Middle School Graduates Research Articles

Lifestyle and risk of developing myopia in school children in Chongqing, China.

Myopia has emerged as a leading global reason for poor vision in children and adolescents. this study aims to investigate the influence of lifestyles on myopia in schoolchildren in Chongqing, China. This cross-sectional study was conducted on primary and junior high school graduates in Chongqing City, China. Students who came to the assigned hospital for the physical examination of their upgrade school enrollment were recruited. In addition to regular examination and eyeusing questionnaire, visual acuity and non-cycloplegic autorefraction were measured. Of all 1806 eligible students, 1,623 students (89.87%) were included in the analysis. The prevalence of myopia in elementary and junior middle school graduates was 73.1 and 81.8%, respectively. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, 1 h more homework (OR = 1.272, p = 0.032), attending out-school courses (OR = 1.973, p = 0.006), frequently checking of eyes (OR = 1.337, p = 0.015) and using eye-protecting lamp (OR = 2.528, p < 0.001) were more likely to be associated with myopia (p < 0.05). While 1 h more outdoor activity in weekday (OR = 0.811, p = 0.033) and weekend (OR = 0.796, p = 0.034) were less likely to have myopia. The current prevalence of myopia among elementary and junior high school students in Chongqing is high. Academic pressures, bad habits of using eyes, and limited time for outdoor activity mainly contribute to the epidemic of myopia. Various policies in and out of schools related to reducing academic pressures, increasing outdoor activities, and improving eye habits may help control the prevalence of myopia in teenagers.

Sixteen-Year Secular Trends in Sleep Duration Among Korean Children and Adolescents

Objective: This study aimed to analyze trends in adolescent sleep duration over a 16-year period according to sex, educational level, residential area, and obesity.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from the 2007–2022 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Total sleep duration was measured using a self-administered questionnaire, and a survey-weighted linear regression analysis, considering the survey year as a continuous variable, was performed to examine the trend. Total sleep duration trends were also analyzed across subgroups categorized according to sex, educational level, residential area, and obesity level.Results: Total sleep duration showed an overall increasing trend in boys (coefficient=0.027, ptrend&lt;0.001), but no substantial trend was observed in girls (coefficient=0.002, ptrend=0.816). In the residential area-specific analyses, total sleep duration increased only in boys whose residential areas were urban (coefficient=0.017, ptrend&lt;0.001). When classified by educational level, statistically significant increases in total sleep duration were observed among elementary school graduates or less (coefficient=0.018, ptrend=0.001) and middle school graduates (coefficient=0.015, ptrend=0.015). Depending on the obesity level, total sleep duration increased in normal-weight and overweight boys (normal weight: coefficient=0.014, ptrend=0.003; overweight: coefficient=0.038, ptrend=0.025).Conclusion: This study found increasing or stable trends in sleep duration among adolescents aged 13 to 18 in Korea, with variations observed across subgroups based on sex, residential area, educational level, and obesity status.

Socioeconomic profile of families with spina bifida children in Turkey

BackgroundSpina bifida’s prevalence and incidence vary across geographical regions with sociodemographic characteristics and socioeconomic status of the populations having a significate influence over its epidemiology. This study aimed to outline the socioeconomic profile of families with spina bifida children, based on sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsBetween August and December 2022, 86 surveys completed by parents of children that underwent spina bifida repair in our institution were included in this analysis. The first part of the survey included questions based on sociodemographic characteristics. The second part of the survey was based on care provided by the families, regular follow-ups, participation in rehabilitation programs, and type of burdens perceived by the caregivers.ResultsA close look at the highest level of parent education showed that more than half of them were only middle school graduates. Occupational status in the perioconceptional period revealed that 77% of mothers were housewives/unemployed. 23% had a history of induced or spontaneous abortion. A high number of consanguine marriages were registered with 58% of the subjects being biologically related. 53% of the spina bifida children came from families with low household income. Only 15% of the spina bifida children had access to physiotherapy and 18% to rehabilitation programs.ConclusionsChildren with spinal dysraphism were more likely to come from families resulted from consanguineous marriages, with at least two children, low level of parent education and household income. Emotional and financial burden perceived by caregivers should be addressed in order to diminish the numerous challenges that this group of families encounter.

Education and interest in environmental issues in Turkey: Evidence from a compulsory schooling law

ABSTRACT Given the significant impact of individual attitudes in coping with environmental problems, understanding the effects of socioeconomic factors such as education on these attitudes is critical. Utilizing the exogenous variation in educational attainment created by the 1997 education reform in Turkey, I investigate the causal effect of education on individuals’ interest in environmental issues. I apply the fuzzy regression discontinuity design using data from Turkey’s Life Satisfaction Survey. The research provides an insight into the effects of the reform on the schooling behaviour of lower socioeconomic strata. The results indicate that the increase in the proportion of middle school graduates has not changed the interest in environmental issues for men and women in lower socioeconomic positions. The increased likelihood of this group’s exposure to environmental problems, coupled with their reduced capacity to protect themselves, may stimulate interest in environmental issues independent of the effect of education. Furthermore, the increase in economic activities harmful to the environment and the increase in public discourse on environmental issues may also stimulate environmental interest. Since education does not seem to affect environmental interest, targeted policies such as incorporating environmental education into the curriculum may be necessary to enhance environmental interest.

Is there a sexual difference in the relationship between sociodemographic information and the unmet dental care needs of disabled adults? An analysis from a national survey on persons with disabilities

BackgroundHealth status and health care utilization in people with disabilities are more likely to be poorer than those without disabilities. Previous studies showed that there were gaps in health-related conditions by sociodemographic information and gender but the association between these factors was not explained. This study aims to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic information and the unmet dental care needs of people with disabilities and explore the effect of sex within this relationship.MethodsThe 2014 national survey on persons with disabilities was used, which separated unmet healthcare needs into medical and dental services. Unweighted samples included 6,824 people with disabilities in total and 6,555 (96.1% of the total, weighted as 6,583) people aged 20 years or older were selected as the study population. Frequency and chi-square tests were conducted to determine differences in the prevalence of unmet dental needs based on socioeconomic information, chronic diseases, and behavioral factors after applying weights. Logistic regressions were performed using an adjusted model with sociodemographic information, chronic diseases, and behavioral variables. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA).ResultsAnalysis of the sociodemographic factors related to unmet dental care revealed that they were higher in women and the elderly. In the fully adjusted logistic model, most of the sociodemographic information was significantly associated with unmet dental needs. The lowest group was 4.18 times more likely to have unmet dental care needs than the richest group, and females and middle-school graduates were almost twice as likely to experience unmet dental care needs than males and university graduates. Considering the interaction effect of age on unmet dental needs depending on sex differences, the odds ratio decreased for females with every annual increase in both models. Compared with the younger group, the older group showed a lower risk of having unmet dental needs, especially in females.ConclusionsThe factor most closely related to the unmet dental care needs of disabled people was socioeconomic problems. Its influence also differed by sex and age. Therefore, economic support measures and sexual differences are needed for long-term policy consideration to reduce the unmet dental care needs of disabled people.

Quality of life in parents of Turkish and Syrian pediatric bone marrow transplant and oncology patients.

The success of the treatment depends on the well-being of the parents in pediatric cancer patients. In addition, migrants need to deal with the consequences of war. Our purpose was to compare the HRQoL of parents of Syrian and Turkish children followed in our bone marrow transplant and oncology units. One hundred SF 36 questionnaires, fifty from each group were collected between October 2019 and March 2020 in this cross-sectional study. Demographic characteristics of the patients (sex, age, cancer type, presence of relapse, duration of follow-up) and education level of parents were recorded. Analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.0. Turkish parents reported better results in physical functioning, emotional well-being, physical pain, general health, and physical health composite score (P < 0.05). There were more fathers in the Syrian group and education status was significant between the two groups (P = 0.01, P = 0.001, respectively). There was no correlation between QoL and education levels in the Turkish group. In Syrian parents, pain score was high in middle school graduates (P = 0.043). In the presence of relapse, although the physical function score decreased, the physical role function score increased in Turkish parents (P = 0.0035, P = 0.005, respectively). Syrian parents' emotional role function and energy/fatigue score were both increased when children had relapses (P = 0.027for both). Migration is a complex issue. Turkish parents were better in physical functioning, emotional well-being, physical pain, general health, and physical health composite score. Screening for parental burden, assisting them to find appropriate support services is essential in improving the health and QoL of both our patients and their parents.

Correction to: Middle School Graduates’ Understandings of Scientific Inquiry and Its Relation to Academic Achievement

Correction to: Middle School Graduates’ Understandings of Scientific Inquiry and Its Relation to Academic Achievement

Opportunity of higher education and the choice of high schools

This research uses CHIP(China Household Income Project) data of 2018 to examine the impact of higher education opportunities on the middle school graduates’ choice between academic and vocational high schools. The findings indicate that a higher university quota at the provincial level increases the likelihood of middle school graduates choosing an academic high school, and the probability of choosing a vocational high school is negatively correlated with elite university opportunities in urban China. These results suggest that spatial differences in opportunities of higher education significantly influence the type of human capital investment at the high school stage in China.

Factors affecting job satisfaction and employee performance: a case study in an Indonesian sharia property companies

PurposeThis study aimed to discover the factors affecting employee performance by testing the relationship of change management, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and leadership style on employee performance in Indonesian sharia property companies.Design/methodology/approachThe study population was all members of “Sharia Property Developer” (DPS) across Indonesia with criteria of having subordinates at least one person and is listed as a DPS member. The samples used were 71 people from the 200 members of DPS across Indonesia. The sampling method used was based on R2 value and significance level with an 80% statistical strength. Data analysis was carried out using smartPLS software to test the relationship of change management, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and leadership style on employee performance.FindingsThe utilization of SEM in Smart PLS for change management with the ADKAR method had a negative value of 6.2% in affecting employee performance and 4.6% in affecting job satisfaction. Job satisfaction insignificantly affected employee performance by 7.5%. Leadership style and organizational commitment positively affected performance by 57.9% and 25.6%, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThis study did not limit respondents’ education levels. Twenty percent of respondents were middle and high school graduates. Respondent’s position was mostly the highest leader in the company by 58%. Indicators in the ADKAR model did not implement the construct validity test since the researchers did not find precedent studies that discuss the indicators of the ADKAR model in detail.Practical implicationsFactors that positively and significantly affected employee performance can be used to plan employee performance of DPS member companies.Social implicationsThe company must create a program to produce meaning in working, shape leaders to have discipline by putting appropriate employees as leaders.Originality/valueThis study used change management, organizational commitment, job satisfaction and leadership style as exogenous variables, job satisfaction and leadership style as intervening variables. The study model modified the previous study regarding employee performance improvement because it utilized the change management with the ADKAR model. The study objects were sharia property companies, where the researchers did not find previous studies discussing employee performance in sharia property companies.

Middle School Graduates' Understandings of Scientific Inquiry and Its Relation to Academic Achievement.

There are conflicting reports not only on the effect of scientific inquiry on academic achievement but also insufficient evidence on the relationship between understanding the nature of scientific inquiry and academic achievement; more generalizable studies are needed. The purpose of this large sampled study was to investigate the middle school graduates' understandings of scientific inquiry (SI) and the relationship between students' understandings of SI and academic achievement. The sample of the study (X = 3067) was selected by purposeful and layered-sampling techniques among ninth grade students studying at high schools with different orientations in Istanbul. Descriptive and inferential statistical approaches were used in the data analysis procedure. The students' academic achievement was operationally defined as the scores they received in the High School Entrance Exam (HEE). Views about scientific inquiry scale was applied to determine the participants' understandings about scientific inquiry. The data were collected in the first 2weeks of the first semester of high school in accordance with the purpose of the study. The results of the study revealed that middle school graduates generally do not have adequate understandings of SI. Furthermore, according to the findings except for the "conclusion data conformity" aspect, there are statistically significant correlations between students' academic achievement and understandings in all aspects of SI.

Comparison of Obesity Prevalence among Middle and High School Graduates before and after the COVID-19 Lockdown

Comparison of Obesity Prevalence among Middle and High School Graduates before and after the COVID-19 Lockdown

Changes in Smoking Habits in Greece During the Lockdown Measures Due to COVID-19.

During lockdown, people are experiencing higher than usual levels of stress related to social isolation, employment, and finances that may result in lifestyle changes. Here, we aim to assess whether smoking habits changed during the lockdown measures due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For the purpose of the survey, an online questionnaire was distributed from the tenth of April to the second of May 2020, among a Greek population, by using an online platform. Two hundred smokers/vapers participated in the present survey (62.5% women, 44% of 36-45years, 29% of 16-55years, 15.5% 26-35years). The daily number of cigarettes smoked before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic is 15.06±9.84, while during the restrictive measures due to COVID-19, the daily number of cigarettes smoked is 14.52±10.13 (p>0.05). Vapers consumed an average of 0.54±2.43mL vapor per day before the COVID-19 pandemic and 0.61±2.81mL during lockdown. Males smoked more cigarettes per day before (16.31±11.87) and during the lockdown (15.33±12.17) versus females (14.30±8.36) and 14.04±8.70, respectively) (p>0.05 for both genders). Before versus during the restrictive measures, subjects that were primary school graduates smoked more cigarettes per day (28.00±9.09 and 27.50±9.57, respectively), followed by subjects that were high school graduates (16.90±9.33 and 15.97±9.50, respectively), university graduates (14.17±10.14 and 13.93±10.66, respectively), postgraduates (12.96±9.52 and 12.25±9.90, respectively) and middle school graduates (12.89±8.22 and 14.22±7.93, respectively).The self-reported reason for the change in the mL vaporized and the cigarettes smoked are confinement at home (36.3%), stress about COVID-19 (34.09%), free time (20.45%), boredom (4.54%), stress about the work status (2.27%), and participation in online lucky games (2.27%). We did not observe significant differences in the daily consumption of smoke/vaping during the lockdown measures. More studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of the pandemic in smoking habits.

대학 진학에 대한 경기도 혁신학교 재학 경험의 누적효과 분석

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of attending Gyeonggi-do innovation school on college entrance and academic achievement. In particular, the analysis is conducted using the inverse probability of treatment weighting of propensity score to empirically verify the longitudinal effect of the innovation school attendance experience and whether additional effects occur through the linkage of innovation education. As a result of the analysis, the experience of attending an innovation high school has a positive effect on college entrance, the probability of entering a four-year university, while the difference between general middle school graduates and innovation middle school graduates on college entrance is not significant. The interaction between innovation middle school and innovation high school on the location of the university and the university ranking is significant, indicating that the linkage of innovation education is advantageous for college entrance. On the other hand, there is no difference in CSAT scores between general school graduates and innovation school graduates. These results show that Gyeonggi-do innovation high school has a positive effect on college entrance of its students. In particular, it is confirmed that the positive effect is amplified when both middle and high schools are in innovative education. Also among innovation high school graduates, those from general middle schools shows disadvantageous college entrance results while those from innovation middle schools shows favorable results. This result shows the necessity of linking innovative education from middle school level to high school level.

Employee Job Satisfaction at SMEs

This study is intended to explain how job satisfaction on UD Bumbu Masak Machmudah, Sidoarjo. In this research, the writer uses descriptive quantitative method using a single variable. The number of samples in this study were 135 respondents. The respondents in this study were all UD. Bumbu Masak Machmudah The sampling technique in this study used a saturated sampling technique to obtain research data. In collecting data, the authors distributed questionnaires to respondents and also interviews. In proving and analyzing this, validity and reliability tests, descriptive tests, and Crosstabs tests are used. The test results show that 17.8% of which 24 employees prove that employee job satisfaction is high, and the highest aspect of job satisfaction is the compensation aspect, which is 15.2%. And there is no difference between the job satisfaction of male and female employees and there is a difference between job satisfaction for employees with elementary, middle, and high school graduates.

일 지역사회 보건의료요구 및 보건소 서비스 만족도

This study was conducted to identify residents’ health care needs and satisfaction with public health center services in a community. Data were collected from 682 adults from June 20 to August 10, 2022 and analyzed with frequency analysis, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, scheffé test, pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis, using IBM SPSS WIN 25.0 program. As a result, 86.8% of subjects had experience in public health care services, and ‘infectious disease prevention and management’ was the most frequently used service. Satisfaction was the highest in ‘mental health’, and the most needed service was ‘emergency medical system’. Residents over 60 years old, middle school graduates or below, unemployed or employed in primary industry, living in the community for more than 30 years, and living in rural areas were most satisfied with public health center services. There were statistically significant correlations between health status and economic status, and between health status and experiences with public health care services. Variables affecting satisfaction with public health center services were occupation, peoriod of residence and experiences with public health center services. In conclusion, public health center should reflect residents’ health care needs on regional health care plan.

Predictors of happiness in middle-aged adults: a secondary data analysis of the 8th Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES VIII-1) 2019

This is a secondary analysis study using raw data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019), which identified the factors affecting the happiness of middle-aged adults. The data of the 1,862 subjects from the said survey were analyzed. Complex sample cross-analysis and complex sample logistic regression were performed on middle-aged adults. Studies have shown statistically significant differences in education level, marital status, household income quintile, economic activity, smoking, sleep time, subjective health awareness, and stress awareness. Education level, smoking, subjective health awareness, and stress awareness were found to be factors affecting the happiness of middle-aged adults. Compared to the poor health groups, happiness was 3.41 and 3.20 times higher in the good and usual health groups, respectively. The group that felt less stress was 6.15 times happier than the group that felt more stress. The happiness of elementary, middle school, and high school graduates was 0.16, 0.72, and 0.47 times lower, in this order, than that of college graduates and above. Smokers’ level of happiness was 0.29 times lower than non-smokers.

Changes in Physical Activity Compared to the Situation before the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Korea.

The purpose of this study is to examine changes in physical activity in Korean society, after the outbreak of COVID-19. Method This study was conducted using the Korean Community Health Survey conducted in 2019 and 2020. Subjects that have been diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes were excluded; a total of 355,914 cases were involved for analysis. In terms of the analysis method, General Linear Model (GLM) was conducted to examine the changes in physical activities in 2019 and 2020 depending on the presence of a spouse, educational status, and economic activities. In addition, the GLM was adopted to divide the subjects by gender and age, and analyze their physical activity changes in 2019 and 2020 with spouse presence, educational status, and economic activities as adjusted variables. Result In terms of Koreans, those without a spouse, high educational attainment, and economically inactive were less engaged in physical activities. Differences were found in subjects regarding moderate-intensity physical activities after social distancing following the spread of COVID-19. Senior females without a spouse, both males and females with low educational attainment, economically inactive adult females, and economically active senior males showed a greater drop in physical activities. For walking hours, both adult males and females without a spouse, adult females with all educational attainment level excluding elementary and middle school graduates, and economically inactive adult males and females also showed a downward trend. Conclusion The study recommends that people develop a strategy to increase their post-outbreak physical activity, taking into account the sociodemographic.

EVALUATION OF AWARENESS AND CONCERN LEVELS ABOUT COVID-19 PANDEMIC OF PATIENTS WHO ADMIT TO THE FACULTY OF DENTISTRY

In this research, it was aimed to evaluate the awareness and concerns of patients applying to the faculty of dentistry about the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine their thoughts and concerns about dental treatment during the pandemic period. The questionnaire included questions about personal demographic characteristics, concern, awareness and knowledge level related to COVID-19 disease, and also questioned their need for oral and dental health services and to what extent these needs were met. This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 517 patients. Of the patients, 44.9% knew both the symptoms of COVID-19 and prevention methods of COVID-19. The level of knowledge was higher in; females (64.7%) than males (35.3%), university graduates (57.3%) than middle and high school graduates. Those who were concerned about getting coronavirus had a significantly higher rate of hesitation about coming to dental treatment during this period compared to those who were not concerned (p&amp;lt;0.05). The majority of patients believed that the healthcare facility could prevent coronavirus transmission and 80.5% thought they could be infected from other patients in the waiting room. This study provides us important information about access to safe oral dental health services and the awareness and concern of dental patients.

TRAİNİNG AND SOCİO-ECONOMİCAL STATUS OF OTRHOPEDİC MEDİCAL COMPANY STAFF

Objective: By participating in most orthopedic surgery, the positions, trainings and demographic features of Orthopedic Implant Providers, which helps physician in the specifications and practices of the implants was investigated.&#x0D; &#x0D; Material and Methods: : In the study, 90 Orthopedic Implant Providers (Medics) included in &#x0D; Turkey's different regions. Age, education, working times and socioeconomic situations were &#x0D; questioned.&#x0D; Findings: In this study, the average age of 90 company employees was 31.4 years (19-48 years) and the avarage of vocational time was 9.7 years (1-25 years). When the educational status of employees were examined; high school graduates were 70% (1.4% health vocational high school), middle school graduates were 12.2%, and college and / or faculty graduates were 17.8%. It has been observed that 70% of orthopedic medical personnel have not received any courses and training related to health apart from that they have certified with electronic examination from the Ministry of Health. &#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: : It is a fact that everyone who participate to a surgical operation is both legally and &#x0D; socially responsible to the operated patient. However, it is very difficult to expect for high level &#x0D; responsibility for ethic and health and health care that works with the certificate that has not received &#x0D; an education in the field of health or with the certificate earned by health-related electronic &#x0D; examination We believe that stakeholders providing health care in this regard should establish a &#x0D; standard of work on this group in terms of patient, physician and public wellbeing.

School Choice in Guangzhou: Why High-Scoring Students Are Protected?

Each year, millions of middle school graduates in China take a standardized test and compete for high school positions. Unlike other cities, Guangzhou still uses the immediate acceptance mechanism but implements a policy that students in the high-scoring group receive their allocations before those in the low-scoring group. In this paper, we study a class of the Guangzhou mechanisms, including the immediate acceptance (IA) and the serial dictatorship (SD) mechanism. We show that, if a collection of groups is refined by splitting its groups into a larger number of smaller subgroups, then the Guangzhou mechanism will perform more stably and less manipulable than before. This result provides a tool for policy makers to improve the allocation outcome of the IA mechanism under homogeneous priorities and justifies the use of a high-scoring student protection policy in Guangzhou’s high school admission.