Migrant People Research Articles

Information on HIV and Narration of U=U: a mixed method analysis on social media in Italy

Abstract Background Media play a pivotal role in disseminating accurate information, particularly regarding U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable), to increase awareness and reduce stigma. This study analyses HIV Italian communication on Facebook and Instagram, with a focus on U=U evidence. Methods A mixed-method analysis examined posts on HIV, with linked articles, from Italian news sources from 01/2009 to 04/2023. News sources were categorised as “reliable” or “unreliable” using independent third-party classification. Topic analysis identified the main topics in the posts, while an inductive content analysis was conducted on linked articles regarding U=U. The language and the accuracy in explaining U=U was evaluated through a checklist. Results A total of 10,539 Facebook and 749 Instagram posts were analysed, with 716(7%) and 18(2%) from unreliable sources respectively. Reliable and unreliable content surged around World AIDS Day(WAD) on both platforms. On Facebook, the frequency of unreliable content increased over time, whereas on Instagram it was rare and recent. On Facebook, topics varied between reliable and unreliable sources. The 3 most frequent topics from reliable sources were WAD, voluntary HIV spread, and public figures with HIV; those from unreliable sources were Death and Migrant People; Luc Montagnier and COVID-19 Conspiracies; Public Figures with HIV. On Instagram, the first 3 topics were the Italian National Institute of Health and Prevention, WAD, and public figures with HIV. A total of 68 articles nominating U=U were found and analysed, revealing 4 main areas: U=U definition, Prevention, Impact on people living with HIV, and Stigma. The accuracy in explaining U=U was generally low, with 6 articles(8.8%) providing only a definition. Conclusions HIV communication in Italy is limited and centered around WAD, with persisting bias. The dissemination of the U=U evidence is lacking. Urgent action is needed to shift the narrative and emphasize this evidence Key messages • HIV communication in Italy is limited and concentrated around World AIDS day. • The U=U evidence is poorly disseminated, often providing only a definition and medical explanation.

Nursing Care in Migrant People: An Approach from the Cultural Perspective

International migration is an issue of political, economic, and social relevance worldwide. Ensuring the right of international migrants to health protection is a challenge for countries of expulsion, transit, and destination. Nursing plays a vital role in ensuring that international migrants maintain a state of health that allows mobilization, through the prevention of diseases and accidents, the promotion of healthy behaviors, diagnosis and timely care of communicable and non-communicable diseases, so that the development of interventions in the areas of large migratory flows, helps to ensure safe migration from the approach of world health care.

La planificació de l’estatus i de l’adquisició del català al Principat d’Andorra: anàlisi qualitativa de discursos dels gestors de les polítiques lingüístiques

This article presents a qualitative analysis of a sample of discourses on status and language acquisition planning in the Principality of Andorra. After a presentation of the demographic and legal contexts of languages in Andorra, as well as the qualitative research methods carried out, the results of the study are presented. Among the most relevant, it is worth highlighting the perception of Catalan as a language whose use is not widespread despite being the only official language of the country. This phenomenon is even observed in language uses in public administration. The other important result is the need to implement better strategies to encourage migrant people to learn Catalan. According to participants in the fieldwork, the State should put more effort into making Catalan the common language of the whole society because this will contribute to the country’s nation-building.

Assessing vaccine hesitancy and vaccine literacy among the European prison population and staff: A multicentre observational study

Vaccination is the most efficient and cost-effective public health intervention. Prison population, for its low social distancing, constant turnover, and high percentage of migrants, should be an important target of vaccination campaign. However, vaccination coverage in prison is low. In this study we estimated vaccine hesitancy and vaccine literacy among the prison population and staff and assessed their correlation.We conducted a cross-sectional study in 13 prisons of 4 European countries. The sample included 847 people living in prison and 755 staff members. Through a structured questionnaire we assessed vaccine hesitancy, vaccine literacy, general health literacy, previous vaccine refusal and socio-demographic characteristics of participants. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract three components of vaccine hesitancy. Logistic regression was applied to assess the association between previous vaccine refusal and vaccine hesitancy; linear regression was applied to assess the association between vaccine hesitancy and vaccine and general health literacy. All analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic variables.We identified three components of vaccine hesitancy explaining 49% of the total variance: Mistrust, Concern and Conspiracy. In both people living in prison and staff, all the components were associated to previous vaccine refusal (p-value < 0.001) and presented good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90, 0.73 and 0.78). Young participants presented the highest levels of vaccine hesitancy; migrant people living in prison had the lower levels of Mistrust and the higher level of Concern; all three factors were lower among participants with the highest degree of education. Mistrust and Concern were inversely associated with vaccine literacy while all three subscales were inversely associated with general health literacy (all p-values < 0.001).This study suggests that educational interventions aimed at increasing vaccine literacy in people living and working in prison could decrease vaccine hesitation and consequently increase vaccination uptake among the prison population and staff.

Factors Influencing the Acceptance or Rejection of Dietary and Body Norm Systems Favorable to the Prevention and Control of Type 2 Diabetes Among Sub-Saharan Africa migrants: A Scoping Review.

The systems of dietary and body that favor the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes (T2D) go against what is vital for most of the migrant population, exposing them to conflicts of norms that are difficult to reconcile. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify factors that may influence the acceptance or rejection of dietary and body norm systems favorable to the prevention and control of T2D by sub-Saharan Africa migrants living with T2D. An electronic search of studies from 2011 to 2022, published in English, Italian, French, or Portuguese was conducted in seven databases and in gray literature. The selection of articles was done independently and blindly by six teams of two researchers in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined by the PICO. Seven studies were included. The results show several factors influencing the acceptance or rejection of dietary and body norms systems favorable to the prevention and control of T2D among the migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, mainly social network, income, availability, and affordability of foods, among others. Given the paucity of studies available on factors influencing the acceptance or rejection of body norm systems favorable to the prevention and control of T2D by sub-Saharan Africa migrants living with T2D, further studies are needed to better document these factors. A better understanding of these factors and their influence on the well-being of migrant people from sub-Saharan Africa living with T2D could help guide policy, research, and interventions so that they are better adapted to the realities of these populations.

“Co-Radicalization”: A Scientific Lens Proposal to Understand the Social Movements in Turkey

The term co-radicalization refers to intergroup hostilities leading to conflicts through cycles of reciprocal threat. This article explores the concept of co-radicalization in violent and non-violent terms and its potential application particularly in Turkey and broadly in the Middle East, a region characterized by ethnic, cultural and religious diversity, as well as socio-economic disparities. Drawing from the social fragmentations recently observed in Turkey, where scientific research on radicalism and co-radicalization is insufficient, the article offers several subjects of scrutiny, including (1) socio-economic co-radicalization between the native and migrant people in the fringes of the urban spaces, (2) the religious norm carriership led by the state institutions and the rise of “Deism” and atheism in response, and (3) the variety of non-violent radical expressions feeding each other, from music to satire. We conclude that the study of co-radicalization should be distinguished from the reductionist approaches to the concept, which tend to take terrorism and radicalism synonymously; the social scientific goal is to gain a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics behind societal divisions.

Healthcare-seeking behavior and spatial variation of internal migrants with chronic diseases: a nationwide empirical study in China.

Individuals migrating with chronic diseases often face substantial health risks, and their patterns of healthcare-seeking behavior are commonly influenced by mobility. However, to our knowledge, no research has used spatial statistics to verify this phenomenon. Utilizing data from the China Migrant Dynamic Survey of 2017, we conducted a geostatistical analysis to identify clusters of chronic disease patients among China's internal migrants. Geographically weighted regressions were utilized to examine the driving factors behind the reasons why treatment was not sought by 711 individuals among a population sample of 9272 migrant people with chronic diseases. The results indicate that there is a spatial correlation in the clustering of internal migrants with chronic diseases in China. The prevalence is highly clustered in Zhejiang and Xinjiang in north-eastern China. Hotspots were found in the northeast (Jilin and Liaoning), the north (Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjin), and the east (Shandong) and also spread into surrounding provinces. The factors that affect the migrants with no treatment were found to be the number of hospital beds per thousand population, the per capita disposable income of medical care, and the number of participants receiving health education per 1000 Chinese population. To rectify this situation, the local government should "adapt measures to local conditions." Popularizing health education and coordinating the deployment of high-quality medical facilities and medical workers are effective measures to encourage migrants to seek reasonable medical treatment.

Adaptation of Migrated Upper Mustangi People in Pokhara, Nepal

The adaptation process of migrant people from the Upper Mustang to Pokhara found a social issue. The trend of permanent and seasonal shifting was prominently observed in this study. The individual and community-level adaptation process of the in-migrants in Pokhara, and multi-ethnic societal adjustment were considerable. This research concentrated on specific ethnics of the Himalaya region of Mustang district who migrated to Pokhara and adapted in hilly ecology. The study was trying to seek the pattern of migration from the Upper Mustang their circumstance and their adaptation in Pokhara. The study area of this research was covered the migrant population in Pokhara from Lomanthang and Lo Ghekar Damodar Kunda Rural Municipalities of Upper Mustang. This study was based on a qualitative research design with interpretative research paradigm. Six informants residing in Pokhara seasonally or permanently both rural municipalities were selected representatively. For the qualitative information in-depth interview was taken with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire. Due to the climatic vulnerability, people from Upper Mustang were shifting in Pokhara permanently or seasonally for survival. The extreme cold, occasional summer rainfall, soil erosion and glacier outburst are major threats of the life security of migrants. Whereas, the common destination of migrants found Pokhara becaue favorable climate, life survival opportunities and historical legacy of socio-economic connection.

Brokerage and social segregation: a case study of cluster housing environment in Gading Serpong, Indonesia

PurposeThe paper aims is to see why social conflict caused by class segregation did not occur in Gading Serpong? What factors prevent conflict from occurring? This research seeks to find the causes of the nonoccurrence of social conflict due to class segregation in the Gading Serpong cluster area and explore the factors that restrain conflict there.Design/methodology/approachThis research is qualitative research with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with several parties identified as brokerages in the research object area. In this context, one of the media and analytical tools is to recognize agents or brokers who connect two groups of people. Brokerage occurs in sectors, patterns or forms of informal, personal relationships; to understand it, one must pay close attention to micro-level relationships and social psychological processes. However, brokerage can have a significant impact on macro-level social relations, as it is generally associated with social integration processes.FindingsThe lack of involvement of developers in overcoming social conflicts that occur between Gading Serpong natives and migrants in Gading Serpong housing has given rise to new actors. These new actors are what we can call brokers, where they have a role as brokers who are able to connect between migrants and natives in the Gading Serpong area. The broker phenomenon is actually familiar in academia, where in practice the broker acts as someone who is able to find solutions to problems. The broker is the reason even social segregation is created between migrant citizens and native citizens in Gading Serpong but never becomes a conflict between them.Research limitations/implicationsEven if the brokerage phenomenon is the reason why there is no conflict over social segregation brokerage is not the only factor in this nonconflict segregation. Therefore, to cover the larger area of these suburban segregation problems, there must be further research on this topic.Practical implicationsThe practical implication of this research is to encourage the housing developers that create urban housing, such as clusters or other gated communities, to evaluate the social factors, such as potential segregation and conflict management. Also to encourage the developers to get involved and create some social engineering systems, like brokerage, market and other social agents, to create some nonconflict segregation or even more inclusive communities.Originality/valueThis research is uncovering the main reason why social segregation between migrant and native people in Gading Serpong, which could potentially lead to conflict, is never a conflict. The main reason is social actors like brokerage.

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of migrant young people in Ireland

ABSTRACT The world-wide COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted education, with school closures leading to a shift to remote learning. Existing and emerging research has shown that even a relatively short period of missed school has negative consequences for academic and social outcomes among children and young people, especially for those from more vulnerable families. While emerging research drawing on cross-sectional data has focussed on how the pandemic has affected immigrant youth, there is a paucity of longitudinal studies in this field. In this paper, we used the longitudinal Growing Up in Ireland study to investigate and analyse the wellbeing of migrant-origin 12-year-olds in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our research shows that compared to their Irish peers, immigrant adolescents had poorer wellbeing, partly related to differences in family support for remote learning, in experiences of poor-quality interaction with peers and in levels of family strain.

Reflections on arts-based research methods in refugee mental health: The role of creative exercises in nurturing positive coping with trauma and exile

Abstract In the field of refugee mental health research, scholars have emphasized the ethical obligation for research practices to benefit participants. They have proposed that research participation itself can promote positive coping in the aftermath of migration. In this article, we aim to advance the understanding of the benefits of arts-based research methods (ABRM) in how they may nurture participants’ positive coping during their experiences as research participants. To do so, we depart from the findings from three drama-based mental health interventions conducted with refugee and migrant young people resettled in Europe on the role creative processes might play in fostering coping. We develop a reflection on how ABRM may tap into these processes to strengthen refugees’ coping and well-being, ultimately supporting ethical research practices. In the final section, we discuss the value of integrating ABRM in refugee mental health research that embeds similar creative processes in their methodological repertoire.

The Influence of Motivation Factors on Housing Choice of Migrants in Ho Chi Minh City

This study aims to assess the impact of motivational factors on the housing choices of rural-to-urban migrants. The motivations leading to housing choices include migration reasons, life events, and satisfaction with housing. The author suggested a research model with three hypotheses and conducted a survey between migrant people living in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam to test these hypotheses. There are several notable findings in this study. Firstly, the first hypothesis was accepted as factors related to both economic and non-economic values have a positive impact on housing choices. This aligns well with the reality that the majority of individuals aged 25–45 consider this as their primary goal when migrating to the city and searching for housing. Secondly, changes in current life circumstances can lead to changes in housing choice intentions. Thirdly, a significant finding of the research is that most individuals with an intention to change their place of residence do so because they are dissatisfied with the housing conditions or prices. In this research, housing satisfaction is an even more significant factor influencing housing choice intentions than life events and economic and noneconomic values. This study has some limitations, as it is necessary to clarify other factors, because only motivation may be impossible to change housing choice intentions. It is suggested that a number of other factors, such as opportunities or migrants’ capabilities could also influence the moving intentions.

The Effect of Cultural Awareness Training on Reducing the Ethnocentrism Levels of Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cultural awareness training on the ethnocentrism level of nursing students. This study was a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group pretest and posttest design. The research was completed with 64 students. The case group participated in a 6-hour cultural awareness training. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, paired sample t-test, Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test by means of the SPSS 22.0 program. The ethnocentrism mean scores of the students in the case group who participated in the intercultural awareness training were found to be lower than those of the control group. Decreasing of ethnocentrism among nursing students will contribute to improving the way in which migrant people are cared for.

Peer victimization and social anxiety in adolescence: a comparison between migrant and native students in Italy.

The first aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and social anxiety in native and migrant adolescents in Italy. Specifically, it was hypothesized that migrant adolescents (in comparison with natives) experience more frequent episodes of bullying victimization, which in turn, may be a risk factor for the development of social anxiety symptoms. The second aim of the study is to explore the relationships from reflected minority categorization to perceived ethnic discrimination at school and social anxiety symptoms, in the subgroup of migrant students. Results showed that the migrant (vs. native) status was predictive of higher scores in social anxiety dimensions (Fear of Negative Evaluation, Social Avoidance and Distress in New Situations, and General Social Avoidance Distress), via the mediating effect of increased peer victimization. Moreover, in the subgroup of migrant participants, an indirect effect of reflected minority categorization on social anxiety was observed, mediated by perceived ethnic discrimination at school. These findings may contribute to the understanding of health inequalities among migrant and native people in the Italian context. Limitations and practical implications of the study were discussed.

The myth of Australia’s migrant youth gang: examining the perceived association between ethnicity and gangs

ABSTRACT In Australia, as with other countries around the world, migrant young people receive significant media and political attention as the alleged perpetrators of significant criminal activity. This has been a consistent feature over time, with ‘Asian gangs’ in the 1990s in the US, UK and Australia, ‘Middle-Eastern gangs’ around the time of 9/11, ‘Turkish gangs’ and ‘Albanian gangs’ in the UK and Europe, and ‘African gangs’ in Australia since the early 2000s. In this research, we investigate the risk factors associated with youth gang membership in Australia. Using data from the Australia Youth Safety Survey from 2,945 young people aged 14–25 years, we examine the importance of first- and second-generation migrant status on gang membership. After controlling for known risk factors, we find that migrant status was not a predictor of gang membership. Results offer important insights into the prominence of morality and self-control as protective factors against youth gang membership, and speak to the role of neighbourhood context in which the young person lives.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on retention in care of native and migrant people with HIV in the ICONA cohort

BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic challenged the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets. How the COVID-19 pandemic affected HIV retention in care and whether it has disproportionally affected migrant people with HIV (PWH) remained to be investigated. MethodsPWH in ICONA Cohort in follow-up in each of the study periods were included: 01/09/2019-29/02/2020 (pandemic period) and 01/03/2018-31/08/2018 (historical period, as a control). Risk of temporary loss to follow-up (LTFU, defined as no data recorded for a person for one year) was analyzed by logistic regression, with migrant status as the main exposure variable. Difference in difference (DID) analysis was applied to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic in the different risk of LTFU between natives and migrants. Results8864 (17.1% migrants) and 8071 (16.8% migrants) PWH constituted the pandemic and the historical period population, respectively.Proportion of PWH defined as LTFU in the pandemic period was 10.5% in native and 19.6% in migrant PWH.After controlling for age, sex and geographical location of enrolling site, risk of temporary LTFU was higher for migrants than native PWH [adjusted odds ratio 1.85 (95%CI 1.54–2.22)] in pandemic period. In PWH contributing to both periods, LTFU was 9.0% (95% CI 8.3–9.8) in natives vs 17.0% (95% CI 14.7–19.4) in migrants during the pandemic. Instead, LTFU was 1.2% (95%CI 0.9, 1.5) in natives vs 2.2% (95% CI 1.3–3.1) in migrants during the historical period, with a resulting DID of 7.0% (95% CI 4.4–9.6). ConclusionsA greater proportion of LTFU in migrant PWH was observed in both periods, which remained unaltered over time. Interventions to reduce LTFU of migrants are necessary.

A behavioral explanation of the activity-space segregation: Individuals’ preference of choosing an activity destination

The difference in the individuals’ preference of activity destination choice is a new explanation for the activity-space segregation. This study investigates individuals’ preference in the destination choice for their daily activities. It uses revealed preference survey for the choice of the activity destination, and mobile phone dataset for the ambient population at the activity destination in Guangzhou, China. It has found that (1) the activity-space segregation is strongly influenced by the residential segregation, but disadvantaged populations are more spatially constrained by the distance decay effect; (2) all individuals prefer a destination with high diversity of built environment; and (3) migrant people tend to be self-segregated at the activity space, but people with higher education status prefer to take activities at an integrated place.

Migrant People, Expelled from their Human Condition

Migrant People, Expelled from their Human Condition

Resilience in Resisting Spaces: Cross-Cultural Gender Identity in “Before We Visit the Goddess”

“Before We Visit the Goddess” by Chitra Divakaruni is a culmination of multidimensional aspects of identity, including social, cultural, gendered, and psychological. The novel examines the cultural and sociological aspects of Indian estrangement and exile. The novel depicts the involvement of the migratory and the host in a cultural encounter that distinguishes them from one another. The paper attempts to capture how different cultures and ideologies clash to assert power, with each front trying to maintain its hegemonic stance. It further attempts to study how the literary piece stands in the oeuvre of a post-colonial discourse by analyzing narrative- a recurrent tool employed by writers to incarnate the situation of clashing powers between migrant people and their counterparts in their host country. In addition to exploring the dynamics of displaced identity, the research would further investigate the nuances of gender identity. The novel emerges as a tool to dissect the orthodox mental image of Indian women, who have frequently been correlated with obedience and submission. The current research paper applies the notion of feminine and othering as an analytical framework to highlight female characters’ struggles against subjection to patriarchal discourses. The research findings indicate that the central female characters, Tara, Bela, and Sabitri, confront masculine discourses by empowering themselves uniquely. Sabitri, for example, launches a business, Bela divorces, and Tara has an abortion. The protagonists exhibit the willpower of both a mother and a woman and a strong sense of affection, which is essential in their resilience to patriarchy and the reshaping of post-colonial feminine identity relations.

Insidious Harassment: Criminalisation, Solidarity, and Migration in France and Morocco

AbstractAmidst well‐documented hostile migration policies, this article explores how logics of criminalisation seep into the lives of activists and citizens, providing assistance, relief, advocacy, and other forms of support to migrant people. As presences considered legal and legitimate, solidarity actors inhabit distinct subjectivities from those of people migrating informally, yet state authorities interpret their acts as problematic and subject them to intrusive modes of policing. Drawing on critical border studies and feminist geography, this article homes in on less spectacular modes of criminalisation that target them in the intimacy of their everyday lives, threatening their sense of security through opaque surveillance, attacks on their emotions, employment prospects and family life. Drawing on ethnographic research carried out among these groups in Morocco and northern France, we conceptualise this mode of criminalisation as insidious harassment, examining the entanglement of geopolitics, emotions, and the intimate at these migration pressure points. Without decentring migrants as the primary targets of violent bordering, it broadens our understanding of these regimes by drawing attention to the ways in which they viscerally target those who work to protect the rights of migrant people.