Middleware Level Research Articles

ІНТЕРНЕТ РЕЧЕЙ ТА BIG DATA: АНАЛІТИКА В РЕЖИМІ РЕАЛЬНОГО ЧАСУ

The Internet of Things and Big Data are two unique concepts. To date, both technologies have already passed the "pit of disappointment", pulled up to each other and almost side by side go to the "plateau of productivity", ie enter the phase of maturity. The aim of the article is to substantiate the need to integrate the functionality of the Internet of Things and Big Data. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set: to define the essence of the concepts of "Internet of Things" and "Big Data", to clarify the relationship between the Internet of Things and Big Data. The article examines the trends of rapid development of the Internet of Things. The architecture of the Internet of Things is revealed at six levels: coding level, perception level, network level, middleware level, program level, business level. The classification of the Internet of Things is given, based on which the subject of the Internet of Things market is chosen as a criterion: business (industrial Internet of Things), consumers (consumer segment of the Internet of Things), state (state segment of the Internet of Things). The economic effects of the introduction of the Internet of Things in various sectors of the economy, including industry, logistics, energy, mining, agriculture, transport, construction, finance, are identified. The concept of Big Data is studied through the prism of three V: volume – volume, velocity – speed, variety – diversity. The classification of information belonging to the "Big Data" is considered: operational data, "dark" data, commercial data, official data, information from social networks and services.The general architecture typical of Big Data is characterized, which consists of the following levels: data collection, data storage, data transformation, data processing, data analysis, data output. The differences between the Internet of Things and Big Data are highlighted. Further ways of combining these technologies are suggested. The combination of the Internet of Things and Big Data provides fundamentally new opportunities. Big Data and the Internet of Things complement each other. Combining these technologies allows you to not only respond to problems as they are identified, but also anticipate them.

Ulasan Penelitian Sistem Operasi Waktu Nyata di Indonesia

Over the past 30 years, development of semiconductor manufacturing has resulted in smaller and faster computers. Its presence results in the development of sophisticated devices and processing large amounts of data quickly and reliably. More and more functionality on the system devices, needed effective and efficient resources. In some cases, only real-time operating systems (RTOS) can gather time and resources from these systems.. Whether using the software on an automation device, or middleware level to help communicate between programs, or using the software, it will be useful to know when RTOS uses the right platform for the application. This paper focus on various RTOS research and development over the past ten years in Indonesia. The main objective is to enable readers to understand the basic concepts of real time operating systems and stimulate further research in Indonesia regarding real time operating systems on automation devices.

Comments to Jean-Claude Burgelman's article Politics and Open Science: How the European Open Science Cloud Became Reality (the Untold Story) —“EOSC is a bigger ME” and the Dunning Kruger effect

Comments to Jean-Claude Burgelman's article <i>Politics and Open Science: How the European Open Science Cloud Became Reality (the Untold Story)</i> —“EOSC is a bigger ME” and the Dunning Kruger effect

Review of The Game Audio Strategy Guide

Review of <i>The Game Audio Strategy Guide</i>

Hardware support in a middleware for distributed and real-time embedded applications

One of the main challenges in the development of tools and methodologies for a multiprocessor realtime embedded system is to reuse already developed software, but at the same time obtaining low memory footprint, low energy consumption, and minimal area, obviously addressing the real-time constraints. This work aims to face these problems at the middleware level.We show that adaptations in the platform architecture, for instance exploring hardware implementations of middleware services, such as task scheduling and communication, can drive better gains in application requirements like energy and performance, which are essential for embedded applications. This approach is coupled with a high flexibility in choosing either a hardware or a software implementation, because services are encapsulated into objects and the application development and the design space exploration at middleware level can be performed independently from each other, in a fully transparent way. Furthermore, the use of the object-oriented approach reduces time-to-market and development costs.

5g Standardization Initiatives towards 5g Wireless Access Technology

The best largely favoured program architecture in IoT is the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), which aims to deliver a loosely paired devices to utilize the usage as well as reuse of IoT companies at the middle-ware level, to decrease device combination issues. What is the most unique attribute of this paper, compared to various other study and also tutorial jobs, is the in depth presentation of the interior programs and also mechanisms of the system protocols based on IPv6. This paper gives 5G standardization projects in the direction of 5G cordless accessibility innovation.

Can I/O Variability Be Reduced on QoS-Less HPC Storage Systems?

For a production high-performance computing (HPC) system, where storage devices are shared between multiple applications and managed in a best effort manner, I/O contention is often a major problem. In this paper, we propose a balanced messaging-based re-routing in conjunction with throttling at the middleware level. This work tackles two key challenges that have not been fully resolved in the past: whether I/O variability can be reduced on a QoS-less HPC storage system, and how to design a runtime scheduling system that can scale up to a large amount of cores. The proposed scheme uses a two-level messaging system to re-route I/O requests to a less congested storage location so that write performance is improved, while limiting the impact on read by throttling re-routing. An analytical model is derived to guide the setup of optimal throttling factor. We thoroughly analyze the virtual messaging layer overhead and explore whether the in-transit buffering is effective in managing I/O variability. Contrary to the intuition, in-transit buffer cannot completely solve the problem. It can reduce the absolute variability but not the relative variability. The proposed scheme is verified against a synthetic benchmark as well as being used by production applications.

Towards providing middleware-level proactive resource reorganisation for elastic HPC applications in the cloud

Elasticity is one of the most important features of cloud computing, referring to the ability to add or remove resources according to the needs of the application or service. Particularly for High Performance Computing (HPC), elasticity can provide a better use of resources and also a reduction in the execution time of applications. Today, we observe the emergence of proactive initiatives to handle the elasticity and HPC duet, but they present at least one problem related to the need of a previous user experience, large processing time or completion of parameters. Concerning the aforesaid context, this paper presents ProElastic - a lightweight model that uses proactive elasticity to drive resource reorganisation decisions for HPC applications. Our idea is to explore both performance and adaptivity at middleware level in an effortless way at user perspective. The results showed performance gains and a competitive cost (application time × consumed resources).

MIND: An approach to optimize communication time via middleware tuning

Minimizing the communication time due to the transfer over a network of the intermediary results produced during the execution of a distributed query is a fundamental problem in distributed database management systems. We take a new look at this problem by investigating the relationship between the communication time and a remote data access middleware. We focus on two middleware parameters that are manually tuned by database administrators or programmers: the fetch size (i.e., the number of tuples that are communicated at once) and the message size (i.e., the size of the buffer at the middleware level). We present an experimental study which shows that these parameters have a crucial impact on the communication time. Then, we propose the MIND framework, which tunes the aforementioned middleware parameters, while adapting to different queries (that may vary in terms of selectivity) and networks (that may vary in terms of bandwidth). The main technical contributions of MIND are (i) a communication time estimation function that takes into account the middleware parameters, the size of the query result and the network environment, and (ii) an iterative optimization algorithm to find the fetch size and the message size that allow a good trade-off between low resource consumption and low communication time. We conclude with an experimental study that emphasizes the effectiveness of the MIND framework.

ARMET: Behavior-Based Secure and Resilient Industrial Control Systems

In this paper, we introduce a design methodology to develop reliable and secure industrial control systems (ICSs) based on the behavior of their computational resources (i.e., process/application) and underlying physical resources (e.g., the controlled plant). The methodology has three independent, but complementary, components that employ novel approaches and techniques in the design of reliable and secure ICSs. First, we introduce reliable-and-secure-by-design development of secure industrial control applications through stepwise sound refinement of an executable specification, employing deductive synthesis to enforce functional and nonfunctional (e.g., security and safety) properties of ICS applications. Second, we present a runtime security monitor at the middleware level of ICSs that protects ICS operation in the field through comparison of the application execution and the application specification execution in real time; the runtime security monitor can be synthesized from the executable specification. Finally, based on the specification, we perform a vulnerability analysis for false data injection (FDI) attacks, which leads to ICS application designs that are resilient to this type of attacks. We demonstrate the methodology through its application to a basic and typical ICS example application, describing all the tools used and ARMET, the middleware monitor that constitutes the core component of the methodology.

MONet

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to ensure power efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) through a new framework-oriented middleware, based on a biologically inspired mechanism that uses an evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm. The authors call this middleware framework multi-objective optimization for wireless sensor networks (MONet).Design/methodology/approachIn MONet, the middleware level of each network node autonomously adjusts its routing parameters according to dynamic network conditions and seeks optimal trade-offs among performance objectives for a balance of its global performance. MONet controls the cooperation between agents (network nodes) while varying transmission paths to reduce and distribute power consumption equitably on all the sensor nodes of network. MONet-runtime uses a modified TinyDDS middleware platform.FindingsSimulation results confirm that MONet allows power efficiency to WSN nodes while adapting their sleep periods and self-heal false-positive sensor data.Originality/valueThe framework implementation is lightweight and efficient enough to run on resource-limited nodes such as sensor nodes.

A Middleware Based Architecture for the Industrial Internet of Things

Due to its potential, the Internet of Things (IoT) begins to be used in the industrial field. Nevertheless, although the concept called the Industrial Internet of Things does not know a widely accepted definition, it is based on the existing technology, and introduces the IoT in the industrial environment through the compliance with specific additional requirements and by integrating various fieldbuses with distinctive features, from the real-time point of view. The aim of this paper is to propose a practical architecture for the Industrial Internet of Things. The proposed architecture is designed around the Data Distribution Service for Real Time System (DDS) middleware protocol, and it is organized on four levels. Between these levels, it is defined standard interface, and they can be developed independently. For this reason, the architecture is scalable because at the middleware level, the DDS can be replaced by other middleware systems. At the final, it is performed a comparison between several middleware systems used in the proposed architecture.

Evaluation on Information Model about Sensors Featured by Relationships to Measured Structural Objects

In accordance with the requirements of expanding Machine-To-Machine communication (M2M), the network overlay is in progress in several domains such as Smart Grid. Consequently, it is predictable that opportunities and cases of integrating yielded data from devices such as sensors will increase more. Accordingly, the importance of Ontology and Information Models (IM) which normalize the semantics including sensor expressions, have increased, and the standards of these definitions have been more important as well. So far, there have been multiple initiatives for standardizing the Ontology and IM in regards to the sensors expression such as Sensor Standards Harmonization by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), W3C Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) and the recent W3C IoT-Lite Ontology. However, there is still room to improve the current level of the Ontology and IM on the viewpoint of the implementing structure. This paper presents a set of IMs on abstract sensors and contexts in regards to the phenomenon around these sensors from the point of view of a structure implementing these specified sensors. As several previous studies have pointed out, multiple aspects on the sensors should be modeled. Accordingly, multiple sets of Ontology and IM on these sensors should be defined. Our study has intended to clarify the relationship between configurations and physical measured quantities of the structures implementing a set of sensors. Up to present, they have not been generalized and have remained unformulated. Consequently, due to the result of this analysis, it is expected to implement a more generalized translator module easily, which aggregates the measured data from the sensors on the middleware level managing these Ontology and IM, instead of the layer of user application programs.

End to End Monitoring in Oracle Fusion Middleware for Data Verification

In large enterprises multiple departments use different sort of information systems and databases according to their needs. These systems are independent and heterogeneous in nature and sharing information or data between these systems is not an easy task. The usage of middleware technologies have made data sharing between systems very easy. However monitoring the exchange of data or information for verification purposes between target and source systems is often complex or impossible for maintenance department due to security or access privileges on target and source systems. In this paper, we are intended to present our experience of an end to end data monitoring approach at middleware level implemented in Oracle BPEL for data verification without any help of monitoring tool.

QoS-aware scalable video streaming using data distribution service

Enabling Real-Time video streaming over wireless networks is a challenging task due to the time-varying channel conditions and the limited network resources. The instability of wireless networks leads to problems such as limited and time-varying bandwidth, and unexpected traffic congestion when transmitting a burst of video streams. In Real-Time video streaming, each frame must be delivered and decoded by its playback time. Recently, layer coding (LC) has enabled Real-Time and scalable video streaming to clients of heterogeneous capabilities by dropping upper enhancement layers without the need of re-encoding and with much less bit rate. However, layer coding still facing unfair layer protection problem in which packets from the base or lower layers might be dropped while there is a chance to drop packets from the upper enhancement layers. Losing packets from the base layer can significantly affect the delivered video quality and sometimes lead to an interruption especially in error-prone networks as wireless networks. Architectural solutions at the middleware level introduce higher flexibility, more efficiency in development time and more QoS control. This work investigates the behavior of video streaming over Real-Time publish-subscribe based middleware. We propose and develop an unequal layer protection mechanism for Real-Time video streaming based on the Data Distribution Service (DDS) middleware. A combination of video quality of service (QoS) is proposed to adapt the video transmission to the time-varying network changes. The performance of Real-Time video streaming is measured over IEEE 802.11 g WLAN network. The results show a graceful degradation of video quality while maintaining a robust video streaming free of visible error or interruptions. This is due to the intentionally dropping of some enhancement video stream layers in order to protect lower layers, and therefore maintain a continuous video flow of acceptable quality. Numerical results indicate that the proposed scheme is able to achieve higher throughput and improve the average received video quality especially in a large number of video subscribers.

MIDDLEWARE-BASED LOAD BALANCING FOR COMMUNICATING JAVA OBJECTS

In the context of heterogeneous networks, like clusters of workstations, the design of programming and execution environments aims to automatically adapt execution to fluctuations that may appear in the execution of distributed and parallel Java applications. ADAJ, Adaptive Distributed Applications in Java, addresses this problem, dealing with both parallelism and distribution features. Ease of programming is achieved through an object and method parallelism paradigm. The trade-off between transparency of such a parallelism expression and efficiency is solved by application redeployment, meant to maintain a good performance level. This is the purpose of the load balancing in ADAJ, a dynamic and transparent tool at the middleware level, which exploits information issued from observation of the application, in order to consider both object activity and communication patterns. Communications generate attraction relations between objects and this article presents the evaluation of the load balancing mechanism for a type of asynchronous applications in which the communication aspect is important.

An Investigation into Access Control in Various Types of Operating Systems

Access control is a security aspect whose importancy increases with technology advances as it forms the core of any security system. Access control can be applied at the operating system (OS) level, middle-ware level, or the application level. The objective of this investigation is to give a detailed overview of access control mechanisms implemented in various types of OSs like general purpose OSs, mobile OSs and distributed OSs. Finally, the paper outlines the main problems and challenges of access control, and proposes future directions in the access control field of research.

A Design for Fault-Tolerant Communication Middleware Based on Time-Triggered

Against to the unsustainable problems of health diagnosis, fault location and fault tolerance mechanisms that existing in the current avionics applications, we proposed a fault-tolerant communication middleware which is based on time-triggered in this paper. This middleware is designed to provide a support platform for applications of the real-time based on communication middleware. From the communication middleware level and also combined with time-triggered mechanism and fault-tolerant strategy, it diagnoses the general faults first, and then routes them to the appropriate fault mechanism to process it. So the middleware completely separates fault-tolerant process from the application software functions.

HAUTO: Automated composition of convergent services based in HTN planning

This paper presents HAUTO, a framework able to compose convergent services automatically. HAUTO is based in HTN (hierarchical task networks) Automated Planning and is composed of three modules: a request processing module that transforms natural language and context information into a planning instance, the automated composition module based on HTN planning and the execution environment for convergent (Web and telecom) services. The integration of a planning component provides two basic functionalities: the possibility of customizing the composition of services using the user context information and a middleware level that integrates the execution of services in high performance telecom environments. Finally, a prototype in environmental early warning management is presented as a test case.

On the replacement of objects from round-based applications over heterogeneous environments

In recent years, there has been growing support for more tightly coupled applications regarding heterogeneous resources. A specific way of obtaining better performance in such applications is to consider the replacement of execution entities by newer resources during the application's lifetime. Therefore, this article describes the rationale for developing jMigBSP, which is a Java programming library that offers object rescheduling for round-based applications. In this context, the proposal addresses Bulk Synchronous Parallel BSP applications because BSP represents one of the most often used models for writing tightly coupled parallel programs. jMigBSP's main contribution examines the rescheduling facility in two different ways: i using migration directives in the application code directly; and ii through automatic load balancing at the middleware level. Specifically, this second idea is feasible because of Java's inheritance feature, which transforms a simple jMigBSP application into a migratable one by changing only a single line of code. In addition to the description of jMigBSP, this article emphasizes the benefits of using migration over heterogeneous environments by executing scientific applications. The results indicate gains of up to 56% with object rescheduling and support the feasibility of using migration as a load balancing technique. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.