Changes in rheological performance, migration of chemical components, and microstructure transformation are some of the processes that occur as asphalt binders age across various stages throughout their lifecycle. Aging-related changes influence pavement performance, typically increasing its susceptibility to issues like fatigue and thermal cracking. Thus, comprehending the role of aging in the performance of asphalt binders is vital for devising effective pavement design and maintenance strategies. The use of plastic pyrolysis oil and recycled non-tire automobile rubber to create oil-rubber modified asphalt binders is becoming quite popular as a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for asphalt pavements. This study aimed to assess the aging behavior of asphalt binders modified with plastic pyrolysis oil and recycled non-tire automotive rubber, both separately and in composite modification. Binders underwent testing under four aging conditions: unaged, short-term aged, long-term aged, and extended long-term aged. The study focused on a multiscale assessment of aging characteristics, encompassing macroscale, mesoscale, microscale, and nanoscale analyses. At the macroscale, the binders were tested for rheological parameters using multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), linear amplitude sweep (LAS), and Glover-Rowe (G-R) parameter tests, while the mesoscale analysis was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Additionally, microstructural analysis was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and nanoscale evaluation was carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Finally, a comprehensive assessment index that included all the parameters under study was generated using radar graph analysis. It was observed that modifying an asphalt binder with a heat-preheated composite of plastic pyrolysis oil and recycled non-tire automotive rubber showed the lowest CAI values, thus helping to mitigate the effects of aging and achieving enhanced binder performance.