Background: Policy makers need to be rapidly informed about the potential equity consequences of different COVID-19 strategies, alongside their broader health and economic impacts. While there are complex models to inform both potential health and macro-economic impact, there are few tools available to rapidly assess potential equity impacts of interventions.Methods: We created an economic model to simulate the impact of lockdown measures in Pakistan, Georgia, Chile, United Kingdom, Philippines, and South Africa. We consider impact of lockdown in terms of inability to socially distance, and income loss during lockdown, and tested the impact of assumptions on social protection coverage in a scenario analysis.Findings: In all examined countries, lower socioeconomic quintiles were likely to experience disproportionately more income loss and greater inability to socially distance during lockdown. Improving social protection increased the percentage of the workforce able to socially distance from 40% (30% Chile - 55% UK) to 60% (57% Chile - 67% UK). We estimate the cost of this social protection would be equivalent to an average of 0.5% GDP.Interpretation: We illustrate the potential for using publicly available data to rapidly assess the equity implications of social protection and non-pharmaceutical intervention policy. We highlight potential for social protection to mitigate inequitable health and economic impacts of lockdown. Although social protection is usually targeted to the poorest, middle quintiles will likely also need support as they suffer the worst income losses and are disproportionately more exposed.Funding: This work was supported by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Wellcome [grant number 221303/Z/20/Z].Declaration of Interests: We declare no competing interests.