Mid-season Maturity Research Articles

Registration of ‘AuSable’ navy bean

Abstract‘AuSable’ (Reg. no. CV‐358, PI 705150) navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch was released in 2023 as an early‐mid season, disease‐resistant, upright, short‐vine bean cultivar with excellent dry down. AuSable was developed with the pedigree breeding method to the F4 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In 6 years of field trials, AuSable yielded 3073 kg ha−1, flowered in 46 days, and matured in 95 days on average. Plants averaged 45 cm in height, with a lodging resistance score of 1.7 and seed size of 22 g 100 seed−1. AuSable combines high yield potential with early midseason maturity in a navy bean seed type. AuSable has outyielded ‘Merlin’ by 17% across 6 years and matured 3 days earlier. It exhibits uniform dry down equivalent to ‘Vigilant’ and is well adapted to the intensively managed, narrow row, direct‐harvested production systems where beans are typically grown in Michigan and the Upper Midwest. AuSable possesses resistance to Bean common mosaic virus, is resistant to anthracnose races 7 and 73, has shown moderate tolerance to white mold, and was as tolerant to post emergence damping off caused by Rhizoctonia solani as other navy beans. It is susceptible to common bacterial blight. The seed size of AuSable (22 g 100 seed−1) is most similar to ‘Valiant’ and slightly smaller than ‘Liberty’ (23 g 100 seed−1). Seed of AuSable meets industry standards for packaging and canning quality in the navy bean seed class.

Registration of ‘Coral’ pink bean

Abstract‘Coral’ (Reg. no. CV‐359, PI 705151) pink bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch was released in 2022 as a midseason, disease‐resistant, upright short vine bean cultivar with uniform dry down. Coral was developed with the pedigree breeding method to the F4 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. Coral combines high yield potential with midseason maturity in a pink bean seed type. Over the span of 6 years of field trials, Coral produced an average yield of 3228 kg ha−1, flowered at 46 days, and matured in 97 days. Plants averaged 48 cm in height, with a lodging resistance score of 1.4, and seed size of 42 g 100 seed−1. Notably, Coral has outperformed ‘Rosetta’ by 8% across the 6‐year trial period and reached maturity 1 day earlier. It is well adapted to the intensively managed, narrow‐row, direct‐harvested production systems where beans are typically grown in Michigan and the Upper Midwest. Coral exhibits resistance to Bean common mosaic virus, is susceptible to anthracnose, has shown tolerance to common bacterial blight, and white mold. Additionally, it demonstrated tolerance to root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani similar to Rosetta. Seed size of Coral (42 g 100 seed−1) is larger than Rosetta (37 g 100 seed−1). Seed of Coral meets industry standards for packaging and canning quality in the pink bean seed class.

Registration of ‘Denali’ white kidney bean

Abstract‘Denali’ (Reg. no. CV‐360, PI 705152) white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch, was released in 2022 as a midseason, disease‐resistant, bush bean cultivar with uniform dry down. Denali was developed with the pedigree breeding method to the F4 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In 8 years of field trials across Michigan, Denali yielded 3500 kg ha−1, flowered in 37 d, and matured in 97days on average. Plants averaged 46 cm in height, with a lodging resistance score of 1.3 and seed size of 62 g 100 seed−1. Denali combines high yield potential with midseason maturity in a white kidney seed type. Denali outyielded ‘Beluga’ by 13% years and matured 5 days earlier. It is well adapted to the irrigated production systems on coarse‐textured soils where kidney beans are typically grown in Michigan and the Upper Midwest. Denali is resistant to Bean common mosaic virus and exhibits significantly higher levels of tolerance to root rot than ‘ND Whitetail’. Tolerance to common bacterial blight and white mold exhibited by Denali is comparable with ND Whitetail, ‘Yeti’, and ‘Snowdon’. Denali is susceptible to anthracnose. Seed size of Denali (0.62 g) is slightly smaller than Snowdon (0.69 g) and equivalent to seed produced by other white kidney bean cultivars. Seed of Denali meets industry standards for packaging and canning quality in the white kidney bean seed class.

Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Bacterial Leaf Streak Resistance in Two Elite Barley Breeding Panels.

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused chiefly by the pathogen Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens, is becoming an increasingly important foliar disease of barley in the Upper Midwest. The deployment of resistant cultivars is the most economical and practical method of control. To identify sources of BLS resistance, we evaluated two panels of breeding lines from the University of Minnesota (UMN) and Anheuser-Busch InBev (ABI) barley improvement programs for reaction to strain CIX95 in the field at St.Paul and Crookston, MN, in 2020 and 2021. The percentage of resistant lines in the UMN and ABI panels with mid-season maturity was 1.8% (6 of 333 lines) and 5.2% (13 of 251 lines), respectively. Both panels were genotyped with the barley 50K iSelect SNP array, and then a genome-wide association study was performed. A single, highly significant association was identified for BLS resistance on chromosome 6H in the UMN panel. This association was also identified in the ABI panel. Seven other significant associations were detected in the ABI panel: two each on chromosomes 1H, 2H, and 3H and one on chromosome 5H. Of the eight associations identified in the panels, five were novel. The discovery of resistance in elite breeding lines will hasten the time needed to develop and release a BLS-resistant cultivar.

Using soybean starting material in breeding process

The paper evaluates new promising soybean varieties and their parental forms with high yield, seed quality, and resistance to diseases and the stress conditions of Primorsky kray for a number of traits. The soybean accessions were used in a breeding program for constructing genotypes. Based on the research results, we selected promising soybean varieties characterized by a high yield and a high content of protein and oil in seeds. The yield of varieties Primorskaya 1670 and Primorskaya 1672 exceeded the standard by more than 32.2%. Varieties Primorskaya 1551 and Primorskaya 1674 had a high oil content in seeds – 23.8% and 24.1%, respectively. Variety Primorskaya 1659 was characterized by a high content of protein (41.2%). The parental forms used in the breeding of the new varieties were evaluated for a number of economically important traits. The yield of the starting forms ranged from 0.149 to 0.405 kg/m2. It was determined that 69.5% of the soybean accessions belonged to the group with mid-season maturity. A high content of protein in seeds (> 40.0 %) was detected in varieties of various origin – Primorskaya 13, Hefeng 25, NIISKH 2, XN 4, Arisa, and Kioto; variety NIISKH had a high oil content (24.2%). Varieties NIISKH 6, D 402-HH51, Arisa, NIISKH 5, XN 8, and XN 4 demonstrated a high potential adaptability to stress conditions.

Registration of ‘Stingray CL+’ soft white winter wheat

AbstractSoft white winter (SWW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with the Clearfield Production System technology are an important tool for producers in wheat production regions of Washington State. Paired with the use of the group 2 (Amino Acid Inhibitors/ALS) Beyond (BASF Corporation) herbicide (imazamox), tolerant wheat allows producers options where the current herbicide chemistry has not been adequate to control grass weeds. The objective of this research was to develop a two‐gene Beyond‐tolerant SWW wheat cultivar with improved resistance to the stripe rust pathogen and strawbreaker foot rot, maintains high yield potential across production regions, and has improved end‐use quality. ‘Stingray CL+’ (Reg. no. CV‐1171, PI 691557) SWW wheat was developed and released in March 2019 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. Stingray CL+ was tested under the experimental designations MAS100095‐2‐1‐S10‐1 and WA8275 CL+, assigned through progressive generations of advancement. Stingray CL+ is a two‐gene Beyond‐tolerant semi‐dwarf cultivar adapted for the high rainfall wheat production regions of Washington. Stingray CL+ has high‐temperature adult‐plant resistance to the stripe rust pathogen, is heterogeneous for the Pch1 gene for strawbreaker foot rot, is tolerant to the chemistry of Beyond herbicide, is intermediate in height, has midseason maturity, and has high grain volume weight and grain yield. The end‐use quality properties of Stingray CL+ are acceptable to meet both domestic and export market standards.

Registration of ‘Purl’ soft white winter wheat

AbstractThere are numerous traits that soft white winter (SWW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars require to be successful in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. High yield potential, high grain volume weight, acceptable end‐use quality, winter hardiness, resistance to Cephalosporium stripe, and high falling number are just a few of the desired traits. Although many of these traits are driving factors toward releasing a new cultivar, two traits are essential if a cultivar is to be successful in the Pacific Northwest: stripe rust resistance and strawbreaker foot rot (eyespot) resistance. The objective of this research was to develop a SWW cultivar with improved resistance to current stripe rust races, that carries genes for strawbreaker foot rot resistance, is winter hardy, and has high yield potential in the intermediate (400–500 mm) and high (>500 mm) rainfall regions of eastern Washington. ‘Purl’ (Reg. no. CV‐1166, PI 691558) SWW wheat was developed and released in March 2018 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. Purl was tested under the experimental designations MAS08019‐92‐1‐S‐s and WA8234, which were assigned through progressive generations of advancement. Purl is a semi‐dwarf cultivar adapted to intermediate‐ to high‐rainfall wheat production regions of Washington. Purl has high‐temperature adult‐plant resistance to stripe rust, carries the Pch1 gene for strawbreaker foot rot, is intermediate in height, has midseason maturity, and has high test weight and grain yield potential. Purl has end‐use quality properties similar to those of ‘Stephens’, ‘Puma’, and ‘Madsen’ and is suitable for cookie, cake, and cracker production.

Registration of ‘Jasper’ Soft White Winter Wheat

Many soft white winter (SWW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with high yield potential in the US Pacific Northwest lack adequate resistance to stripe rust or are only adapted to specific regions defined by annual precipitation. The objective of this research was to develop a SWW wheat cultivar with improved resistance to current stripe rust races and high yield potential across a wider range of climates. ‘Jasper’ (Reg. No. CV‐1124, PI 678442) SWW wheat was developed and released in September 2014 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. Jasper was tested under the experimental designations 5J061865‐11 and WA8169, which were assigned through progressive generations of advancement. Jasper is a semidwarf cultivar adapted to intermediate to high rainfall (>300 mm of average annual precipitation) wheat production regions of Washington, with acceptable yield potential in the lower rainfall areas (<300 mm of average annual precipitation). It has high‐temperature, adult‐plant resistance to the current races of stripe rust, is intermediate in height, has midseason maturity, and has an average test weight and high grain yield potential. Jasper has end‐use quality properties similar or superior to those of ‘Stephens’, ‘Puma’, and ‘Otto’.

Study of β-carotene enhancing ‘Or’ gene effects on yield and contributing traits in mid-season Indian cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)

Nature of gene action of EC 625883, an orange curd colour genotype, on yield and contributing traits incauliflower was studied by using five generation model (P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3) in three cross combinations, viz., DC-309 × EC 625883, CC-35 × EC 625883 and DC 18–19 × EC 625883 for ten quantitative traits. The orange curdcolour Or gene donor homozygous line EC 625883 and three divergent recipient mid season (November-January)maturity white curd lines, namely, DC-309, CC-35, and DC 18–19 were involved in hybridization. Generationmean analysis using scaling test indicated that epistasis gene interaction model fitted well for most of the traitsunder study in all the three cross combinations. The complementary type of gene interaction was observed fornumber of days to marketable curd maturity, total plant weight, marketable curd weight and net curd weight. Thepresence of complementary type of interactions and prevalence of high magnitude of non-additive gene effectssuggested exploitation of heterosis breeding for improvement in cauliflower using Or gene for enhancing of β-carotene and micronutrient simultaneously.

Nutrient Composition and Protein Extractability of Oat Forage Harvested at Different Maturity Stages as Compared to Grain

<p>Two oat varieties (CDC Dancer and Lamont) were grown in fields. Plants were harvested at three key stages: seedling (Forage 1), mid-season (Forage 2), and full grain maturity. The mature plants were separated into stover (Forage 3) and Grain. There were differential changes among measured attributes during growth. From seeds to Forage 1, crude protein (CP) and ash contents increased several fold, beta-glucan decreased, starch disappeared, and oil content remained unchanged for both oat varieties examined. As plants grew, CP, ash, oil and beta-glucan decreased, but other carbohydrates increased significantly. The CP content in Forage 1 was 5–fold higher than Forage 3 and 2-fold higher than Grain. Most macro and micro-minerals in forage followed the same changing pattern as ash. Amino acid composition of forage differed significantly from that of Grain. When subjected to aqueous media with a wide range of pH, forage harvested at each stage as well as grain all had their unique protein extractability curves. For forage, the peak value (the maximum extraction) decreased with maturity. Yet, as observed for both varieties, Forage 1 had a peak value half of that from Grain. In conclusion, based on the results from this study, nutrient composition in oat forages harvested at an early stage can be comparable or even superior to oat grains but low protein extractability limits oat forage use as an alternative protein source for non-ruminants.</p>

Registration of ‘Alpena’ Navy Bean

‘Alpena’ navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. No. CV-306, PI 673046), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch, was released in 2014 as an upright, midseason cultivar with uniform dry down and excellent canning quality. Alpena was developed using pedigree breeding method to the F3 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In 3 yr of field trials, Alpena yielded 2886 kg ha−1, flowered in 45 d, and matured in 99 d on average. Plants averaged 55 cm in height, with lodging resistance score of 1.6 and seed weight of 19.2 g 100 seed−1. Alpena combines high yield potential with erect architecture, midseason maturity, and excellent dry down at harvest. Earlier maturity would allow for production in northern region of Michigan where the production season is shorter. Alpena has resistance to lodging and high pod placement within plant structure, making it suitable for direct harvest under narrow-row production systems. The upright architecture also contributes to avoidance of white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary], a disease that is intensified by narrow row production systems. Alpena is susceptible to rust race 22:2 [caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers.) Unger] and is sensitive to strain NL 3 of Bean common mosaic necrosis virus. Alpena produces seed that meets industry standards for packaging and possesses excellent canning quality in the navy bean seed class.

Registration of ‘Puma’ Soft White Winter Wheat

ABSTRACT Resistance to strawbreaker foot rot (caused by Oculimacula yallundae Crous & W. Gams and O. acuformis Crous & W. Gams), stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici iformisEriks.), and Cephalosporium stripe (caused by Cephalosporium gramineum Nisikado and Ikata) are important traits for winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars produced in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The objective of this research was to develop an adapted winter wheat cultivar with effective resistance to these diseases. ‘Puma’ (Reg. No. CV-1097, PI 670038) soft white winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released in August 2013 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. Puma was tested under the experimental designations 5J030731, 5J030731–2, and WA008134, which were assigned through progressive generations of advancement. Puma is a semidwarf cultivar adapted to intermediate to high rainfall (>400 mm of average annual precipitation), unirrigated wheat production regions of Washington. Puma is resistant to strawbreaker foot rot, has high-temperature, adult-plant resistance to the stripe rust pathogen, is tolerant to Cephalosporium stripe, is intermediate in height, has midseason maturity, and has a high test weight and grain yield potential. Puma has end-use quality properties similar or superior to those of ‘Stephens’, ‘Brundage 96’, and ‘Xerpha’.

Registration of ‘Powderhorn’ Great Northern Bean

‘Powderhorn’ great northern bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. No. CV-305, PI 669449), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch, was released in 2013 as an upright, midseason cultivar with tolerance to white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary]. Powderhorn, was developed using pedigree breeding method to the F4 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In five years of field trials, Powderhorn yielded 3044 kg ha−1, flowered in 42 d, and matured in 95 d on average. Plants averaged 50 cm in height, with lodging resistance score of 1.7 and seed weight of 37 g 100 seed−1. Powderhorn combines high yield potential with erect architecture with midseason maturity in a great northern seed type. Powderhorn has resistance to lodging and high pod placement within the plant structure, making it suitable for direct harvest under narrow-row production systems. The upright architecture also contributes to avoidance of white mold, a disease that is intensified by narrow-row production systems. In irrigated trials designed to promote white mold disease development, Powderhorn rated 50% incidence over 4 yr compared with other great northern cultivars that ranged from 70 to 87% white mold incidence. Powderhorn possesses resistance to specific races of rust, virus, and anthracnose. Powderhorn produces seed that meets industry standards for packaging and canning quality in the great northern bean seed class.

Registration of ‘Otto’ Wheat

Resistance to strawbreaker foot rot (caused by Oculimacula yallundae Crous & W. Gams and O. acuformis Crous & W. Gams) and to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) are important traits for winter wheat cultivars produced in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The objective of this research was to develop an adapted winter wheat cultivar with highly effective resistance to both diseases. ‘Otto’ (Reg. No. CV‐1087, PI 667557) soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released in September 2011 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. Otto was tested under the experimental designations J980218, J980218‐6, and WA008092, which were assigned through progressive generations of advancement. Otto is a semidwarf cultivar adapted to the low rainfall (<300 mm of average annual precipitation), unirrigated wheat production regions of Washington. Otto is resistant to strawbreaker foot rot, has high‐temperature, adult‐plant resistance to the stripe rust pathogen, is tolerant to both speckled (caused by Typhula ishikariensis S. Imai) and pink [caused by Microdochium nivale (Fr.:Fr.) Samuels & I. C. Hallett] snow molds, is intermediate in height, has midseason maturity, and has a high test weight and grain yield potential. Otto has end‐use quality properties similar or superior to those of ‘Stephens’, ‘Brundage 96’, and ‘Xerpha’.

Registration of ‘Snowdon’ White Kidney Bean

‘Snowdon’ (Reg. No. CV‐303, PI 665013) white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), developed by Michigan State University AgBioResearch was released in 2012 as an early‐ to midseason, disease‐resistant, bush bean cultivar. Snowdon was developed with the pedigree breeding method to the F4 generation followed by pure line selection for disease, agronomic, and quality traits. In 4‐yr of field trials, Snowdon yielded 3159 kg ha−1, flowered in 36 d, and matured in 94 d on average. Plants averaged 51 cm in height, with a lodging resistance score of 1.4 and seed size of 65 g 100 seed−1. Snowdon combines high yield potential with early‐ to midseason maturity in white kidney seed type. Snowdon has outyielded ‘Beluga’ by 17% across 4 yr and matured 6 d earlier. It is well adapted to the irrigated production systems on coarse‐textured soils where kidney beans are typically grown in Michigan and the Upper Midwest. Snowdon possesses resistance to specific races of rust, virus, and anthracnose. Seed size of Snowdon (0.65 g) is larger and whiter than seed produced by Beluga (0.54 g). Seed of Snowdon meets industry standards for packaging and canning quality in the white kidney bean seed class.

Bhishaj soft white spring wheat

Randhawa, H. S., Sadasivaiah, R. S., Graf, R. J. and Beres, B. L. 2011. Bhishaj soft white spring wheat Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 805–810. Bhishaj is a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Soft White Spring class. Bhishaj is well-adapted to the wheat growing regions of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan. Based on data from the Western Soft White Spring Wheat Cooperative Registration Test from 1999 to 2001 and 2006 to 2009, Bhishaj exhibited high grain yield, mid-season maturity, semi-dwarf stature with moderate straw strength, and good resistance to shattering. Bhishaj expressed resistance to the prevalent races of leaf rust, stripe rust and powdery mildew, intermediate response to loose smut, susceptibility to stem rust, common bunt, and Fusarium head blight. Based on end-use quality analysis performed at the Grain Research Laboratory of the Canadian Grain Commission, Bhishaj had similar milling and baking performance as the check cultivars AC Reed and AC Phil.

Registration of ‘Santa Fe’ Pinto Bean

‘Santa Fe’ pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Reg. No. CV‐291, PI 656393), developed by the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, was released in 2008 as an upright, midseason, disease‐resistant cultivar. An F4–derived line developed using pedigree selection was advanced on the basis of superior yield performance, upright plant architecture and improved disease resistance. Over 4 yr of testing (2005–2008), Santa Fe was advanced from the F7 to F10 and yield tested at 32 locations in mid‐Michigan and at locations in Colorado, North Dakota, Nebraska, Washington and Ontario. Santa Fe combines competitive yield potential (2729 kg ha−1) with erect type II architecture while retaining midseason maturity (91 d) in a pinto seed type. Santa Fe has resistance to lodging, making it suitable for direct harvest under narrow‐row production systems. The upright architecture also contributes to avoidance to white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary], a disease aggravated by narrow rows. Santa Fe possesses resistance to specific races of rust [incited by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers.) Unger], virus, and anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.‐Scrib]. Santa Fe has a large mottled dry bean seed (40.4 g 100 seed−1) that meets the standards and canning quality of the pinto bean seed class.

Sadash soft white spring wheat

Sadash is a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Soft White Spring class. Sadash is well-adapted to the wheat-growing regions of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan. Based on data from the Western Soft White Spring Wheat Cooperative Registration Test from 2003 to 2005, Sadash exhibited high grain yield, mid-season maturity, semi-dwarf stature with very strong straw, and good resistance to shattering. Sadash expressed resistance to the prevalent races of stem rust and powdery mildew, intermediate resistance to loose smut, moderate susceptibility to leaf rust and common bunt, and susceptibility to Fusarium head blight. Based on end-use quality analysis performed at the Grain Research Laboratory of the Canadian Grain Commission, Sadash had improved test weight over the check cultivars AC Reed and AC Phil and similar milling and baking performance.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (soft white spring), grain yield, quality, disease resistance

Registration of ‘5205’ Wheat

Soft red winter (SRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ‘5205’ (Reg. No. CV‐1038, PI 656755) developed and tested as VA01W‐205 by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station was released in March 2008. 5205 was derived from the three‐way cross Pioneer Brand ‘2684’ /VA93‐54‐185//‘Pocahontas’. Cultivar 5205 is broadly adapted, high‐yielding, midseason maturity, short in stature, and semidwarf (Rht2), and it has very good milling and pastry baking quality. It also is notably resistant to powdery mildew [Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer], leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.), and stripe rust (P. striiformis Westend.) and moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight [caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe)]. In Virginia average grain yield (2006–2008) of cultivar 5205 (6114 kg ha−1) has been equal to that of the highest‐yielding cultivars. In USDA–ARS uniform southern SRW wheat nursery trials conducted at 26 locations in 2006 and at 19 locations in 2007, 5205 produced average grain yields of 5362 and 4488 kg ha−1, respectively, in comparison to nursery mean yields of 5180 and 4146 kg ha−1 In these nursery trials, 5205 was most similar in milling quality to the check ‘AGS 2000’, which ranks 25th among 830 soft wheat cultivars evaluated by the USDA–ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory for Allis milling quality. 5205 has softer flour texture (softness equivalent of 61.1 vs. 57.5 g 100 g−1), has stronger gluten strength (lactic acid solvent retention capacity of 118 vs. 107 g 100 g−1), and produces cookies that are larger in diameter (18.58 vs. 17.75 cm) than AGS 2000.

'White Rock' and 'White County' Peaches

‘White Rock’ and ‘White County’ are the second and third white-fl esh peach releases from the University of Arkansas peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] breeding program. ‘White River’ was released in 2002 (Clark and Moore, 2003). The program began in the 1960s (Clark et al., 1999) and included an objective to develop adapted white-fl esh peach cultivars for on-farm, local, and shipping sales. ‘White Rock’ is an early midseason maturity clingstone with nonmelting fl esh that is low-acid in fl avor, and very fi rm when ripe and overripe. ‘White County’ is a midseason freestone with low-acid fl avor and fi rm fruit. These cultivars have moderate to good resistance to bacterial spot [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni (Smith) Dye] and should provide high-quality, low-acid options for growers in areas where bacterial spot disease is a concern. These cultivars also expand options for growers in the middle to the upper-southern U.S. and other areas of the world with similar climatic conditions. The names selected continue a series of white-fl esh peaches named for noteworthy geographic locations in Arkansas. ‘White Rock’ is named for White Rock Mountain in Franklin County, Ark., and ‘White County’ for the county by that name in east-central Arkansas.