Microleakage Of Composite Restorations Research Articles

Evaluation of the microleakage of class V composite restoration after cavity treatment with Erbium, CO2 lasers, Papain, and Bromelain enzymes.

Different surface preparation and treatment methods may have dissimilar effects on the microleakage of composite resin. This study was conducted to determine the deproteinizing effect of 10% bromelain enzyme, 10% papain enzyme, CO2 , and erbium-YAG laser in regard to decrease in the microleakage of composite restorations. Thirty teeth were selected and 60 class V cavities were prepared on the lingual and buccal sides. They were divided into six groups (n = 10): Group 1, phosphoric acid gel; Group 2, bromelain enzyme 10%; Group 3, papain enzyme 10%; Group 4, mixed papain and bromelain enzymes 10%; Group 5, CO2 laser; and Group 6, erbium-YAG laser. They were stored in basic fuchsine and dye penetration was evaluated. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis, p < 0.05 RESULTS: In both occlusal and gingival margins, comparison of microleakage between groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 showed no significant differences (p = 1) and group 6 had a significant difference with other groups (p ˂ 0.001). Microleakage of composite resin in the dentin surface was not affected significantly using either bromelain or papain 10% enzymes or erbium laser. However, CO2 laser had a negative effect on the enamel and dentin margins and increased the microleakage. Erbium laser showed a better effect than enzymes on microleakage.

MICROLEAKAGE EVALUATION OF COMPOSITE RESTORATION FOLLOWING CARIES REMOVAL USING CERAMIC BUR IN PRIMARY TEETH (AN IN VITRO STUDY)

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Conservative caries removal is the corner stone of minimally invasive dentistry. Ceramic bur is a self-limiting technique for caries removal in pediatric dentistry.Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate microleakage of adhesive restorations (in vitro) using Ceramic bur to remove caries versus conventional drilling method.Materials and methods: forty exfoliated carious primary teeth were allocated at random into two groups according to method of caries removal. Group I (n=20) caries removal by Ceramic bur, Group II (n=20) caries removal by conventional tungsten carbide bur, followed by composite restorations of all prepared cavities. Teeth were thermo-cycled for 500 cycles between 5 C and 55 C, dwell time 10 seconds for 500 cycles and immersed into one percent methylene blue dye for 24h.Teeth were sectioned in a bucco-lingual direction longitudinally and then studied using stereomicroscope at x20 magnification for dye penetration assessment. Data were collected and subjected to Mann Whitney U test. Results: No significant difference was noted in median microleakage scores and distance of stain penetration in millimeters between the two groups (Ceramic bur) and (conventional tungsten carbide bur) at a p value (0.097) and (0.289) respectively.Conclusion: Microleakage of composite restoration is not adversely affected by caries removal using Ceramic bur.

Efficacy of Different Tooth Lining Materials on Marginal Seal of Composite Restorations Extended upto Root Surface of the Tooth- Systematic Review

Introduction: Microleakage is a major concern in composite restorations, especially with margins located on dentin or cementum of the tooth. This study aimed to review the available literature investigating in vitro the efficacy of different tooth lining materials on the marginal seal of composite restorations extended below the Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) of the tooth.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Different combinations of the review terms were used to electronically search PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Ebscohost databases for the last fifteen years. The records were initially screened for relevancy based on title and abstract. Articles that seemed to meet the criteria for inclusion were selected for full-text assessment. Studies deemed eligible were in vitro studies conducted on human teeth with cavities extending below the CEJ and restored using different tooth lining materials under the composite restorations.Every included study was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool.&#x0D; Results: The initial search identified 619 publications. After removing duplicated records, the remaining 421 records are screened at the level of titles and abstracts to meet our inclusion criteria. 62 records were designated for full-text methodological assessment, and 15 studies were found eligible for qualitative synthesis. The sealing ability of different tooth lining materials under composite restorations was investigated in the chosen studies, with varying outcomes. Microleakage in the tooth restorations was determined by examining the extent of dye penetration under a microscope.&#x0D; Conclusion: Despite the reports of less dye penetration with specific tooth liners in some in-vitro studies, there is no consistent evidence supporting that such tooth liners could reduce microleakage in composite restorations of the tooth.

The Effects of Thermo-mechanical Aging on Microleakage in Composite Restorations Polymerized Using One New Generation and Two Conventional Led Light Curing Units

The Effects of Thermo-mechanical Aging on Microleakage in Composite Restorations Polymerized Using One New Generation and Two Conventional Led Light Curing Units

Effect of photodynamic therapy on microleakage of class V composite restorations in primary teeth.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment by which, light sensitive chemicals are activated at a specific wavelength, generating reactive oxygen species which can be antimicrobial and assist in disinfection. However, the oxygen radicals may interfere with the bonding process. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of PDT with different photosensitizers on microleakage of composite restorations. Seventhy-two primary teeth with sound labial/buccal and lingual surfaces were collected for this study. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of control, PDT with indocyanine green, PDT with methylene blue, and PDT with toluidine blue. Next, the cavities were restored with composite resin. The specimens were stained with 0.5 % Fuchsine and sectioned. The specimens were observed under a microscope to determine the microleakage score. The microleakage was compared between the groups and between the occlusal and cervical walls in each group. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. According to the kruskal-wallis test, no significant difference was observed in microleakage between the groups in the occlusal wall (p = 0.859). However, there was a significant difference in the cervical wall between the control and toluidine blue (p = 0.019), and the control and methylene blue (p = 0.008) groups. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference in microleakage (p < 0.05) between the occlusal and cervical walls within each group. PDT may be used in cavities with enamel margins to decrease the microbial load and prevent secondary caries. PDT is not recommended for cavities with cementum margins. Alternatively, it can be performed with indocyanine green as photosensitizer in such cases.

Microleakage of "Bulk-Fill" Composite Resin for Class II Restorations Pretreated With CO2 Laser in Deciduous Molars: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction: Microleakage has been reported to cause dentin hypersensitivity because of the passage of bacteria and their products through the restoration-tooth interface and is one of the main reasons for replacement of restorations. CO2 laser can be used for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate in vitro the microleakage in composite restorations following surface pretreatment with acid etching and CO2 laser. Methods: Twelve human caries-free primary molars were selected. Class II cavities were prepared on occlusal mesial and occlusal distal surfaces. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=6): Group 1 (G1) - 37% phosphoric acid gel etching + Beautiful-Bulk Restorative - Giomer (Shofu Inc); Group 2 (G2) - 37% phosphoric acid gel etching + SDR Bulk-Fill Flow (Dentsply); Group 3 (G3) - CO2 laser irradiation + Beautiful-Bulk Restorative - Giomer (Shofu Inc); Group 4 (G4) - CO2 laser irradiation + SDR Bulk-Fill Flow (Dentsply). Surfaces were restored with bonding agent (Natural Bond DE, DFL). Specimens were cut longitudinally and immersed in 0.5% methylene blue solution for 4 hours. Microleakage scores were assessed under a magnifying glass at x3,5 and qualitatively analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed using nonparametric Wilcoxon test (P < 0.05). Results: Scores prevailed between 0 and 2, however, no statistically significant difference was found among the groups (P = 0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that all composite resins bulk fill did not show significant difference among them regarding microleakage using either CO2 laser or 37% phosphoric acid etching.

Comparison of microleakage on Class V composite restoration: Study on total etch, self etch and selective etch technique

Background: A Class V restoration with composite resin poses a number of challenges, which can result in microleakage. Methods for minimizing microleakage include the use of adhesive materials and adhesive systems. Adhesive systems include total etch, self-etch, and selective etch. Each adhesive system has various advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, in a Class V cavity with little enamel attachment, research is needed to compare microleakage in total etch, self-etch, and selective etch systems to determine the best adhesion system to achieve treatment success. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare total etch, self-etch, and selective etch adhesive systems in Class V composite resin restorations. Method: Class V cavities on premolar teeth (n = 24) were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces. The teeth were divided into three groups: total etch, self-etch, and selective etch. All the samples of 3 mm mesiodistal, 2 mm occlusal–gingival, and 2 mm deep were prepared using a high-speed round bur. After the preparation of the samples, all the teeth were restored using a flowable composite resin. All the restored samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue for 24 h. They were then sectioned in a buccolingual direction and observed under a stereomicroscope at ×10 magnification. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and post hoc Mann–Whitney U-test (P < 0.05). Result: There were significant differences in microleakage among the groups. The total etch group had the least microleakage, followed by the selective etch and self-etch groups. Conclusion: The use of phosphoric acid (37%) in total etch and selective etch technique reduced microleakage in composite restorations.

The Influence of Composite Resin Type and Light Curing Source on the Microleakage of Composite Restorations

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of composite resin type and light curing source on the microleakage of composite restorations. The material consisted of 48 Class V cavities prepared on 24 extracted human premolars. The cavities were divided into two groups (n = 24), depending on the applied composite resin (flowable Filtek Ultimate vs universal Valux Plus). The division into two subgroups (n = 12) was dependent on the used light curing source (halogen ESPE Elipar Highlight vs LED Twinlex Blue Lex). The evaluation of composite restorations microleakage was performed using the dye penetration method with 1% methylene blue solution. The dye penetration was assessed after the longitudinal cut of the teeth. It was ranked according to the scale of 0-4. The highest microleakage score was in the group with flowable composite and halogen light (2.92 ± 1.16), and the lowest in the group with universal composite and LED light (0.75 ± 1.36). Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the composite restorations microleakage between the following groups: flowable/halogen vs universal/halogen, flowable/LED vs universal/LED and flowable/halogen vs universal/ LED (p &lt; 0.05). It can be concluded that the influence of composite resin type on composite restorations microleakage is higher than of the light curing source.

Evaluation of marginal microleakage in composite restorations with different placement techniques

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different layering techniques (bulk, oblique, centripetal, split horizontal) on the marginal microleakage of Class II adhesive restorations.&#x0D; Methodology: Forty-eight standardised Class II cavities were prepared on both mesial and distal sides of extracted non-carious human molar teeth. Following preparation, all specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=12). Group 1: bulk technique; Group 2: oblique incremental technique; Group 3: centripetal incremental technique; Group 4: split horizontal incremental technique. The teeth were restored with a total-etch adhesive system and a microhybrid composite resin. After thermocycling and immersion in a 0.2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, the restorations were sectioned, and dye penetration was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The microleakage scores (0 to 4) obtained from the occlusal and gingival margins were analysed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p&lt;0,05).&#x0D; Results: Incremental placement techniques showed lower microleakage compared with bulk and lower microleakage was seen at occlusal margin compared with gingival margin. However, there were no statistically significant differences among four placement techniques and the margins (p&gt;0,05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, none of the four placement techniques were found to be effective in eliminating marginal microleakage entirely in Class II restorations. All of the placement techniques showed similar results when the cavity margins were located on the enamel.

A Comparison of microleakage at gingival wall in composite restoration using cocured and precured technique with conventional and modification liner: An in vitro study

Microleakage of composite restoration in proximal surfaces often occurs at the gingival wall. The purpose of this study was to analyze the microleakage at gingival wall in composite restoration using cocured and precured techniques with conventional and modified liner. Standardized class II cavities were prepared on 120 extracted human upper premolar mesial and distal fossae and categorized into 4four groups. Within box-like cavities, Group 1 was restored using a precured technique (conventional & modified liner), Group 2 was restored using a cocured technique (conventional & modified liner), Group 3 was restored using conventional liner (precured & cocured techniquea), and Group 4 was restored using modified liner (procured and cocured techniques). The specimens were subjected to thermocycling, followed by immersion in 1% methylene blue dye for 24 h. The teeth were sectioned mesiodistally and evaluated for microleakage under 25× magnification using a stereo microscope and scored using an ordinal scale (0–3). Statistical analysis was performed with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Microleakage in Group 2 was significantly lower than Group 1 (p = 0.047). There was no significant difference between Group 3 and 4 (p = 0.985). The cocured technique showed lower microleakage than the precured technique. However, there was no statistically significat difference between conventional and modified liners.

Influence of Surface Sealants on Microleakage in Composite Restorations

Influence of Surface Sealants on Microleakage in Composite Restorations

Effect of the thickness of flowable composite as intermediate layer to reduce microleakage on gingival wall

Microleakage of composite restoration in proximal composite restoration often occurs on the gingival wall. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of flowable composite as an intermediate layer to reduce microleakage on the gingival wall. Thirty whole,extracted, upper premolars were divided into three groups. Within box-like cavities, the first group was restored with packable composite only. Group 2 was restored with flowable composite of a1mm thickness and then was restored with incrementally packable composite. Group 3 was restored similarly to group 2, however with a flowable composite thickness of 2mm. After thermocycling, the penetration of 1% methylene blue was investigated along the gingival wall. There were significant differences between group 1 and groups 2 and 3. No significant differences were found between groups 2 and 3. Flowable composite, as an intermediate layer, reduces microleakage of the gingival wall of proximal composite restorations. Nonetheless, the thickness of the flowable composite has no influence on the amount of microleakage observed.

Effect of Aging on Discoloration of Two Composite Surface Sealants

Objectives Composite surface sealants were introduced aiming to prevent or decrease the discoloration and microleakage of composite restorations. This study sought to assess the effect of aging on discoloration of two composite surface sealants.Methods In this experimental study, 24 samples were fabricated of Fortify Plus and BisCover LV composite surface sealants (10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness) and their baseline color coordinates were measured using the CIE L* a* b* system by a reflection spectrophotometer. The samples made of each material (n = 12) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 3 and aged in xenon chamber, tea, distilled water and dry ambient environment (control). Color change (ΔE*) was calculated in the reflectance mode. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and t-test (P < 0.05).Results The minimum ∆E* value was 0.95 ± 0.6 belonging to Fortify Plus stored in the dry ambient environment while the maximum ∆E* value was 21.85 ± 4 belonging to BisCover LV aged in tea. Two-way ANOVA showed significant differences in ∆E* among the aging protocols (P < 0.001); the effect of two materials (P < 0.001) and the interaction effect of the type of material and aging were also significant (P = 0.001). Conclusions It can be concluded that aging affects the discoloration of composite surface sealants. Tea caused the greatest discoloration. There were no significant differences in the color change of the two materials after accelerated aging with xenon.

EFFECTS OF DIODE LASER IRRADIATION ON MICROLEAKAGE OF COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS IN CLASS I CAVITIES

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diode laser irradiation on microleakage of composite restorations in class I cavities. Material and methods: Twenty human premolar teeth were used in this study. Class I cavities standardized to a size of 3x2x2mm dimensions were prepared in each sample. The cavity of each tooth was acid etched using 37% phosphoric acid gel* for 15 seconds. Then the teeth were rinsed with water spray for five seconds. The adhesives were applied to the entire surface of the cavity and air thinned for 15 seconds then light-cured for 10 seconds with light emitting diodes (LED). Cavities were then filled with nanofilled composite and light-cured for 40 seconds. The filled teeth were divided into two main groups (of 10 each) according to surface treatment by laser application or not. Group A: teeth without treatment, Group B: teeth with surface treatment by diode laser application. Dye penetration was measured under a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZ-PT-Japan).Another twenty specimens was prepared and examined by scanning electron microscope. Result: in microleakage assessment there were no significant difference in the microleakage scores at the buccal and lingual cavosurface margin between conventional and diode laser groups.

Gingival Microleakage of Composite Restorations with Different Bonding Protocol in Class II Cavity Treated with Chlorhexidine : An in Vitro Study

Gingival Microleakage of Composite Restorations with Different Bonding Protocol in Class II Cavity Treated with Chlorhexidine : An in Vitro Study

Shrinkage behaviors of dental composite restorations—The experimental–numerical hybrid analysis

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of light curing protocols on the shrinkage behaviors, contraction stress, and microleakage in composite restorations by an experimental–numerical hybrid analysis. MethodsThree groups of human molars were collected to receive different light-curing protocols: vertical or oblique curing at regular intensity, and vertical curing at reduced intensity. For each tooth, the composite fillings were consecutively placed under unbonded and bonded states, and their shrinkage behaviors were examined with a digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The strains of the unbonded restorations were input into two finite element analysis (FEA) models with settings of the composite as either homogeneous or hardened along polymerization gradients. The preliminary solutions were verified by their individual deformations in the bonded restorations. The interfacial microleakage of restorations was also determined by micro-CT scanning and compared with the FEA results. ResultsThe bonded restorations showed centripetal shrinkage patterns with greater downward displacements than their unbonded restorations. Vertical curing at regular intensity caused the greatest shrinkage strain, contraction stress, and microleakage among the three protocols. Low-intensity curing reduced overall shrinkage strain and displacements at cervical margin, but did not prevent the formation of microleakage. Oblique curing caused asymmetric shrinkage with the tooth-shielded side revealing less deformation. Setting the polymerization-dependent elastic moduli of the composite enhanced the reliability of FEA. SignificanceThis hybrid analysis comprehensively examined the polymerization shrinkage behaviors. Both the light intensity and direction affect the shrinkages and contraction stress. Oblique curing decreases shrinkage due to the attenuated irradiation by tooth-shielding rather than modulations of shrinkage direction.

Evaluation of the efficacy of flowable composite as lining material on microleakage of composite resin restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The efficacy of flowable composite in improving marginal adaptation or reducing microleakage is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate existing evidence to verify whether an application of flowable composite as a liner provided less microleakage in Class 2 composite restorations. PubMed, ISI (Web of Science), and Scopus databases were searched according to the selected keywords, up to 15 Feb 2015, without any restriction on date or language. Full texts of published articles that seemed to meet primary criteria for inclusion in this research were obtained. Data of studies were extracted if they were assessed as high or moderate level of evidence. Due to the variation of methods used in different studies, they were divided into five groups: groups 1 and 2, studies that evaluated the effect of flowable composite as a liner on dentinal or enamel margins and applied flowable composite on all of the cavity wall margins; groups 3 and 4, studies that evaluated the effect of flowable composite as a liner on dentinal and enamel margins and applied flowable composite only on gingival margin; and group 5, clinical studies. The initial search yielded 1,370 publications. After hand searching, six extra studies were included in the review. The abstracts of all were read independently by AB and SG. After methodologic assessment and evaluation of the level of evidence, 18 studies were selected for this study. The results of this study indicate that flowable composite liners have no significant effect on microleakage of composite restorations in all of five groups. Application of flowable composite as a liner in composite restorations cannot reduce microleakage or improve clinical performance.

Microleakage in Class V Composite Restorations after Desensitizing Surface Treatment with Er:YAG and CO2 Lasers

Aims: Glutaraldehyde, CO2 and Er:YAG lasers can be used for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. However, their application may have adverse effects on the clinical service of restorations. This study aimed to assess the microleakage in composite restorations following surface treatment with Glutaraldehyde desensitizer, CO2 and Er:YAG laser irradiation for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Materials and methods: This experimental study was conducted on 60 extracted sound human teeth. Class V cavities were prepared measuring 3×3 mm using a diamond bur. Specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups of 15. Group one:no surface treatment, Group two:applying Glutaraldehyde desensitizer, Groups of three and four were irradiated with CO2 and Er:YAG lasers, respectively. Surfaces were restored with bonding agent (Single Bond 2, 3M, USA) and Z250 composite (3M, USA). Specimens were thermocycled and immersed in 1% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. Microleakage scores were assessed under a stereomicroscope at ×20 magnification. Data were analyzed using SPSS and the Kruskal Wallis test (P=0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between microleakage of groups in enamel margins (P=0.694). The difference in microleakage at the dentin margin was significant between groups (P=0.018). Conclusions: Application of Glutaraldehyde-desensitizer and CO2 laser irradiation of surfaces prior to composite restoration do not increase microleakage at the enamel or dentin margins but tooth surface treatment with Er:YAG laser significantly increased the microleakage at the dentin margins.

The effect of acrylate-based dental adhesive solvent content on microleakage in composite restorations.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different percentages of ethanol solvent of an experimental methacrylate-based dentin bonding agent containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) on the microleakage of resin composite restorations. In this experimental study, 42 extracted human premolar teeth used and 84 standard Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth. The teeth were divided into 6 groups of 7. Experimental bonding agents with different percentages of solvent were used in 5 groups and Single Bond® as a control. The teeth were restored with resin composite and subjected to thermal cycling test. Teeth were then immersed in a solution of 2% basic fuchsine dye for 24 h and sectioned buccolingually and scored using stereomicroscope with ×32 magnification. Microleakage data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests. There were significant differences between the microleakage enamel margins (P = 0.036) and dentinal margins (P = 0.008) in all the groups. These significant differences were seen between the control group and groups containing 46 wt% solvent (P = 0.011), 46 wt% and 31 wt% solvent in dentinal (P = 0.027), 31 wt% and 0 wt% in enamel (P = 0.021), also 0 wt% and control in enamel (P = 0.039), and dentinal margins microleakage (P = 0.004). The microleakage in dentinal margins was higher than enamel margins (P < 0.001). In the groups with 46 wt% solvent (P = 0.103), 0 wt% (P = 0.122), and control group (P = 0.096), however, this difference was not significant. The adhesive containing 31 wt% solvent showed the least marginal microleakage, presence of POSS filler may also result in the reduction of microleakage.

Calcium hypochlorite as a dentin deproteinization agent: Microleakage, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis.

This study investigated the influence of collagen removal with calcium hypochlorite on the surface morphology of acid-etched dentin and on the microleakage of composite restorations. In addition, the elemental composition (EC) of dentin after removal of the collagen fibrils was analyzed. Forty third molars received two cavities and were divided into four groups according to dentin treatment: CTRL-no pre-treatment; Na10-10% NaOCl for 30 s; Ca10-10% CaOCl for 30 s, and Ca15-15% CaOCl for 30 s. The cavities were filled using an acetone-based adhesive system and a resin composite; they were then subjected to thermal cycling for 5,000 cycles, immersed in methylene blue for 4 h and sectioned into 1-mm thick slabs. Two examiners evaluated two slices per tooth using a stereomicroscope and assigned the degree of infiltration (scores 0-3). The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis (α = 0.05). Four teeth received surface treatment according to the groups and were submitted to SEM and EDS to carry at the EC. There was no significant difference between the experimental groups (P = 0.533). CaOCl alters the morphology and surface composition of the dentin, resulting in an increase in the amount of calcium in the interface. When used prior to an acetone-based adhesive system, CaOCl did not produce any differences in microleakage when compared to the CTRL group or to the Na10 group.