Middle Phalanx Of Third Finger Research Articles

Estimation of Serum Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein in the Assessment of Pubertal Growth Spurt in Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Subjects.

Introduction: Accurate measurement of skeletal maturity is critical to the optimal treatment timing of skeletal jaw discrepancies. Skeletal maturity can be assessed by several radiologic biologic indicators such as orthopantomograph, middle phalanx of third finger (MP3), hand-wrist radiograph and cervical vertebral maturation indicators (CVMI), but since they are highly subjective techniques to identify peak mandibular growth, a quest for a reliable non-radiologic biologic marker was deemed necessary. Parathyroid Hormone related Protein (PTHrP) was chosen to assess the skeletal maturity as its evidence was scarce in literature. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 80 skeletal Class II malocclusion subjects, males (n= 38), females (n=42), aged 11–18 years. The cervical stage of each subject was assessed with a lateral cephalogram. Two mL blood was obtained by venipuncture. Serum PTHrP was quantitatively assessed by ELISA-Sandwich principle using Elabscience, ELISA kit. Results: Mean PTHrP serum levels in males witnessed an increase in CS3 & in females in CS2 followed by CS5, exhibiting a pubertal trend in males and a pre-pubertal trend in females. Mean PTHrP serum levels in the four intervals of cervical staging showed an increase in CS2 through to CS4 in males and in CS2-CS3 in females, showing an increase of this biomarker in the pre and pubertal stages in both the sexes. Conclusions: PTHrP mean serum levels was found to be increased in early rather than in the later stages of puberty in both males and females leading to the speculation that PTHrP could serve as a potential biomarker to assess the pubertal growth spurt.

Reliability of maxillary canine calcification stages and salivary alkaline phosphatase for pubertal growth prediction (cross-sectional study)

Orthodontic growth estimation for growing individuals is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning, essentially in managing cases with skeletal growth defects. Research has revealed a substantial correlation between tooth calcification stages and skeletal maturity. Also, many biomarkers have been investigated as maturity indicators, and studies show promising results. Therefore, the present research assessed if salivary alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level and maxillary canine calcification stages with developmental stages of modified middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3) are reliable skeletal maturity indicators. No previous study conducted the reliability of both canine calcification stages and ALP level as skeletal maturity indicators. In this prospective observational study with a cross-sectional design, 80 subjects aged 8- 16 years were selected. Unstimulated saliva to assess ALP, periapical radiographs for the maxillary canine to assess the dental calcification by relying on the Dermirjian's stages, and periapical radiographs for the middle phalanx of the third finger region were taken from 80 individuals (from eight to sixteen years old) to assess the skeletal maturation state. The data were analyzed using the statistical package of social science (SPSS version 26), using the Spearmen correlation test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The maxillary canine's calcification stages and MP3 stages showed a significant correlation coefficient; however, the correlation coefficient of MP3 stages and maxillary canine calcification stages with salivary ALP was non-significant. The maxillary canine calcification stages can practically be utilized as an indicator for assessing skeletal maturity, but the salivary ALP level showed no correlation with skeletal maturity indicators. Keywords: Skeletal maturity indicator; Canine calcification stages; Alkaline phosphatase; Middle phalanx of third finger.

CORRELATION OF SKELETAL MATURATION STAGES OF MP3 WITH ONSET OF MENARCHE AMONGST RURAL AND URBAN SCHOOL GIRLS

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and correlate skeletal maturation stages of Middle phalanx of third finger (MP3) with the onset of menarche in rural and urban school girls. Materials and methods: 100 urban school girls and 100 rural school girls were randomly selected comprising of 50 menarche unattained girls and 50 menarche attained girls respectively for each group. For each subject, radiographs of middle phalanx of middle finger and record about onset of menarche were taken after every three months for a total duration of one and half year comprising a total of 6 visits. Results: The results showed onset of menarche at HI MP3 stage for 50%, HMP3 stage for 47.5% and GMP3 stage for 2.5% in rural girls (subgroup D2) whereas onset of menarche was at HMP3 stage for 41.6%, HI MP3 stage for 50% and GMP3 stage for 8.33% in urban girls (subgroup B2). No significant difference in the MP3 skeletal stage distribution of two groups was seen after applying Chi-square test (P>0.05). The mean menarche attaining age of the rural girls was 12.6±.84 years and urban girls was 11.8±.79 years. Conclusions: The correlation between MP3 skeletal maturation and onset of menarche, established the onset of menarche at H and HI stage for both rural and urban school girls. The results show earlier mean menarche-attaining age for urban girls than rural girls

Tooth mineralization stages as a diagnostic tool for assessment of skeletal maturity

The objective of this study was to determine whether dental calcification can be used as a first-level diagnostic tool for assessment of skeletal maturity. A total of 150 healthy subjects (79 boys, 71 girls; mean age, 12.19 ± 2.03 years; range, 8-16 years) were enrolled in the study. Dental maturity was assessed through the calcification stages from panoramic radiographs of the mandibular canine, the first and second premolars, and the second molar. Determination of skeletal maturity was according to the modified middle phalanx of third finger (MP3) stages method on digital radiographs. Diagnostic ability was evaluated according to the dental maturation stages for each tooth for identification of the MP3 stages and the growth phases (prepubertal, pubertal, postpubertal) using positive likelihood ratios. Dental maturation stage E of the first premolars and the combination of canine stage F, first premolar stage E, second premolar stage E, and second molar stage D (FEED) gave the highest values for identification of the prepubertal growth phase, and stage H of the second molar had the highest value for identification of the postpubertal growth phase. Dental maturation assessment is only useful for diagnosis of the prepubertal and postpubertal growth phases.

Correlation of Improved Version of Cervical Vertebral Maturation Indicator with Other Growth Maturity Indicators

Objective : The assessment of skeletal maturation is of prime importance in diagnosis, treatment planning and retention after orthodontic treatment. This study was contemplated to find the correlation of improved version (CVMS) with older version (CVMI) of cervical vertebral maturation indicator and to correlate both these methods to stages of ossification of middle phalanx of third finger (MP3) and calcification stages of mandibular canine. Materials and methods: The radiographs of 80 healthy children (40 males and 40 females) between the age group of 10 and 15 years were taken to assess the CVMS and CVMI stages using lateral cephalogram, stages of MP3 and the stages of development of mandibular right canine using dental (IOPA) X-ray film. Skeletal maturation was assessed from MP3, CVMS, CVMI and dental maturation was determined by Demirjian method. Results: Overall, high significant correlation was found between CVMI and CVMS (r = 0.994) and lowest significant correlation was found between CVMS and DeMI (r = 0.653). Association between CVMS and CVMI indicated that stages 1, 2, 3 of CVMI correlated directly with CVMS 1, 2, 3; stages 4/5 of CVMI correlated with stage 4 of CVMS, and stage 6 of CVMI with stage 5 of CVMS. Conclusion: The correlation between middle phalanx of 3rd finger (MP3) and cervical vertebral maturation method (CVMI and CVMS) was higher as compared to the correlation of either of the cervical vertebral maturation method or MP3 with dental maturation indicator.

Assessment of skeletal age using MP 3 and hand-wrist radiographs and its correlation with dental and chronological ages in children

The purpose of the study was to assess skeletal age using MP3 and hand-wrist radiographs and to find the correlation amongst the skeletal, dental and chronological ages. One hundred and sixty North-Indian healthy children in the age group 8-14 years, comprising equal number of males and females were included in the study. The children were radiographed for middle phalanx of third finger (MP3) and hand-wrist of the right hand and intra oral periapical X-ray for right permanent maxillary canine. Skeletal age was assessed from MP3 and hand-wrist radiographs according to the standards of Greulich and Pyle. The dental age was assessed from IOPA radiographs of right permanent maxillary canine based on Nolla's calcification stages. Skeletal age from MP3 and hand-wrist radiographs shows high correlation in all the age groups for both sexes. Females were advanced in skeletal maturation than males. Skeletal age showed high correlation with dental age in 12-14 years age group. Chronological age showed inconsistent correlation with dental and skeletal ages.

Assessment of room temperature influence on finger blood flow response induced by short-term grasping of vibrating handle

To investigate the influence of room temperature on finger blood flow (FBF) change in healthy subjects exposed to short-term grasping of a vibrating handle under different room temperatures. FBF was measured using a blood flowmeter in six male subjects on the dorsum of the middle phalanx of third finger in both hands once at the end of every minute for an equal duration of 5 min at pre-exposure, during exposure to grasping of vibrating handle with sinusoidal vibration and after exposure. Vibration was generated with a frequency of 125 Hz and an rms acceleration of 40 m/s(2). Measurements were conducted in four room temperatures of 15+/-1, 20+/-1, 25+/-1 and 30+/-1 degrees C. Compared with the baseline measurements in the exposed hand during grasping of vibrating handle most significant increase in FBF was observed at 15+/-1 degrees C (P<0.001) and least at 30+/-1 degrees C (P<0.05), and after vibration least significant FBF was found at 25+/-1 degrees C (P<0.05). In case of the unexposed hand significant increase in FBF was exhibited at 20+/-1 degrees C (P<0.01) and 30+/-1 degrees C (P<0.01) during vibration, and only at 15+/-1 degrees C (P<0.05) after vibration. Response in FBF due to grasping of vibrating handle was of different patterns from the baseline measurement under different room temperature conditions in both exposed and unexposed hands and it was influenced by room temperature. Overall, the influence was greater at lower test room temperature, inducing more significant increase in FBF.