Midlife Development In The United States Research Articles

Serial indirect effects from childhood maltreatment to adult chronic health conditions through contemporary family relationships and mental health problems: Inquiry into sleep disturbances and stress.

Childhood maltreatment accelerates biological aging, leaving adults vulnerable to chronic health problems. There is robust evidence that social relationships, including those with family members, may influence chronic health problems through psychological pathways, but there is little research considering stress and sleep problems, especially among adults who experienced childhood maltreatment. Furthermore, longitudinal research is lacking related to maltreatment and chronic health problems. The current study examined familial support and strain and subsequent sleep problems and stress in a serial mediational model linking childhood maltreatment to chronic health problems over time. Using three waves of data from the study of Midlife Development in the United States (N = 859; 55.8% female), structural equation modeling was used to examine familial support, strain, stress, and sleep problems in serial mediational model linking maltreatment to the number of chronic health conditions over a 9-year period. Childhood maltreatment was indirectly associated with a number of chronic health conditions through familial support and strain through subsequent reports of stress. Although family support was associated with fewer sleep problems, the bootstrapped indirect effect was not significant. Simple indirect effects from maltreatment to the number of chronic health problems were significant through both sleep problems and stress. Contemporary family relationships and psychological problems are possible points of prevention and intervention reducing the number of chronic health conditions among adults who were maltreated in childhood. Focusing on familial relationships and stress processes may be particularly fruitful. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Childhood maltreatment is longitudinally associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers through marital quality: Do health locus of control and eating habits matter?

Childhood maltreatment is longitudinally associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers through marital quality: Do health locus of control and eating habits matter?

Allostatic load and chronic pain: a prospective finding from the national survey of midlife development in the United States, 2004–2014

BackgroundPrevious research has demonstrated a correlation between chronic stress and chronic pain (CP). However, there have been few studies examining the prospective association of allostatic load (AL)—the biological processes related to stress—with CP.MethodsWe firstly conducted latent class analysis to identify phenotypes of AL using a community-dwelling sample, the Midlife in the United States. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the prospective association between phenotypes of AL at MIDUS 2 biomarker project and the presence of CP, CP interference and the number of CP sites at MIDUS 3.ResultsThree phenotypes of AL, low biological dysregulation, parasympathetic dysregulation and metabolic dysregulation, were identified. Compared to low biological dysregulation group, participants experiencing metabolic dysregulation phenotype of AL at MIDUS 2 had higher risks of having high-interference CP (RRR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.79, P < 0.05) and 3 or more CP sites (RRR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.83, P < 0.05) at MIDUS 3.ConclusionThe findings indicate that focusing on mitigating the metabolic dysfunction phenotype of AL has the potential to be an efficacious strategy for alleviating future CP bodily widespreadness and high CP interference.

Divine struggles and whole person functioning: a 9-year longitudinal study of middle-aged U.S. adults

Objective This longitudinal study examined the associations of divine struggles with 25 psychological distress, psychological well-being, social well-being, prosociality, physical health, and health behavior outcomes assessed approximately nine years later. Methods We used three waves of data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (N = 4041): M1 (1995–1996), M2 (2004–2006), and M3 (2013–2014). Following the analytic template for outcome-wide longitudinal designs, our primary analysis employed a series of regression models to estimate the associations between a continuous measure of divine struggles assessed at M2 with each outcome assessed at M3. All models adjusted for a rich set of covariates, including prior values of all outcomes. Results There was modest evidence suggesting that divine struggles were associated with worse subsequent functioning on one or more outcomes for each domain except health behaviors (effect sizes were generally very small). Conclusions Divine struggles have the potential to degrade long-term functioning across multiple domains of life. Practitioners should attend to and address divine struggles in their clinical work.

COPING STYLES AS MEDIATORS BETWEEN PURPOSE IN LIFE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY

Abstract This study tested the association between purpose in life and coping styles and whether coping styles mediate the association between purpose and cognitive function. Longitudinal data from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study were used to investigate associations between purpose assessed at MIDUS I (1996-1997) and coping assessed at MIDUS II (2004-2006) (N=2,386). Emotion-focused and problem-focused coping styles were then tested as mediators of the association between purpose and cognitive function (i.e., memory, executive function, and global cognition) assessed at MIDUS III (2013-2014). Higher purpose was associated with higher problem focused coping (β=.191, p&amp;lt;.001) and lower emotion-focused coping (β=-.227, p&amp;lt;.001). Coping style partially mediated the association between purpose and cognitive function about two decades later. Emotion-focused coping accounted for 14.3% of the total effect of purpose on cognitive function. Problem-focused coping mediated 16.7% of the total effect of the association of purpose on episodic memory, but did not mediate the associations between purpose with either executive function or total cognitive function. These findings provide new evidence for associations between purpose and coping, as well as links between coping and cognitive function in a large, longitudinal sample of adults. The results are consistent with the literature on purpose and better cognitive function in adulthood and suggest that coping is one mechanism linking purpose with better cognitive function.

Differential effects of family and friend support in sexual minority aging adults: Analysis of MIDUS 3

Background: Sexual minorities experience disproportionate stress from historical and current oppression and social discrimination/isolation compared to their heterosexual counterparts, leading to greater risks of adverse mental health. Although social support serves as a significant protector buffering stress on physical and mental health, little is known about its effect on psychological well-being among sexual minority aging adults.&#x0D; Study objective: We aimed to explore the effects of social support from family and family on three psychological outcomes: life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social well-being: between sexual minority and heterosexual aging adults using national representative data from the 2013-2014 Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS 3) in the U.S.&#x0D; Methods: Key variables included: sexual orientation, family support, friend support, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social well-being. We conducted adjusted, multiple linear regressions to examine life satisfaction/self-esteem/social well-being in relation to perceived discrimination, family support, friend support, and two-way interactions using backward stepwise regression.&#x0D; Results: Of the 2,596 U.S. participants (Mean[age]=64.19; SD=11.0), 3% identified as sexual minorities and 9.7 % were racial/ethnic minorities. Sexual minority participants were more likely to perceive discrimination and less likely to have family support compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Regarding to adjusted linear regression models, heterosexual participants with greater family support had greater psychological wellbeing compared to their sexual minority counterparts with greater family support. However, sexual minority participants with greater friend support experienced a steeper increase in psychological outcomes based on life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social well-being compared to heterosexual participants with greater friend support.&#x0D; Contribution to Evidence-Based Care: The findings suggest that sexual minority aging adults experience disproportionately more lifetime discrimination and lower family support compared to their heterosexual peers. Future studies and social programs should address the differential effects of family and friend support on physical and psychological indicators among sexual minority aging adults.

The Long-Term Effects of Unilateral Divorce Laws on the Noncognitive Skill of Conscientiousness

Abstract This paper provides the first causal evidence of the effect of a change in divorce laws on noncognitive skills in adulthood. We exploit state-cohort variation in the adoption of unilateral divorce laws in the U.S. to assess whether children exposed to this law have different noncognitive skills in adulthood compared to those never exposed or exposed as adults. Using data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the U.S. (MIDUS) and employing the staggered difference-in-differences identification strategy developed by Callaway and Sant’Anna, we show that divorce reform had a detrimental long-term effect on the conscientiousness of those who were exposed as children whether their parents divorced or not. Changes in parental inputs can explain most of the effect, which is greatest for men whose parents divorced.

A marginal structural model analysis for the effect modification by education on the association between cancer diagnosis history and major depressive symptoms: Findings from Midlife Development in the U.S. (MIDUS)

BackgroundLimited research has employed a longitudinal approach to investigate the role of education level as an effect modifier on the relationship between cancer diagnosis history and the experience of major depressive disorder (MDD) with a nationally representative sample. MethodsWe harnessed data from three installments of the MIDUS Longitudinal study (n = 7108). A Marginal Structural Model facilitated the investigation of associations between a history of cancer diagnosis, MDD, and potential modifying effects of education level. Inverse probability weighting helped manage confounding factors. ResultsFindings indicated that a cancer diagnosis made one year prior was linked with 3.741 times greater odds of experiencing MDD (95 % CI: 1.411–9.918, p < 0.01). This connection was absent for diagnoses made two years earlier. Among individuals with education up to high school, a recent cancer diagnosis significantly increased the likelihood of MDD in the subsequent wave by 3.45 times (95 % CI: 1.31–9.08, p < 0.05). This pattern was not apparent among better-educated individuals. LimitationsAs the exposure variable was dependent on self-reported questionnaires, recall bias could be a potential limitation. Moreover, unaccounted variables like genetic factors could introduce confounding. ConclusionsA recent cancer diagnosis, particularly among less educated individuals, correlated with an increased probability of MDD, while the impact was not observed for older diagnoses. These findings emphasize that the timing of a cancer diagnosis and education level need consideration in the mental health assessment of cancer survivors.

Adverse childhood experiences and all-cause mortality risk in adulthood

BackgroundAdverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with mortality risk in adulthood. It is unclear, however, whether ACEs perpetrated beyond parents may be associated with mortality risk, if the risk is accumulative or plateaus at a certain frequency, whether associations differ dependent on ACE types, whether types interact with one another, or if observed effects differ by sex. ObjectiveTo examine associations between ACEs and mortality risk. Participants and setting6319 participants (age range 25–74 years, mean [SD] 46.91 [12.95] years; 51.6 % female) followed from 1995/96 to 2018 as part of the survey of Midlife Development in the United States. MethodsACE variables were self-reported exposure to 20 ACE types from five categories: physical abuse, emotional abuse, socioeconomic disadvantage, adverse family structure, and poor health at age 16 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate mortality risk. ResultsACEs were accumulatively associated with increased mortality risk in adjusted models (HR = 1.033; p ≤ .001, 95 % CI, 1.014–1.053). The association was linear. Only physical abuse (HR = 1.05; p = .024, 95 % CI, 1.01–1.10) remained significantly predictive of increased mortality risk adjusting for other types. No interaction by sex or amongst ACE types was observed. ConclusionsACEs may be cumulatively associated with increased mortality risk, such that each individual ACE increases risk. Physical abuse may be an important ACE type within a mortality risk context. Individual ACE types warrant further study as each type may have their own differential impact on mortality risk.

The mediating effect of allostatic load on the association between life course socioeconomic disadvantage and chronic pain: a prospective finding from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States.

Socioeconomic disadvantages (SEDs) are associated with chronic pain (CP) and allostatic load (AL). Few prospective population-based studies have examined the relationship between life course SED, CP interference, and CP widespreadness, and there is no prospective population-based study on whether AL mediates the association between SED and CP. In this study, we investigated whether the prospective effect of SED on CP at Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) 3 is consistent with the accumulation of risk model and social mobility model, using the National Survey of MIDUS (n = 593). To prepare for the mediation analysis, we tested (1) whether SED would be prospectively associated with AL in the MIDUS 2 biomarker project, (2) whether AL would be prospectively associated with CP, and (3) whether childhood, as a critical period, moderated the association between AL and CP. In addition, the mediating effect of AL on the association between SED and CP was examined. SED was measured using cumulative scores and disadvantage trajectories derived from latent class trajectory modeling (LCTM). After multiple imputations, analyses were conducted using multinomial logistic regression for CP and negative binomial regression for AL, respectively. Finally, mediation analyses and moderated mediation analyses were performed. LCTM identified three SED trajectories, namely, constant low, high to low, and medium to high. The results showed that proximal cumulative SED was associated with high-interference CP. Furthermore, compared with the group with constant low SED, the group with medium-to-high SED was significantly associated with high-interference pain and experienced pain in at least three different sites. Cumulative SED and deteriorating SED trajectories were associated with higher AL, consistent with previous studies. Furthermore, childhood SED moderated the effect of AL on CP widespreadness and unexpectedly demonstrated a protective effect, while other associations between AL and CP were not significant. Subsequent mediation analysis did not yield statistically significant evidence. People who experienced more recent SED or increasing disadvantage throughout their lives were more likely to suffer from CP, and this association was not mediated by physiological system dysregulation caused by chronic stress. Therefore, measures to alleviate AL may not be effective in protecting socioeconomically disadvantaged populations from CP.

Work and Family Conflicts, Depression, and "Ikigai": A Mediation Analysis in a Cross-Cultural Study Between Japanese and Egyptian Civil Workers.

Work-family conflicts (total-WFCs) could associate with mental health, and having ikigai (a purpose of life) may mediate this association. In a cross-cultural study of 4792 Japanese Aichi Workers' Cohort study participants and 3109 Egyptian civil workers, the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) questionnaire measured total-WFCs and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) 11-item scale measured depression. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (ORs) of having depression and a high-ikigai across levels of total-WFCs (low, moderate, and high), and the PROCESS macro of Hayes tested the mediation effect. The prevalence of high total-WFCs, depression, and having a high-ikigai were 17.9%, 39.4%, and 70.1% in Japanese women, 10.5%, 26.8%, and 70.1% in Japanese men, 23.7%, 58.2%, and 24.7% in Egyptian women, and 19.1%, 38.9%, and 36.9% in Egyptian men. Compared with participants with low total-WFCs, the multivariable ORs (95% CIs) of depression in Japanese women and men with high total-WFCs were 4.11 (2.99-5.65) and 5.42 (4.18-7.02), and those in Egyptian women and men were 4.43 (3.30-5.95) and 4.79 (3.53-6.48). The respective ORs of having a high-ikigai were 0.46 (0.33-0.64) and 0.40 (0.31-0.52) in Japanese women and men and were 0.34 (0.24-0.48) and 0.28 (0.20-0.39) in Egyptian women and men. No interaction between total-WFCs and country was observed for the associations with depression or ikigai. Ikigai has mediated (up to 18%) the associations between the total-WFCs and depression, especially in Egyptian civil workers. Total-WFCs were associated with depression, and having low-ikigai mediated these associations in Japanese and Egyptian civil workers.

Longitudinal associations between mental health and social environment in older adults: a multilevel growth modeling

Objectives This study aimed to assess longitudinal relationships between social environment indicators (social connectedness, social engagement, social contribution) and mental health indicators (depression and anxiety) among community-dwelling adults age 55 years and older. Methods Data were drawn from 3-waves of the national longitudinal survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) (N = 2,020; age range = 55-94 years). We developed multilevel growth models to ascertain the relationships of interest, controlling for sociodemographic and physical health factors. Results Over the 20-year period of study, lower levels of emotional social support, social integration and social contribution significantly predicted depression and anxiety, whereas social network and social engagement were not significant predictors of these mental health outcomes in older adults. The models also indicated a moderation effect of the number of chronic conditions on the slopes of depression and anxiety. Discussion Considering our findings, interventions to enhance social contribution and social connectedness could be effective to help older adults maintain positive mental health, as well as programs that facilitate older adults’ connections with their families, communities and health care providers. These interventions must also account for multiple chronic conditions since functional limitations drive declining integration in the community and participation in social activities.

Marital quality and depression as mediators linking childhood maltreatment to adult physical health

BackgroundChildhood maltreatment is known to influence adult physical health among midlife adults. Evidence suggests that depressive symptoms mediate the association. However, research has discounted the role of marital quality in understanding health outcomes among adults maltreated in childhood. ObjectiveTo advance this line of inquiry, we examined the relationship between marital quality and depressive symptoms in a sequential mediation model linking childhood maltreatment to adult physical health over ten years. Participants and settingOur sample consisted of midlife adults (n = 550) from three waves of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study. The majority (n = 91.4 %) were white. At MIDUS 2, the mean age was 54.84 (SD = 10.78) and the mean age at MIDUS 3 was 63.96 (SD = 10.81). MethodsStructural equation modeling was used to examine the degree to which marital quality and depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult physical outcomes. Bootstrapping procedures were used to estimate the indirect effects. ResultsThe serial mediation effects from maltreatment to adult physical health through marital quality and depressive symptoms were significant. Likewise, the simple indirect effects from maltreatment to subjective evaluations and the number of chronic health conditions through depressive symptoms were also significant. ConclusionsChildhood maltreatment is linked to adult physical health problems through marital quality and depressive symptoms, suggesting that the quality of adult marriages may play a critical role in health outcomes. Improving the quality of marriages may reduce risk factors, such as depression, that potentate future physical health problems.

Linking genetic foundations of sleep disturbances to personality traits: a study of mid-life twins.

Risk of sleep disturbances depends on individuals' personality, and a large body of evidence indicates that individuals prone to neuroticism, impulsivity, and (low) extraversion are more likely to experience them. Origins of these associations are unclear, but common genetic background may play an important role. Participants included 405 twin pairs (mean age of 54 years; 59% female) from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) who reported on their personality traits (broad and specific), as well as sleep disturbances (problems with falling asleep, staying asleep, waking early, and feeling unrested). Uni- and bivariate biometric decompositions evaluated contributions of genetic and environmental factors to associations between personality and poor sleep, as well as unique contributions from individual traits. Neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and aggressiveness were the strongest phenotypic predictors of poor sleep. Genetic sources of covariance were about twice as large as non-shared environmental sources, and only shared genetic background accounted for links between aggressiveness and poor sleep. Neuroticism and extraversion accounted for most of the genetic overlap between personality and sleep disturbances. The findings shed light on developmental antecedents of ties between personality and poor sleep, suggesting a larger role of common genetic background than idiosyncratic life experiences. The results also suggest that emotion-related traits play the most important role for poor sleep, compared to other personality traits, and may partially account for genetic associations with other traits.

Toward a better understanding of the causal effects of role demands on work-family conflict: A genetic modeling approach.

Over the past several decades, there has been considerable interest in the theoretical causes of work-family conflict (WFC). Most studies have focused on situational determinants, often ignoring the role of personal factors such as disposition and heritable elements. We increase understanding of person versus situation influences on WFC through estimation of the relationship between role demands and WFC after controlling for genetic confounding, measured personality traits, family confounds, and other stable dispositions. Based on twin data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), we examine the role of genetic factors in explaining variation in WFC (both work interference with family [WIF] and family interference with work [FIW]). Results support WFC has an additive genetic component, accounting for 31% [95% CI 18%, 45%] and 16% [95% CI 2%, 30%] of the variance in WIF and FIW, respectively. In addition, we test two competing hypotheses with regard to the relationship between role demands and WFC. Results support the phenotypic causal relationship for WIF, consistent with the notion the relationship between work demands and WIF reflect situational processes. However, results support the genetic confounding hypothesis for FIW, indicating observed relationships between family demands and FIW are primarily due to genetic factors. Our results provide new insights into the nature of WFC relationships and underscore that ignoring the influence of heritability can bias estimates of role demand effects in WFC research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Asthma and its relationship with anthropometric markers among adults.

Many studies have examined the association between anthropometric indicators and the likelihood of developing asthma. However, no study has yet examined the link between asthma and anthropometric markers of risk. This study addresses this gap in the literature by evaluating the relationship between asthma, smoking, and anthropometric measurements such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) among individuals residing in the United States. This cross-sectional study conducted a secondary analysis of the 2011-2014 National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States, using data from 2,257 participants aged 25-74. We classified the participants into four groups based on self-reported smoking and asthma status: nonsmokers with no asthma, asthma alone, smokers only, and smokers with asthma. The outcomes of interest were BMI, WC, HC, and WHR scores in the latter three groups compared to the nonsmokers with no asthma group. Linear regression analysis showed that those with asthma alone and smokers with asthma were significantly more likely to have a BMI, WC, or HC score of 1 or higher than people without asthma and smokers only. A higher score on the anthropometric parameters was substantially related to participants who had only asthma and those who had both asthma and smoking.

Moving suicide prevention upstream by understanding the effect of flourishing on suicidal ideation in midlife: an instrumental variable approach

Prior research has examined the association between flourishing and suicidal ideation, but it is unknown whether this association is causal. Understanding the causality between flourishing and suicidal ideation is important for clinicians and policymakers to determine the value of innovative suicide prevention programs by improving flourishing in at-risk groups. Using a linked nationwide longitudinal sample of 1619 middle-aged adults (mean age 53, 53% female, 88% White) from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), this retrospective cohort study aims to assess the causal relationship between flourishing and suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults in the US. Flourishing is a theory-informed 13-scale index covering three domains: emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Suicidal ideation was self-reported in a follow-up interview conducted after measuring flourishing. We estimated instrumental variable models to examine the potential causal relationship between flourishing and suicidal ideation. High-level flourishing (binary) was reported by 486 (30.0%) individuals, and was associated with an 18.6% reduction in any suicidal ideation (binary) (95% CI, − 29.3– − 8.0). Using alternative measures, a one standard deviation increase in flourishing (z-score) was associated with a 0.518 (95% CI, 0.069, 0.968) standard deviation decrease in suicidal ideation (z-score). Our results suggest that prevention programs that increase flourishing in midlife should result in meaningful reductions in suicide risk. Strengthening population-level collaboration between policymakers, clinical practitioners, and non-medical partners to promote flourishing can support our collective ability to reduce suicide risks across social, economic, and other structural circumstances.

Trait self-acceptance mediates parental childhood abuse predicting depression and anxiety symptoms in adulthood

BackgroundBiopsychosocial models posit that experiencing parental childhood abuse increases vulnerability to psychopathology in adulthood. There are a lack of studies investigating mediators of the parental childhood abuse–adulthood psychopathology relation. The current study investigated if trait self-acceptance mediated the parental childhood abuse–adulthood major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and panic disorder (PD) severity relations. MethodsParticipants (n = 3294) partook in the 18-year Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study at three time-points. We conducted structural equation modeling analyses to test how maternal and paternal childhood abuse at Time 1 would independently positively predict MDD, GAD, and PD severity at Time 3, and if self-acceptance at Time 2 mediated those relations while controlling for adulthood MDD, GAD, and PD severity at Time 1. ResultsSelf-acceptance notably mediated the parental childhood abuse-adulthood MDD, GAD, and PD relations. Overall, higher paternal and maternal childhood abuse was associated with lower self-acceptance. Reduced self-acceptance predicted heightened adulthood MDD, GAD, and PD. ConclusionFindings highlight the importance of understanding the parental childhood abuse–adulthood psychopathology relation and the possible mechanisms of its long-term impact.

PERSONALITY TRAITS PREDICT DIABETES RISK IN ADULTHOOD: THE MEDIATING EFFECTS OF USING FOOD TO COPE WITH STRESS

Abstract Identifying the individual characteristics that predict which adults will develop obesity and diabetes is crucial. This study included national data from 902 participants (aged 25-75) in the Midlife Development in the U.S. (MIDUS) study. Participants completed the Big-5 personality trait measure in 1995-1996, and behavior/health variables between 2004-2009. We tested whether levels of certain personality traits would predict an elevated risk of diabetes via hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels through eating behaviors. A structural equation modeling framework demonstrated good fit when testing indirect effects (CFI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.05). Indirect effects revealed that higher levels of neuroticism predicted greater waist circumference and higher HbA1c levels due to an increased use of food to cope with problems (IE =0.10; p&amp;lt;0.05). Moreover, indirect effects were found for conscientiousness, albeit in a protective direction. Our findings suggest that personality traits may be an early predictor of behavior and thus long-term adverse health outcomes.

CHANGE IN EPISODIC MEMORY AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING PREDICTS MORTALITY RISK

Abstract The current study explored whether the Brief Test of Adult Cognition via Telephone (BTACT) assessment could be used to predict longevity in a national sample of adults from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study. Specifically, we examined whether 9-year changes in episodic memory (EM) and executive functioning (EF) predicted all-cause mortality risk (2004-2018). The sample included 2,643 participants (MAge=45.87; 92.23% white; 107 deceased) who completed the BTACT twice: between 2004-06 and between 2013-2017. Using change scores, decreases in EM (HR= 1.45 [1.09-1.93], p=.01) and EF (HR=1.585 [1.17-2.14], p&amp;lt;.001) increased the hazard of dying (controlling for age, gender, race, education, and self-rated health). Results suggest the BTACT is sensitive enough to detect health-consequential decreases in EM/EF. Future research should consider the BTACT as a viable assessment tool for older adults who may not have easy access to cognitive screenings.