Microwave-assisted Combustion Research Articles

Revelation of luminescence-thermometry, light generation in first biological window and IR detection capabilities of sodium yttrium fluoride co-doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ ions synthesized by low-cost approach

Microwave-assisted combustion synthesis approach is adopted to prepare sodium yttrium fluoride co-doped with ytterbium and erbium (NaYF4: Er3+/ Yb3+) nanoparticles. PXRD confirms the formation of mixed phase (cubic and hexagonal) of the NaYF4: Er3+/ Yb3+ crystal lattice. It is determined that the cubic phase dominates over the hexagonal phase. Three characteristic emission peaks appearing at 523, 544 and 672 nm are attributed to the transitions 2H11/2, 4S3/2 - 4I15/2 and 4F9/2 - 4I15/2 respectively which is character of Er3+ ions, confirming the potential in first biological window applications. The optimal dopant concentration is found and the asymmetric ratio is calculated. Strong up-conversion emission has been observed in the sample in the yellowish-green area when excited with 980 nm radiation. The life time of the 4S3/2 (green) and 4F9/2 (red) levels are found to be 1.187 and 0.472 ms respectively. The emission occurring in the synthesized sample follows the two-photon process which is confirmed by double log graph of intensity and pump-power. Thermal sensitivity is recorded in the range of 300–540 K. The thermally and non-thermally coupled levels attributed to the transitions (2H11/2 and 4S3/2) to (2H11/2 and 4F9/2) of Er3+ ions which are employed to study the temperature sensing. Higher relative sensitivities in both thermally and non-thermally coupled levels were observed in the samples with their values being 1.33 % K−1 and 1.81 % K−1 correspondingly. The significant thermal sensitivity of the synthesized phosphor materials improves its possibility in optical thermometric applications. Further to study the light-emitting abilities of the prepared phosphor, a phosphor-in-glass structure was fabricated using a borate-based glass system. The photometric parameters such as luminous efficacy of radiation and luminous efficiency were obtained to be 331 lm/Wopt and 48.46 % respectively. The prepared compound exhibits superior IR sensing which is evident upon exposure of the fabricated P-i-G to 980 nm radiation. The performed studies authenticate the capabilities of the cubic phase NYF in optical thermometry, light generation and IR detection abilities.

Novel Tb³⁺-Doped LaAl₂B₄O₁₀ phosphors: Structural analysis, luminescent properties, and energy transfer mechanism

This study explores the structural and luminescent properties of terbium (Tb³⁺)-doped lanthanum aluminium borate (LaAl₂B₄O₁₀, abbreviated as LAB) phosphors, a novel host lattice for Tb³⁺ doping. LAB:Tb³⁺ phosphors, with varying dopant concentrations, were synthesized using a microwave-assisted combustion synthesis approach and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, and photoluminescence spectroscopy at both room and low temperatures. The structural analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure of LAB and revealed successful incorporation of Tb³⁺ ions without altering the fundamental lattice. Luminescence studies demonstrated that the LAB:Tb³⁺ phosphors show strong green emission primarily attributed to the 5D4→7F5 transition of Tb³⁺. The optimal doping concentration was determined to be 5 wt% Tb³⁺, which provided maximum luminescence efficiency. This concentration also allowed for a critical study of energy transfer mechanisms within the phosphor, revealing dipole-dipole interactions with a critical distance of 9.80 Å between Tb³⁺ ions. Additionally, the CIE chromaticity coordinates of LAB:0.05 Tb³⁺ were precisely determined to be (0.289, 0.4460), indicating the potential for high-quality green emission suitable for solid-state lighting and display technologies. This work not only demonstrates the potential of LAB:Tb3+ as a highly efficient green luminescent material, but also sheds light on the mechanisms responsible for energy transfer and concentration quenching.

Zn-doped nano-Cr2O3 catalyst for fluorination of chlorinated light olefins

A series of Zn-doped nano-Cr2O3 catalysts were prepared by the microwave-assisted combustion method, and the catalysts were successfully applied to the fluorination of 1, 1, 2, 3-tetrachloropropene to synthesize 2-chloro-3, 3, 3-trifluoropropene, and the fluorination of vinylidene chloride to vinylidene fluoride using anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, which is much more efficient than catalyst reported in literatures. By XRD, XPS, and NH3-TPD, it was confirmed that the doping of a small amount of Zn did not have a great influence on the crystal structure of the catalyst but had a great influence on the acidity of the catalyst surface, which increased the number of weak acids and medium acids on the catalyst surface. In addition, the addition of a small amount of Zn could increase the content of high-valent chromium and produce more CrOxFy active centers. As the number of acid sites increases, it provides adsorption centers for chlorine-containing molecules, and the increase of CrOxFy active centers promotes the reaction. They work together to improve the catalytic performance of the catalyst.

Synthesis and Exploring structural, magnetic, morphology and optical properties of La2−xAlxCuO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) perovskite nanoparticles by microwave-assisted combustion method

La2CuO4 perovskite nanoparticles doped with aluminum were synthesized through the microwave-assisted combustion technique. Comprehensive studies on the structural, magnetic optical, functional and morphological properties were conducted using various techniques, including XRD, EDX, VSM, DRS-UV, FT-IR and FESEM respectively, .The XRD patterns of pristine La2CuO4 and Al-doped La2CuO4 unequivocally validated the exclusive development of a perovskite structure, devoid of any impurities. Nevertheless, the augmentation in Al3+ content (x = 0–0.25) induced a noteworthy phase shift from orthorhombic to cubic configuration. The average crystallite dimensions spanned from 54 to 41 nm. Distinct FT-IR bands at approximately 687 and 434 cm-1 were intricately linked to the La-O and Cu-O stretching modes inherent to the orthorhombic La2CuO4 phase. The energy gap determined through the Kubelka–Munk (K–M) methodology, experienced an elevation concomitant with the heightened Al3+ content (1.67–1.72 eV), attributable to quantum confinement phenomena. Within the La2-xAlxCuO4 (x = 0 to 0.25) system, the genesis of nanoscaled crystallized grains, interspersed with pores resulting from the amalgamation of grains, was evident. Analysis of hysteresis curves unveiled the emergence of soft ferromagnetic behavior at ambient temperature.

Using different ratios of glycine to citric acid as fuel mixture in microwave-assisted combustion synthesis of Eu-doped Y2O3–Gd2O3 nanophosphors

Using different ratios of glycine to citric acid as fuel mixture in microwave-assisted combustion synthesis of Eu-doped Y2O3–Gd2O3 nanophosphors

Microwave-assisted combustion synthesis and characterization studies of novel dysprosium doped yttrium calcium borate (Dy3+: Y2CaB10O19) phosphor materials for efficient white light applications

Micro-wave assisted combustion synthesis technique was adopted to synthesize the dysprosium-doped yttrium calcium borate xDy3+: Y(2-x) CaB10O19 (Dy:YCB) polycrystalline phosphor materials with varying concentrations (x = 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 mol %) for the first time. The formation of phase, crystal structure was analyzed by x-ray diffraction study and was affirmed to be formed pertaining to the monoclinic crystal structure (a = 11.475 Å, b = 6.345 Å, c = 9.223 Å and α = γ = 90°, β = 91.83°) with C2 space group. The absorption capability of the prepared samples was investigated by UV-DRS spectroscopy and the optical band gap was found to be 5.28 eV. FTIR study validated the presence of functional groups and their molecular vibrations. The excitation wavelength of the synthesized samples was found to be 350 nm from photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra. The PL emission spectra were recorded to authenticate the emission wavelengths and found to possess two emission peaks at 480 nm (blue) and 577 nm (yellow) contributed by the Dy3+ ions. The optimized dopant concentration of dysprosium ion was fixed at x = 0.07 to avoid the concentration quenching effect. The chromaticity co-ordinate of optimized sample was determined to be x = 0.3188, y = 0.3233 which are closer to ideal white light co-ordinate. The color temperature was determined to be 6209 K, which occurs in the cool white light region. Luminous efficacy of radiation (LER) was determined to be 269.31 l m/Wopt for the optimal phosphor. The luminous efficiency for the optimal phosphor was determined to be 40%. Color rendering index (CRI) of the optimal sample was evaluated to be 77. Internal quantum yield (IQE) of the optimal sample was determined to be 50.58 %. The phosphor materials have excellent thermal stability as validated from the temperature dependent PL measurements.

Investigations on structural, dielectric, and third-order nonlinear optical studies of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles by microwave combustion method with different fuels (glycine, urea and citric acid)

In this article, Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via microwave-assisted combustion method. XRD investigation indicates the cubic spinel structure. At ambient temperature, the dielectric constant and loss were determined by modulating the applied frequency (50 Hz to 200 kHz). The calculated third-order NLO susceptibility (χ(3)) was found for glycine (2.385 × 10-6esu), urea (0.9696 × 10-6esu) and citric acid (2.755 × 10-6esu). However, this work reveals that synthesized NPs have high convenience for optoelectronic, optical switching, and limiting applications.

Influence of Mn, Mg, Ce and P promoters on Ni-X/Al2O3 catalysts for dry reforming of methane

In this work, the performance of a series of nickel catalysts supported on alumina containing the promoters Mg, Mn, Ce and P was evaluated against the dry reforming of methane (DRM). Alumina support was obtained quickly and simply through the microwave-assisted combustion method using low levels of urea. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, FTIR and XRD in situ, proving that successive hydration and heat treatment steps during synthesis can generate modifications in the alumina phases, in addition to the formation of aluminate species that are reduced during the catalytic activation step and modify the level of interaction between active and support phases. The catalytic activity test was performed with GHSV = 100 L g−1 h−1 and the formed carbon was quantified by thermogravimetric analysis. The Mn promoter exhibited the highest methane conversion rate during the initial stages of the reaction, in which the presence of MnO2 favored parallel reactions of methane decomposition. The phosphorus and cerium produced smaller amounts of coke, reducing the carbon generated due to the interaction of promoters with carbon on the surface of the catalytic sites. The Mg increases the interaction of the active phase with the support.

Impact of green-synthesized Mg-doped Mn ferrite nanoparticles on light-driven degradation of dyes and their optoelectronic applications

Using Ocimum sanctum extract as fuel, magnesium-doped manganese ferrite nanoparticles with the chemical formula MgxMn1−xFe2O4, where x = 0.0–0.6, were synthesized using a green microwave-assisted combustion method.

Optimization of NiFe2O4 by different facile synthetic approaches and investigations on structural and electrochemical properties

Due to the metal ion's various oxidation states, ferrites, which are sustainable materials for energy conversion and storage as well as potential remedies to severe environmental problems, exhibit exceptional electrochemical properties. Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) has been synthesis by three different methods such as co-precipitation, sol–gel combustion and microwave-assisted combustion. The goal of this work is to investigate the link between morphology and electrochemical characterization. The XRD pattern confirmed the single-phase cubic spinel structure of prepared nanoparticles. The surface characteristics and elemental composition have been studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical properties of the prepared material as an electrode have been analyzed using a three-electrode setup in a 6 M KOH electrolyte solution. The higher calculated specific capacitance employed was 170.44 F/g at current density of 1 A g−1 and 237.84 F/g at 10 mV s-1 scan rare for the nickel ferrite made using a microwave-assisted combustion approach. Additionally, the chronopotentiometry for all ferrites showed a non-linearity curve, supporting the pseudo-capacitance behavior of the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. The stability performance of NiFe2O4 (microwave-assisted combustion) was outstanding, and its specific capacitance retention is about 78 % after 5000 cycles.

Novel magnetic nanocomposites BiFeO3/Cu(BDC) for efficient dye removal

In this study, bismuth ferrite nanoparticles and metal-organic framework, Cu(BDC), were prepared by microwave-assisted combustion in solid state and ultrasound-assisted method, respectively. To enhance the properties of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles and Cu(BDC), we form them as their composite through microwave and ultrasonic probe strategies. Various analyses, including FT-IR, XRD, SEM, DRS, VSM, and so on, were applied to verify the synthesis accuracy. Then, the catalytic performances of the nanoparticles and the as-prepared nanocomposites were evaluated through photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized materials was assessed toward the Congo red removal from wastewater. All the results prove that the proposed nanocomposite can be an acceptable candidate for eliminating contaminants from wastewater. The electrochemical properties of bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3/Cu(BDC) nanocomposite 1, and BiFeO3/Cu(BDC) nanocomposite 2 have been studied by cyclic voltammetry.

Exploring the role of fuel in the synthesis of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles by microwave-assisted combustion in solid state and the study of photocatalytic degradation of Brilliant Blue

The current research focused on the synthesis of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles using the method of microwave-assisted combustion in the solid state. The starting materials employed in the synthesis included bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, and iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, with a 1:1 molar ratio and as an organic driving agent ammonium nitrate, (NH4) (NO3), along with various fuels such as glycine, urea, acetamide. The reaction conditions were optimized to achieve the desired BiFeO3 nanopowder, by using the molar ratio of glycine and ammonium nitrate as fuel and an irradiation power of 360 and 900 W for 20 min. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles by 360 W were analyzed for their photocatalytic performance in the degradation of the organic dye Brilliant Blue as a pollutant.

Microstructure evolution of Ni-Cr-Mo superalloy fabricated by microwave-assisted combustion synthesis

In this study, the microwave-assisted self-propagation high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique was utilized to successfully synthesize the Nistelle super C commercial alloy with the chemical composition of Ni59Cr23Mo18. The precursors used for this purpose were NiO, Cr2O3, and MoO3 oxide compounds. The thermodynamicall calculations were carried out by the Factsage software. The synthesized alloys' chemical composition, phase, and microstructure were evaluated by induction-coupled plasma, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The findings revealed considerable residual silicon in the final product due to using Si as the reducing agent. The presence of residual Si in the chemical composition led to forming a eutectic Niγ-FCC+ Mo2Ni3Si microstructure in the alloys produced by the alumino/silicothermic method. The high silicon content in the excess Al-containing sample led to forming of proeutectic Mo2Ni3Si phases with a petaloid morphology. Besides, this alloy displayed small islands of the interdendritic nickel silicide phase. Conversely, the aluminothermic sample showed a nearly single-phase structure with low amounts of the precipitates of chromium and molybdenum-rich phases. The phase diagram plotted for this sample indicated that the precipitates were probably TCP phases like σ and P. In all the samples, the segregation of Mo occurred significantly, while Cr was distributed almost uniformly in all regions. The formation of the Mo2Ni3Si intermetallic phase resulted in the significant segregation of Mo and depletion of the Niγ-FCC matrix from this element. However, the segregation of Mo was also observed near the grain boundaries in the single-phase sample. The results showed that the dissolution of the alloying elements, especially molybdenum, caused severe offset in some peaks of the Niγ-FCC XRD pattern.

Luminescence studies of high color purity red-emitting [formula omitted] phosphor prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis technique

A set of red-emitting phosphor materials (Ca1−xAl4O7:Eux3+, x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.11, 0.13) were synthesized through microwave-assisted combustion synthesis for the first time. The crystal structures and phase purity of Eu3+ ions-activated calcium dialuminate (CaAl4O7) phosphor were investigated by XRD study and Rietveld refinement analysis were performed. The prepared phosphors exhibit monoclinic crystal structure having C2/c space group. From the radius difference percentage calculation, the occupancy of Eu3+ ions in Ca2+ sites was confirmed which is in better harmony with the refinement result. Morphological analysis was investigated through SEM study. Structural characteristics and the presence of the functional groups were analysed though FTIR study. The optical band gap (Eg) was determined to be 5.46 eV by studying the UV–VIS reflectance spectra. PL measurements were carried out for the prepared material to study the luminescent behaviour. The presence of charge transfer band was observed in the excitation spectra. It is found that the prepared phosphor materials exhibits emission rich in red at 611 nm with fixed excitation wavelength at 393 nm. The concentration quenching and energy transfer kinetics were analysed by employing Blasse and Dexter’s formula that attributed the non-radiative energy transfer to the dipole-dipole (d-d) interactions. Local site symmetry was analysed to study the symmetry of the environment in the neighbourhood of Eu3+ ions in the host matrix. To analyse the colorimetric performance of the phosphor materials, the correlated color temperature (CCT), color purity were calculated by using the CIE chromaticity co-ordinates (CIE 1931). The calculated CCT value shows the appearance of the emitted color of the phosphor in the warmer region. CaAl4O7:Eu3+ phosphor manifests high color purity which was found to be 97.39 %. The PL decay time measurement were performed for Ca1−xAl4O7:Eux3+ (x = 0.07) phosphor to obtain the decay lifetime. The estimated decay time (1.44 ms) indicates that the prepared phosphor material has a good potency to be utilized as a red-emitting phosphor for wLED, display technology and other applications.

Effect of Mg doping on dielectric properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by microwave-assisted combustion route

The primary aim of this research work is to study the dielectric properties of nanoscale ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The microwave-assisted combustion technique was used to synthesize ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs (2, 4, and 6 atomic % of Mg). XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) and SEM (Scanning electron microscope) methods were used to characterize the materials. From the XRD pattern, the phase confirmation and crystallite size of ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO NPs were estimated. The study of dielectric properties such as dielectric loss and permittivity, impedance and AC conductivity were observed in the range of frequency (1–106 Hz). The permittivity of ZnO and 6% Mg-doped ZnO showed an enhanced dielectric property than other doped materials at higher frequency. The additional mobile carriers added to the material as a result of raising the percentage of doping resulted in an increase in the material's dielectric loss. The hopping and tunnelling mechanism, which may be attributed to the migration of electrons into the conductive network formed by the crystallites of 6% Mg-doped ZnO and ZnO NPs, caused progressively increase in the values of AC conductivity of doped nanoparticles as the frequency range was increased. The impedance (real and imaginary) was decreased with increase in the amount of Mg (in terms of atomic %).

Microwave-assisted design and fabrication of rare earth doped NiMoO4: An admirable electrode material in redox electrolytes with excellent power density for high-end energy storage systems

In the recent advancement of energy storage, electrode materials delivering high energy density and the capability to deliver noteworthy power compared to batteries are considered to be promising materials. In this study, hierarchical-structured NiMoO4 and various concentrations of Ce rare earth metal doped NiMoO4 materials have been synthesized by microwave-assisted combustion route. Their structural, morphological, and spectroscopical characteristics have been studied using different characterization and analytical techniques. The α to β-NiMoO4 phase transformation with the same crystal structure has been confirmed after the addition of 5% Ce dopant. The crystallite size, cell volume, and particle size of the β-NiMoO4 seems to be minimal with maximum dislocation density compared to the prepared α-NiMoO4 samples. The initial nanospheres are clustered in different orientations to form different morphological structures. All the samples have been evaluated as electrodes for highly efficient electrochemical supercapacitors. The 5%-Ce doped NiMoO4 electrode has revealed an extraordinary supercapacitive performance showing excellent specific capacitance of 3101.12 Fg‐1 at 1 mA current with good retentivity of 97.65% after 5000 cycles in a three-electrode configuration, which is six times higher value than the prepared pristine NiMoO4 (478.78 Fg‐1). Besides, an asymmetric supercabattery device has been fabricated utilizing NiMoO4‐5% Ce electrode and activated carbon as positive and negative electrodes in a two-electrode configuration. It displayed a fascinating energy density of 29.2 W h kg−1 even at high current density of 5 mA. Prominently, the supercabatteries device showed an admirable 80.55% long-lasting cycling performance retained after 10,000 cycles.

Joule heating-assisted tailoring Co-MOC derived chainmail catalyst to regulate peroxymonosulfate activation for tetracycline destruction: Singlet oxygen integrated direct electron transfer pathways

Rational design of stable and high-efficiency non-precious catalysts to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is crucially important for recalcitrant pollutant elimination. In this study, we present a microwave-assisted combustion heat method to fabricate stable Co-MOC-800 as a highly efficient peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation. Joule heating from short-time microwave irradiation enables the expeditious fabrication of Co-based metal–organic-complex (Co-MOC) precursor, which is carbonized to form the representative Co-MOC-800 chainmail catalyst with a maximum degradation rate of 97% in 10 min. This catalyst still possesses an excellent stability with highly remained activity of the initial cycle after five consecutive runs. The N-doped amorphous carbon encapsulated Co nanoparticles integrated Co-Nx sites play an essential role in activating PMS for TCH degradation through non-radial dominant pathways including singlet oxygen and direct electron transfer. Attributing to the non-radical pathways, the Co-MOC-800-catalyzed PMS activation exhibits relatively high anti-interference ability under different solution pH, inorganic anions and humic acid. Three reaction pathways for TCH degradation are proposed by recording the degradation intermediates, and the toxicity of the detected intermediates was evaluated. The present work provides a vivid example for simply fabricating efficient Co-based catalysts for recalcitrant pollutant elimination via activating PMS.

Microwave-assisted chemical synthesis of SmCo5 magnetic particles with high coercivity

The hard-magnetic SmCo5-based materials with high coercivity have an enormous range of high-value-added technological applications. We reported the novel synthesis of SmCo5 particles with desired particle size by a microwave-assisted combustion process. The process consists of a combination of Sm-Co oxide precursor preparation by microwave-assisted combustion, and the following calcium hydride reduction-diffusion. The microwave-assisted combustion offers a time and energy-saving, and environmentally-friendly methodology to form the homogenous Sm-Co oxide precursor nanoparticles. This high-quality Sm-Co oxide precursor paves the way for achieving high coercivity in SmCo5 magnetic materials. A high coercivity up to 39.2 kOe was achieved in the aligned SmCo5 particles. These SmCo5 magnetic particles show promising prospects for high-performance permanent magnet applications and can be utilized for the development of exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets with high energy density. This work also provides instructive information for designing and synthesizing rare-earth-based magnetic materials.

Microwave-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of Ni–Cr–Mo Superalloy Using Mixed Oxides: Mechanism and Thermodynamics Aspects

Microwave-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of Ni–Cr–Mo Superalloy Using Mixed Oxides: Mechanism and Thermodynamics Aspects

Microwave-assisted synthesis of ternary transition metal ferrite: Structural, morphological, optical, magnetic and electrochemical properties

Transition metal oxides are promising materials in photocatalysts, sensors, photovoltaics, and especially as supercapacitor electrodes for their rapid, reversible faradaic redox reactions. Nanosized ternary transition metal ferrite (NiMnFe 2 O 4 ) has been synthesized using an easy and inexpensive microwave-assisted combustion method. The powder XRD confirms the nanoparticles as in spinal cubic structure with space group Fd-3m. FTIR has analyzed to understand the vibration of metal ions in the prepared NiMnFe 2 O 4 . The elemental composition and surface morphology of the nanoparticles have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectra are used to examine the optical properties and to calculate the band gap energy of NiMnFe 2 O 4 , which is found to be 1.08 eV. The electrochemical properties of the prepared metal ferrite have been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The specific capacitance of the modified electrode is found to exhibit the highest value of 476 F/g at 5 mV/s. • Nanostructured ternary transition metal ferrite has been prepared by a low-cost Microwave-assisted combustion method. • SEM analysis exhibit the irregular shape morphology. • The prepared NiMnFe 2 O 4 electrode revealed a higher energy density of 1.226 W h/Kg and superior power density of 1125 W/kg. • Cyclic stability of the NiMnFe 2 O 4 exhibits capacity retention of 83.67%.