Micronucleus Frequency In Buccal Cells Research Articles

Effect of exercise, synthetic anabolic steroids and protein intake on DNA damage in trained and untrained men

BackgroundThe role of exercise in oxidative stress and genomic damage was evaluated as the main target population of ASS and protein supplement in usually physical active individuals. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to determine the effects of exercise and abuse of synthetic anabolic steroids and food supplements on micronuclei frequency in buccal cells and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as markers for DNA damage. MethodsThe study included one hundred males aged 17–44 years, distributed into five distinct groups including Group I: 20 bodybuilder individuals with AAS consumption, Group II: 20 bodybuilder individuals with diet supplement (proteins) consumption. Group III: 20 bodybuilders without AAS and diet supplement (proteins) consumption, Group IV: 20 football players without AAS and proteins consumption, and Group V 20 non-athletes without diet supplement or AAS consumption. ResultsThe mean age + standard deviation (SD) of groups I, II, III, IV and V were (27.00 ± 5.53, 27.85 ± 5.60, 29.70 ± 8.04, 22.35 ± 3.89 and 26.05 ± 6.42, respectively. The mean of BMI values was significantly different among groups (p < .0001), being much higher for the group I (26.77 ± 1.64) than for group V (22.78 ± 1.53***). Notably, group I and II exhibited elevation in 8-OHdG concentration (3.19 ± 0.35 and 3.28 ± 1.66, respectively) compared to those from the other groups, not being statistically significant. In addition no statically difference was observed according to frequency of micronuclei in buccal cells. ConclusionOur results outlined that exceeded usage of AAS or food supplement (proteins) exerted no increasing effects of oxidative DNA and/or chromosomal aberration accounting for serum 8-OHdG and micronuclei in buccal cells. These are possibly due to the adaptive responses such as up regulation of DNA repair systems and enhancement of the anti-oxidant capacity in highly-trained individuals.

Monitoring air pollution effects on children for supporting public health policies (MAPEC_LIFE study)

Abstract Background Children are at high risk of suffering health consequences of air pollution and childhood exposure can increase the risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood. The MAPEC_LIFE project, funded by EU Life+ Programme (LIFE12 ENV/IT/000614), aimed to evaluate the association between air pollution exposure and biomarkers of early effect in children and to propose guidance for implementing environmental policies. Methods The study was carried out on 6-8-year-old children. Micronucleus (MN) frequency was investigated in buccal cells of children and its association with air pollution exposure was assessed applying multiple Poisson regression mixed models, including socio-demographic and lifestyle factors as confounders. We also dichotomize air pollutants concentration according to the EU Ambient Air Quality Directives and WHO Air Quality Guidelines in all Poisson regression models to assess their risk predictive capacity. Results The project involved 1149 children providing buccal cells in winter and spring. 2139 biological samples were included in the analysis (1093 collected in winter, 1046 in spring). The analysis of the association between MN frequency and air quality parameters found positive associations for PM10, PM2.5, benzene, SO2 and ozone. Considering EU Directives, an association was found between MN frequency and PM10 exposure higher than the annual limit value, with an increase of the risk of 17.9% (95%CIs: 0.6-38.1%). Considering WHO Guidelines, the exposures to levels of PM10, benzene and BaP higher than the annual limits were associated with MN frequency, with a risk increase of 22.5%, 27.8% and 59.8% (95%CIs: 3.9-44.3%, 3.8-57.3%, 21.0-111.1%), respectively. Conclusions The analyses conducted showed an association between MN frequency in buccal cells of children and levels of some air pollutants, even at concentration below EU and WHO thresholds, which hence seemed to be insufficient for protecting children from this type of damage. Key messages Air pollution exposure induced chromosomal damage in buccal cells of children, even at concentration below the law limits. Early biological damage detected might be predictive of the occurrence of future harmful effects in humans, at a population level.

Micronucleus Frequency in Buccal Cells of Males Exposed to Air Pollution in Kufa City

The aim of the present study is to explore micronuclei recurrence, as a biomarker of genomic damage in buccal cells of individuals living in polluted areas located near to the cement factory in Kufa city. Twenty four apparently healthy males residing in Kufa are enrolled in the present study, their ages between 18-30 years, as control group 24 males with same age are enrolled liv-ing in the center of Najaf city a far from cement factory. A sample of the exposed and control groups of buccal mucosa cells was collected during Spring months in 2016. The mean count of cell with micronuclei in buccal cells of the exposed group and control were (22.33 ± 0.97; 11.583 ± 0.85) respectively, the mean count of the binucleated cells of the exposed and control groups were (7.208 ± 0.71, 10.041 ± 0.84) respectively, a significant difference was detected in the ob-served frequencies of micronuclei and binnucleated cells in the buccal mucosa cells between the exposed and control group. The results indicated that exposure to air pollutants related to cement production induce cytotoxic as well as genotoxic damage in buccal mucosa cells

The effects of sex, age and cigarette smoking on micronucleus and degenerative nuclear alteration frequencies in human buccal cells of healthy Bosnian subjects

Introduction: This study was performed to establish a baseline value of micronucleus frequency in buccal cells and to estimate the impact of the most common factors (sex and age, and smoking) on micronucleus and degenerative nuclear alteration frequencies in the sample of healthy Bosnian subjects.Methods: The Buccal Micronucleus Cytome (BMCyt) assay, based on scoring not only micronucleus frequency but also other genome damage markers, dead or degenerated cells, provides a measure of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.Results: Our results showed the baseline buccal micronucleus frequency was 0.135% or 1.35‰, as well as positive correlations between micronucleus frequencies and formations of degenerative nuclear alterations (nuclear buds, karyolytic and karyorrhectic cells). The number of micronuclei in buccal cells was significantly higher in females than in males. There was positive association between the age and frequency of analysed cytogenetic biomarkers. Buccal cell micronuclei and degenerative nuclear alternations were more frequent among cigarette smokers than non-smokers and significantly higher in female smokers than in male smokers. Cytogenetic damages showed significantly positive correlation between intensity of smoking and the number of nuclear alterations. The years of smoking had a significant influence not only on the number of nuclear alterations but also in micronuclei and nuclear buds in buccal cells.Conclusions: The sex influences the number of micronuclei in human buccal cells. The ageing increased the number of micronuclei and other biomarkers of DNA damage. The cigarette smoking significantly increases the frequencies of micronuclei and nuclear buds, pyknotic, karyolytic and karyorrhectic cells.

Increase in DNA damage in lymphocytes and micronucleus frequency in buccal cells in silica-exposed workers

The alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) was applied to study the genotoxic properties of silica in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The study was designed to evaluate the DNA damage of lymphocytes and the end points like micronuclei from buccal smears in a group of 45 workers, occupationally exposed to silica, from small mines and stone quarries. The results were compared to 20 sex and age matched normal individuals. There was a statistically significant difference in the damage levels between the exposed group and the control groups. The types of damages (type I –type 1V) were used to measure the DNA damage. The numbers of micronuclei were higher in the silica-exposed population. The present study suggests that the silica exposure can induce lymphocyte DNA damage and produces significant variation of micronuclei in buccal smear.

Genetic damage in wood dust-exposed workers

Exposure to wood dust is common in carpentry workshops. Wood dust is known to be a human carcinogen, with a very high relative risk of adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. The goal of this investigation was to conduct genotoxicity monitoring of carpenters involved in wooden furniture industry in order to test possible wood dust-induced genotoxic effects due to occupational exposure. The level of genetic damage was determined by comet, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration (CA) assays in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 60 carpentry workers. In addition, the micronucleus test in buccal epithelial cells was carried out in the same subjects. Total antioxidant enzyme activities were measured by the indices: superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. A group of 60 non-exposed subjects matched by age, smoking and alcohol consumption habits were chosen as controls. The effect of age, smoking, alcohol consumption and duration of exposure was also analysed in the subjects of the present study. The results showed a statistically significant increase in mean DNA damage by comet assay, micronuclei frequency in buccal cells as well as PBL and frequency of CA in the exposed workers when compared to controls (P < 0.05). Analysis of the data showed that all the confounding factors had a significant effect on DNA damage and micronucleus frequency in buccal epithelial cells and PBL. Smoking and alcohol consumption did not have any significant effect by chromosomal aberration test. Antioxidant enzyme levels significantly decreased in the exposed subjects. Our findings indicate enhanced levels of genotoxicity in carpenters. Hence, these workers may have an increased cancer risk.

Khat (Catha edulis) consumption causes genotoxic effects in humans.

We used the micronucleus (MN) test to determine the genetic damage caused by khat, a widely consumed psychostimulant plant, in exfoliated cells of volunteers who chewed the drug on a regular basis. In the first study in which we compared the frequency of MN in buccal and bladder mucosa cells in 20 khat consumers (10-160 g/day) and 10 controls, a pronounced (8-fold) increase in micronucleated buccal mucosa cells was seen among khat consumers; khat consumption did not lead to a detectable elevation of micronucleated bladder mucosa cells. Among heavy khat chewers, 81% of the MN had a centromere signal indicating that khat is aneuploidogenic. To investigate the effect of simultaneous consumption of tobacco and alcoholic beverages, we compared the MN frequency in buccal cells of 25 khat consumers (20-85 g/day) who smoked cigarettes (15-60/day) and drank alcoholic beverages (15-80 g of pure ethanol/day) with a control group (control group I) of 25 individuals matched for age, body weight, tobacco and alcohol consumption and with another control group of 25 individuals (control group II) not consuming any of the drugs. The frequency of buccal mucosa cells with MN was higher in control group I than in group II and the effect of khat, tobacco and alcohol was found to be additive. A time-kinetics study on khat-induced MN showed that the highest frequency of MN was observed during the fourth week after consumption. In light of the large body of evidence on the close association between genetic damage and cancer, these results suggest that khat consumption, especially when accompanied by alcohol and tobacco consumption, might be a potential cause of oral malignancy.