Midlife Phase Research Articles

Case Study: Gas Lift-Plunger Lift Combination Creates Full Life Cycle Production Solution

From the Wolfcamp and Bone Spring in the Permian Basin to the Niobrara and Codell in the Denver-Julesburg Basin, lateral lengths of 10,000 ft or greater are becoming the norm in tight-oil resource plays (Rassenfoss 2022; Addison, 2021; S&P 2021). From a production standpoint, longer laterals equate to greater stimulated rock volume per wellbore. That means higher flow rates, but it can also introduce more dynamic behavior and steeper production declines. The extended-well trajectories are often accompanied by high dogleg severities, high gas/oil ratios (GORs), and sand and solids production (Whitfield 2023; S&P 2021). Efficiently accommodating all of these factors while cost-effectively managing natural declines over time can be a challenge for any single artificial lift method. However, the combination of gas lift and plunger lift technology gives operators a flexible option to optimize production beginning with initial peak flow rates at the start of production and extending all the way through to depletion. This “full life cycle” approach encompasses three distinct phases that collectively span the entire slope of the tight-oil well decline curve: - Gas lift in early to mid-life (from first production to ±300 B/D) - Plunger-assisted gas lift (PAGL) in the mid- to late-life plateau (from ±300 to ±100 B/D) - Plunger lift in late life (from ±100 B/D to last oil) An artificial lift approach leveraging gas lift, PAGL, and plunger lift at different points along the production timeline aggregately brings the key advantages of all three to bear in horizontal tight-oil wells, including - Gas lift’s ability to mimic natural reservoir flow, lifting fluids to surface by reducing the flowing tubing pressure and creating differential pressure between the reservoir and wellbore. Gas lift handles an array of production rates (up to 2,000-plus B/D) and well characteristics—including high GORs and solid content—and can adapt to rapidly changing conditions during early well life. - PAGL’s ability to increase reservoir drawdown, stabilize production, and reduce system surging as production diminishes to the point where gas lift starts to become inefficient in the mid-life phase. - Plunger lift’s ability to use pressure buildup below the plunger to carry accumulated fluids to surface at rates as low as a few B/D, requiring no external power source to surface the plunger. The plunger creates a “swabbing effect” as it passes through the tubing that helps draw fluids from perforated intervals while keeping tubing swept of paraffin, scale, asphaltene, sand, etc.

Reposition Malaysian’s Social Neuroscience Life Cycle Paradigm to Resolve the Midlife Mystic

This investigation examines, via phenomenological qualitative analysis, on the agony of midlife progression shocked many underwent, when march in to the beclouded forty unprepared due to society knowledge deficiency on the existent of midlife phase. Thus, the key research objective is to reposition the subject of life cycle paradigm by setting a new psychosocial parameter for each life phase by defining it from the social neuroscience perspective, so that to devise a new model of social neuroscience life cycle paradigm for Malaysian. A qualitative inquiry on the individual’s lived phenomenological experiences within the social structure is done by face to face interview, then snow ball to people around them by survey form. A total of N=221 Malaysian participated voluntarily by answering three fundamental questions to elicit their personal life experience on the social neuroscience dimensions. The answer is scripted for thematic analysis and tested by SPSS. 68% of data collected from people originated from other states, thus the statistic could then be considered as Malaysia’s. Three major finding resulted. Firstly, there are four episodes life cycle of life span on one’s whole life, yet only 15.4% of Malaysian acknowledge the existent of midlife episode as a process and majority (76%) define life process as a simple three episode process. Secondly, the accretion of 11 social neuroscience dimensions in one’s life course, and reveals a mystical existent of social assumed illusion on midlife as steady stage outwardly with specialised skills, which has wrapped up their inward neuroscience struggle of vulnerability that need emotional regulation of this latent effect. Thirdly, when the two finding are mixed, a new look of Malaysian social neuroscience life cycle paradigm named as “The 28,000 days of four episodes social neuroscience life cycle” is born and presenting a new era for whole life transition analysis. The two immediate contribution of this study produces a new era concept that has walked Malaysian from knowledge darkness of life episodes by elevating life cycle paradigm into a new level on social neuroscience aspects, and, invented a crisis predictability to curb the hidden explosive crisis dynamic, though not able to eliminate it during midlife. Process from here, next research should be on a bigger quantitative scale research dynamic of psychosocial factors which trigger specifically hidden midlife crisis knowledge deficiency.

50 years of British accent bias

Abstract Do accent biases observed half a century ago (Giles 1970) and 15 years ago (Coupland and Bishop 2007) still hold in Britain today? We provide an updated picture of national attitudes to accent labels by replicating and extending previous studies. Mean ratings and relative rankings of 38 accents for prestige and pleasantness by a large representative sample of the British population (N = 821) attest to a remarkably stable, long-standing hierarchy of accent status. We find little evidence of demotion of conservative prestige varieties or reranking of accents, although we do observe a slight improvement in lower rankings. We focus in detail on age and life stage, finding that most of the age patterns observed in earlier studies were in fact instances of age-grading (lifespan effects), not real-time change in attitude. The midlife phase of life corresponds to conservative shifts in the perception of global, migrant-heritage, and stigmatised varieties. Our findings add change in speech evaluation to the growing body of research on lifespan change in speech production. Finally, although effects of ethnicity, social class, regional self- and other-bias, and age remain firmly in place, earlier gender differences in respondent behaviour have more or less disappeared.

An Overview of Life and Works of Jami & His Perception of Love

Abd al-Rahman Jami (817/1414- 898/1492) is regarded as the last grand classical poet of Persian literature and a great Sufi of his time. Towards the end of his life, he compiled his <em>Divan</em> in which one can trace his life pattern that he has divide into three main phases. These include: 1) the period of his childhood and early phases of education, which is reported in <em>Fātiḥah al-Shabāb</em>; 2) his mid-life phase as elaborated in <em>Wāsiṭah al-‘Aqd; </em>and, 3)<em> </em>the last stage of his life, discussed in <em>Khātimah al-Ḥayāt. </em>In<em> </em>the latter, Jami tends to evaluate his life span in search of elixir of salvation. This search led him to an elevated stage of self-realization where he questioned his previous actions and all that which he was praised for, i.e. a prolific writer, an imaginative poet, and a distinguished commentator of Sufi thought. This spiritual self-assessment eventually directed him to the path of ‘love’ – the transforming power that reveals the essential meaning of life, realization of the inner divine self, and that which could bring about union with God. This paper intends to trace Jami’s transformation of thought, character and worldview. It begins with a bibliographical account followed by an elaboration of the three phases of Jami’s life, his status as a poet, a melting pot of Sufism, and, finally his perception of true love and its transforming and purifying effect on the seeker of truth.<strong></strong>

Oral manifestation and its management in postmenopausal women: an integrated review.

Postmenopause is a phase of life which leads physical and emotional instability from multiple health related issues. Oral health in this stage of life is also compromised. Oral health has an impact on general wellbeing of the individual as oral cavity is commonly act as a mirror to general health. Menopause is phase in a woman’s life when menstrual cycles cease by reduced secretion of the ovarian hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone. This review article has emphasized on the diverse oral presentations of peri- and postmenopausal phase of women’s life. Practicing dental surgeons and general physician should be aware of the possible association of postmenopause and its various oral signs and symptoms in this midlife phase of women. It also focuses on its symptomatic management of various oral health issues. This article explains diverse oral conditions in detailed and their management. Stress causing anxiety and depression among this midlife phase of women can lead to alteration in immunity which can again lead to various oral conditions, like lichen planus, apthous ulcer that can cause burning sensation in oral mucosa and alter the food habit. By dealing with all this diverse condition, practicing oral physician can help to reduce and manage oral manifestation of postmenopausal phase of life.

The Challenge and Opportunity to Diagnose Parkinson's Disease in Midlife.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder that affects extensive regions of the nervous system. Its current clinical diagnosis is based on motor symptoms that appear late during disease progression when substantial proportions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron population are lost already. Although disturbances in sleep and other biofunctions often surface years prior to motor impairments and point to a long prodromal phase, these phenotypic signs in a person's midlife lack predictive power. They do, however, signal the unfolding of the disease and suggest molecular correlates that begin deviating early on. Revealing such trajectories, hence, promises not only a better understanding of prodromal PD but may also enable a much-needed earlier diagnosis. A nexus that may harbor such molecular trajectories is the epigenome as key etiological factors of PD—genetics, age, and environment—influence this substrate. An earlier diagnosis would also allow earlier interventions and lifestyle adjustments to improve brain function and reduce symptoms. In this review, we describe the challenges of diagnosing PD early on and highlight the opportunities that may arise from steering research efforts towards comprehensive interrogations of molecular layers during the long-time neglected midlife phase. In particular, we emphasize how existing cohorts of at-risk individuals, available animal models, and suitable markers may come together and aid in revealing molecular trajectories that offer diagnostic utility for PD in its prodromal stage.

Midlife Study of the Louisville Twins: Connecting Cognitive Development to Biological and Cognitive Aging

The Louisville Twin Study (LTS) began in 1958 and became a premier longitudinal twin study of cognitive development. The LTS continuously collected data from twins through 2000 after which the study closed indefinitely due to lack of funding. Now that the majority of the sample is age 40 or older (61.36%, N = 1770), the LTS childhood data can be linked to midlife cognitive functioning, among other physical, biological, social, and psychiatric outcomes. We report results from two pilot studies in anticipation of beginning the midlife phase of the LTS. The first pilot study was a participant tracking study, in which we showed that approximately 90% of the Louisville families randomly sampled (N = 203) for the study could be found. The second pilot study consisted of 40 in-person interviews in which twins completed cognitive, memory, biometric, and functional ability measures. The main purpose of the second study was to correlate midlife measures of cognitive functioning to a measure of biological age, which is an alternative index to chronological age that quantifies age as a function of the breakdown of structural and functional physiological systems, and then to relate both of these measures to twins' cognitive developmental trajectories. Midlife IQ was uncorrelated with biological age (- .01) while better scores on episodic memory more strongly correlated with lower biological age (- .19 to - .31). As expected, midlife IQ positively correlated with IQ measures collected throughout childhood and adolescence. Additionally, positive linear rates of change in FSIQ scores in childhood significantly correlated with biological age (- .68), physical functioning (.71), and functional ability (- .55), suggesting that cognitive development predicts lower biological age, better physical functioning, and better functional ability. In sum, the Louisville twins can be relocated to investigate whether and how early and midlife cognitive and physical health factors contribute to cognitive aging.

More than 30 years of ‘Landcare’ in Australia: five phases of development from ‘childhood’ to ‘mid-life’ (crisis or renewal?)

ABSTRACTThis article describes the five major development phases of Landcare in Australia – from its ‘childhood phase’ beginnings in the mid-1980s to its current day ‘mid-life phase’. The ‘Landcare approach’ in its contemporary form is articulated in the Australian Framework for Landcare 2010–2020 as comprising the Landcare ethic, the Landcare movement founded on stewardship and volunteers, and the Landcare model. There is much evidence to substantiate the pivotal role Landcare has played in stimulating and enabling knowledge sharing, learning and on-ground action across Australia in the arena of natural resource management (NRM); and also to conclude that its potential for contributing to broader impacts, especially landscape-scale change, has been seriously hindered by various ill-conceived and/or executed policy settings and related institutional arrangements. Nevertheless, the Landcare approach (with its consistently sound ethic and movement, but with its model imperfections at different times) has proven itself robust. The time is now ripe for a new phase of Landcare driven by an alliance of its networks with Australia’s 56 regional NRM organisations, backed by national non-governmental organisations, which cuts through the current political disengagement with NRM policy and practice and restores the centrality of and nationwide commitment to the Landcare approach.

Guiding Principles for Cultivating Sustainable Christian School Cultures in an Era of Change

This article presents a selection of findings arising from a recent study that analysed and investigated how sustainable Christian school cultures can be cultivated during changing times. The inquiry was positioned within the contextually bounded system of Christian schools which, according to the literature, have historically struggled to maintain core ideology and distinctiveness beyond the consolidation or mid-life phase of cultural development. The study was framed within a qualitative paradigm of inquiry that utilised a multiple case study design to investigate how principals within six Christian schools were seeking to cultivate sustainable school cultures that preserved core ideology whilst responding to change imperatives within an ever-increasingly complex and market driven socio-cultural milieu. The research findings identified four guiding principles that leaders were using to cultivate sustainable Christian school cultures within these site specific settings. These principles formed a foundation upon which cultural meaning-making and core ideology, expressed as cultural processes and practices, may be sustained and perpetuated during a Christian school’s organisational mid-life or consolidation phase of cultural development.

Midlife divorce initiation: From crisis to developmental transition

The midlife phase in the marital relationship is a complicated transition period, challenging the flexibility and coping skills of every couple. Separation-Divorce Initiation (S/DI) at this time can serve a special function in the change process required in this stage. A comprehensive therapeutic model for S/DI couples is described. It includes (1) assessment of the relationship's stamina and the function of the S/DI; (2) treating symptoms and reactions to the traumatic event in an “emergency intervention” mode; (3) steps and techniques to help the couple overcome the traumatic effects of the SD/I and to rebuild their relationship on a more appropriate basis.

The Psychiatric Disorders of Midlife

The midlife phase of adult development, once viewed as a period of stagnation and involution, is now seen as a time with the potential for significant psychologic growth and development. The concept that women's psychologic health and physical health are closely tied to her reproductive function is coming under close scrutiny. The menopause is only one variable, along with other biologic, psychologic, and sociocultural stressors, that increases the individual woman's vulnerability to several psychiatric disorders. Careful attention to the patient's presenting symptoms and the specific diagnostic criteria for psychiatric illnesses allows for accurate diagnosis and treatment and avoids the pitfall of attributing these symptoms to the "menopausal syndrome."

The Search for Intimacy in Mid-Life: An Exploration of Several Myths

The mid-life phase, with its component features (e.g., solitude, detachment and self-doubt), its tasks (e.g., the search for self and reattachment) and several outcomes (e.g., rapprochement, chronic depression), is reviewed. A novella by John Fowles, The Ebony Tower, is presented as an allegorical account of the mid-life crisis, and its inherent myths examined. Key clinical issues, including the attributional distorting effect of mood on the protagonist's search for self and induced states of learned helplessness, are explored with reference to literary myths and clinical vignettes.