In this study, we report the synthesis of MFe2O4@SiO2 (M = Cu, Ni, Co) nanostructures by microwave-assisted sol-gel synthesis utilizing rice husk as a cost-effective silica precursor and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a soft template. Structural and electrochemical properties were characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDS, HRTEM, BET, and electrochemical techniques. The result revealed the formation of well-defined MFe2O4 spherical nanoparticles decorated mesoporous silica spheres. Electrochemical studies indicate that the CoFe2O4@SiO2 electrode performs better than the CuFe2O4@SiO2 and NiFe2O4@SiO2 electrodes in faradaic redox processes and supercapacitor performance, having a specific capacitance of 1263 F/g at 1 A. Asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with CoFe2O4@SiO2 as positive electrode exhibits high specific capacitance of 135.66 F/g at 1 A/g with good cycle stability retention (70.83 % at 10 A/g), high energy density (50.4 Wh/kg) and power density (891.522 W/kg). CoFe2O4@SiO2 performs better than CuFe2O4@SiO2 and NiFe2O4@SiO2 because cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) has higher electrical conductivity, superior redox activity, and better electrochemical stability. This study offers cost-effective potential electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage, combining environmental sustainability with superior electrochemical performance.