modelo de Direito Penal do autor

The expansion of Criminal Law in the contemporary society, resulting from its consideration as preciput instrument of social control in the face of the risks that this society presents, does not match the characteristic Punitive Law model of Democratic States of Law. This expansion stems from the diffusion of social discourse of fear and insecurity that are widely leveraged and manifested by the media and, where appropriate by politics, produce measures advocating selective segregation of groups considered as producers of risk, such as immigrants undocumented invariably related to increased crime and insecurity in the countries of destination. These measures represent the institutionalization of a state of exception for dealing with issues related to migration policies in countries where this phenomenon is more intense, as is the case of some central European Union countries, which have been converting the otherness of irregular immigrants in principle of risk, establishing thus a etiquetamendo (not citizens) of those individuals, recommending the use of a new penalty (Criminal Law of the author) that by criminalizing them, puts them in an extremely vulnerable situation. In this sense, this study seeks to analyze the institutionalization of this new Criminal Law model, based on exclusionary, repressive and segregationist measures which fall the actual realization of human rights, to confront the fundamental rights and guarantees of undocumented migrants, to transform them into mere objects of punishment.

What explains differences in countries’ migration policies?

The aim of this paper is to analyse the reasons for differences in national migration policies. European societies are struggling with the problem of how to best include the immigrants in their social structures. Although national migration policies in Europe have developed some common elements in recent years the contents and structure of national programmes vary widely in terms of their scope, goals, target groups and the institutional actors involved. The main question of the paper is “What explains the different migration policies of countries?” To answer the question, after mentioning the current differences within the European Union in terms of their migration policies, the paper will take Germany and France as examples which demonstrate sharply different cases of immigrant integration policies in the public course.

International migration, the economic crisis and the state: An analysis of Mediterranean migration to Western Europe

An analysis of labor migration from Mediterranean countries to Western Europe is presented. Attention is paid to the influence of the economic crises of the 1970s on this migration and to the impact of migration policies in countries of immigration with particular reference to the success of these policies in promoting return migration. The data concern the migration of Spaniards Yugoslavs Italians Turks and Moroccans to the Netherlands the Federal Republic of Germany and Switzerland. The authors note a substantial decline in labor migration after the oil crisis of 1973-1974 but a continuing migration of dependents up to 1980. Return migration which was substantial has declined as immigration has declined; the potential for further migration despite the increasing pressures for it in host countries is practically zero.