Migration Of Primordial Cells Research Articles

Antenatal teratoma sacrococcygeal in a three month old children in Indonesia: a rare case report

Sacrococcygeal teratoma is a type of germinal cell tumor in children, usually observed in the prenatal or antenatal phases. In either phase, sacrococcygeal teratoma may cause complications that lead to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. A proper screening and management for sacrococcygeal in children are mandatory for the best outcome. Currently, surgical resection is the most promising treatment to manage antenatal sacrococcygeal teratoma in children. Three-month-old female children were brought to the hospital with a growing 8.4 cm mass since birth in her groin. The mass was painless and soft in consistency. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a dominant solid lesion accompanied by multiloculated fluid density arising from right gluteal muscle. The patient planned for surgical excision. Hyperkalemia was observed prior to the operation; hence an appropriate correction was needed before surgery. Germ cell tumors, though uncommon, may develop beyond the gonadal region, such as in the brain, neck, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum. In neonates and fetuses, these tumors frequently originate in the sacrococcygeal area, possibly resulting from the migration of primordial cells and the proliferation of totipotent stem cells in that region. Optimal disease burden outcomes for sacrococcygeal teratoma are often achieved through surgical resection. Sacrococcygeal teratoma, although rare, might possess a mortal threat to patient, hence proper diagnosis and treatment must be done to ensure the best clinical outcome.

PS Integrins and Laminins: Key Regulators of Cell Migration during Drosophila Embryogenesis

During embryonic development, there are numerous cases where organ or tissue formation depends upon the migration of primordial cells. In the Drosophila embryo, the visceral mesoderm (vm) acts as a substrate for the migration of several cell populations of epithelial origin, including the endoderm, the trachea and the salivary glands. These migratory processes require both integrins and laminins. The current model is that αPS1βPS (PS1) and/or αPS3βPS (PS3) integrins are required in migrating cells, whereas αPS2βPS (PS2) integrin is required in the vm, where it performs an as yet unidentified function. Here, we show that PS1 integrins are also required for the migration over the vm of cells of mesodermal origin, the caudal visceral mesoderm (CVM). These results support a model in which PS1 might have evolved to acquire the migratory function of integrins, irrespective of the origin of the tissue. This integrin function is highly specific and its specificity resides mainly in the extracellular domain. In addition, we have identified the Laminin α1,2 trimer, as the key extracellular matrix (ECM) component regulating CVM migration. Furthermore, we show that, as it is the case in vertebrates, integrins, and specifically PS2, contributes to CVM movement by participating in the correct assembly of the ECM that serves as tracks for migration.

Deficiency screen identifies a novel role for beta 2 tubulin in salivary gland and myoblast migration in the Drosophila embryo.

The Drosophila embryonic salivary gland is an epithelial organ formed by the coordinated invagination and migration of primordial cells. To identify genes that regulate gland migration we performed a deficiency screen of the third chromosome. Here, we report on the analysis of the beta 2 tubulin isoform (beta2t) that maps at 85D15. We show that, in beta2t mutant embryos, salivary glands did not complete their posterior migration and that migration of fusion competent myoblasts and longitudinal visceral muscle founder cells between the gland and circular visceral mesoderm was delayed. We also demonstrate that gland migration defects correlate with reduced betaPS and alphaPS2 integrin expression in the surrounding mesoderm and that beta2t genetically interacts with genes encoding integrin alphaPS1 and alphaPS2 subunits. Our studies reveal for the first time that beta2t is expressed in embryogenesis and that beta2t plays an important role in salivary gland and myoblast migration, possibly through proper regulation of integrin adhesion proteins.

Gastrointestinal development in the Drosophila embryo requires the activity of innexin gap junction channel proteins.

Cell to cell communication plays an essential role during pattern formation and morphogenesis of the diverse tissues and organs of the body. In invertebrates, such as the fruitfly Drosophila, the direct communication of closely apposed cells is mediated by gap junctions which are composed of oligomers of the innexin family of transmembrane channel proteins. Few data exist about the developmental role of the eight innexin genes which have been found in the Drosophila genome. We have investigated the role of the innexin 2 and ogre genes during gastrointestinal development of the fly embryo. Our findings suggest that innexins are involved in the formation of the proventriculus, an organ that develops at the foregut/midgut boundary by migration of primordial cells and subsequent infolding of epithelial tissue layers.