Microleakage In Root Canals Research Articles

Comparative Evaluation of Apical Microleakage in Root Canals Containing Separated Endodontic Files: An In vitro Study

Comparative Evaluation of Apical Microleakage in Root Canals Containing Separated Endodontic Files: An In vitro Study

The Influence of Irrigation with Different Solutions on Apical Micro leakage of Root Canals

The Influence of Irrigation with Different Solutions on Apical Micro leakage of Root Canals

Apical microleakage in root canals with separated rotary instruments obturated with different endodontic sealers.

Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate apical microleakage in root canals containing broken rotary instruments obturated with cold lateral condensation and thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha, with different sealers, using glucose penetration leakage study.Materials and Methods:In this in vitro study, 96 extracted human mandibular premolars were decoronated, and the roots were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 12). Root canals were instrumented with #30 4% taper rotary files. The files were scratched 3 mm from the tip by a high-speed handpiece, and they were intentionally broken in the apical third of the canals. The middle and coronal sections of the canals were obturated by cold lateral condensation and thermoplasticized technique, using ZOE, resin, CaOH, and bioceramic sealers. Apical microleakage was measured using the glucose penetration method.Statistical Analysis:Independent Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results:Bioceramic sealer group showed the least apical microleakage and this was then followed by the resin and CaOH groups demonstrating lesser apical microleakage and the highest microleakage was with the ZOE group. Mean apical microleakage scores between lateral and thermoplastic condensation techniques in each group were statistically significant (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Bioceramic sealer demonstrated the least apical leakage, whereas ZOE seal displayed the highest apical leakage.

Apical microleakage in root canal-treated teeth containing broken hand files obturated with two different obturating materials: An in vitro study

Introduction: Separated instruments in root canals complicate routine endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare apical microleakage in root canals containing separated hand stainless steel K-files obturated with gutta-percha and Portland cement. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, forty single-rooted freshly extracted teeth were decoronated and then the roots were randomly divided into four groups (n = 40). The biomechanical preparation was done according to the step-back technique. The K-file of 25 size was intentionally broken in apical third and obturation was done with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer using lateral compaction technique and with Portland cement. Apical microleakage was measured using dye penetration method; teeth were immersed in Indian ink for 48 h. The roots were rinsed and sectioned by a cutting saw. The sections were evaluated under a stereomicroscope under ×50 magnification by two observers. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test. Results: Root canals filled with Portland cement have shown lowest microleakage when compared to laterally compacted gutta-percha according to dye penetration depth. Statistical results with ANOVA have showed a significant difference in microleakage among the four groups (P Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that apical microleakage is less in instrument-separated teeth obturated with Portland cement than in instrument-separated teeth obturated with gutta-percha.

Apical microleakage in root canals obturated with lateral compaction, warm vertical compaction and Gutta-Flow techniques (in vitro study)

The sealing ability of root canal filling materials is crucial to the goal ofpreventing reinfection via microleakage of microorganisms and their by-products.Thirty palatal canals of 12mm length from extracted upper first molars were selectedthen instrumented and divided into 3 groups. Group I was obturated with lateralcompaction technique, group II was obturated with warm vertical compactiontechnique and group III was obturated with Gutta-Flow system. Except for the apical2 mm, all other segments of roots for the 3 groups received two layers of nail varnishand immersed in a methylene blue 2% and stored at 37Cº for 30 days. Understereomicroscope liner dye leakage was measured. No statistical difference was foundbetween lateral compaction, warm vertical compaction and Gutta-Flow sealing ability.

Apical Microleakage in Root Canals Obturated With 2 Different Endodontic Sealer Systems in Canine Teeth of Dogs

An apical dye leakage test was utilized to compare 2 endodontic sealer systems commonly used in veterinary endodontic treatment. Rotary instrumentation followed by injection of 2 different sealers (GuttaFlow 2 and AH Plus) and a single master cone obturation technique were compared. Following obturation and restoration, specimens were immersed in India ink for 48 hours. A tooth mineral clearing technique was utilized to render the tooth samples transparent. Subsequently, the apices were evaluated for prevalence and magnitude of apical dye penetration under magnification. Statistical analysis of the results revealed no significant differences in the prevalence or magnitude of apical dye penetration between groups.

Apical Microleakage in Root Canals Containing Broken Rotary Instruments.

Introduction:Broken instruments in root canals complicate routine endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare apical microleakage in root canals containing broken rotary instruments filled with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, laterally compacted gutta-percha and injected gutta-percha. Methods and Materials:In this in vitro, experimental study, 80 extracted human premolars were decoronated and then the roots were randomly divided into four groups (n=20). Root canals were instrumented with Mtwo rotary files. The files were scratched 3 mm from the tip by a high speed handpiece and they were intentionally broken in the apical third of the canals. The middle and coronal thirds of the canals were then filled with MTA, CEM cement, gutta-percha with lateral compaction technique and injected gutta-percha. Apical microleakage was measured using dye penetration method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test.Results:Root canals filled with CEM cement showed the lowest and those filled with injected gutta-percha showed the highest microleakage according to dye penetration depth. No significant difference was noted between the microleakage of CEM cement and MTA or between lateral compaction of gutta-percha and injected gutta-percha (P>0.05). However, CEM cement and MTA groups had significantly lower microleakage than laterally compacted and injected gutta-percha groups (P<0.05). Conclusion:Due to their superior sealing ability, MTA and CEM cement are suitable for filling of root canals containing a broken instrument compared to laterally compacted and injected gutta-percha.

Effect of various post materials and resin luting cements on microleakage in endodontically treated root canals

The effect of various post materials luted with different resin luting cements on microleakage in root canals was studied in the present study. Sixty carious and crack-free premolars were prepared using a step-back technique and obturated with gutta-percha. The roots were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10). Two different post types, glass fiber reinforced posts and zirconium posts (ZP), were cemented three different resin adhesive cements (Panavia F 2.0, Smartcem 2, and Variolink II) in the root canals. All specimens were thermal cycled and stored in the methylene blue solution for one week. The roots were sectioned horizontally into three sections: apical, middle, and coronal. The occlusal direction of each section was digitally photographed under a stereomicroscope. Dye penetration area was calculated as the methylene blue-infiltrated surface divided by total dentin area. After the two-way Anova test results, Tukey HSD and Bonferroni tests were used for multiple comparisons. According to the test results, ZP luted with Panavia F showed the best microleakage results and glass fiber posts luted with smartcem 2 showed the most unsuccessful microleakage results (p = 0.146).

Coronal microleakage of endodontically treated teeth with intracanal post exposed to fresh human saliva

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the coronal microleakage of endodontically treated teeth prepared to receive an intracanal post and teeth with an intracanal post but without a prosthetic crown and exposed to contamination by fresh human saliva.Material and MethodsA mechanical-chemical preparation following the step-back technique was carried out in 35 extracted single-rooted human teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups: G1=root canals instrumented, obturated, and prepared to receive an intracanal post (N=10); G2=root canals with cemented posts but without coronal sealing (N=10); PC1=positive control root canals instrumented and open (N=5); PC2=positive control 2 root canals without instrumentation and open (N=5); and NC=negative control healthy teeth (N=5). The crowns were removed except for the control group of intact teeth. The root canals were obturated and sterilized with cobalt 60 gamma irradiation and were then adapted in an apparatus using a Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium and fresh human saliva for contamination. Microbial growth was indicated by the presence of turbidity in the BHI liquid medium.ResultsData were submitted to the Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis and the Holm-Sidak statistic method, which observed an index of 90% of microleakage in root canals after 24 hours for G1 and 70% of microleakage in samples at the end of 40 days for G2.ConclusionThe results show that root canals with an intracanal post but without a prosthetic crown can be recontaminated when exposed to fresh human saliva in a short period.

Qualitative SEM/EDS analysis of microleakage and apical gap formation of adhesive root-filling materials

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the correspondence between gap formation and apical microleakage in root canals filled with epoxy resin-based (AH Plus) combined or not with resinous primer or with a dimethacrylate-based root canal sealer (Epiphany). Material and MethodsThirty-nine lower single-rooted human premolars were filled by the lateral condensation technique (LC) and immersed in a 50-wt% aqueous silver nitrate solution at 37ºC (24 h). After longitudinal sectioning, epoxy resin replicas were made from the tooth specimens. Both the replicas and the specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The gaps were observed in the replicas. Apical microleakage was detected in the specimens by SEM/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The data were analyzed statistically using an Ordinal Logistic Regression model and Analysis of Correspondence (α=0.05). ResultsEpiphany presented more regions containing gaps between dentin and sealer (p<0.05). There was correspondence between the presence of gaps and microleakage (p<0.05). Microleakage was similar among the root-filling materials (p>0.05). ConclusionsThe resinous primer did not improve the sealing ability of AH Plus sealer and the presence of gaps had an effect on apical microleakage for all materials.

Influence of Dynamic Loading and Different Adhesive Systems on the Microleakage in Root Canals

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of dynamic loading and different adhesive systems on the microleakage in root canals. 80 human premolars were used in this study. The crowns of the teeth were sectioned at the cemento-enamel junction using a low speed diamond saw. After post space preparation, the roots were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 20) and restored with different adhesive systems. Group 1: Rely X ARC (RA) + Single Bond (SA), Group 2: Clearfil SA Cement (CL), Group 3: Panavia F 2.0 (PAN), Group 4: Rely X Unicem (RU). All the teeth were restored with the same type of glass fiber post and coronal cores built up with light-polymerizing hybrid composite resin. Half of the specimens of each group (n = 10) were subjected to additional dynamic loading in a universal testing machine. Apical parts of the roots were attached to computerized fluid filtration device for leakage measurement. The two-way ANOVA test was used first to detect overall significance, followed by two-sample t-test to identify which pairs of groups had significant differences. For each outcome statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Dynamic loading significantly increased the microleakage values for Rely X ARC (p = 0.005), Clearfil SA Cement (p = 0.002) and Rely X Unicem groups (p = 0.001) but Panavia F 2.0 group was not affected by the dynamic loading (p = 0.111). One-way ANOVA test was applied to detect any significant differences in microleakage values for the adhesive systems. In the unloaded groups, there is no difference between the adhesive systems (p = 0.13). For the dynamically loaded groups, there is only significant difference between PAN and RA groups (p = 0.010). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were done using Tukey’s multiple comparisons. Differences between Rely X ARC-Clearfil SA Cement and Rely X ARC-Panavia F 2.0 are statistically significant (p = 0.009, 0.013).

Sealing ability of lateral compaction and tapered single cone gutta-percha techniques in root canals prepared with stainless steel and rotary nickel titanium instruments

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of lateral compaction and tapered single cone gutta-percha techniques in root canals prepared with stainless steel and rotary nickel titanium root canal instruments by fluid filtration method. Study design: The root canals were prepared with stainless steel (SS) and nickel titanium (NiTi) instruments. The canals prepared with SS were obturated with lateral compaction technique using .02 tapered cones and the canals prepared with NiTi instruments were obturated with lateral compaction technique using .02 tapered cones or 06 tapered single cones. The amount of leakage was evaluated by fluid filtration model. The results were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA. Results: The group prepared with NiTi instruments and filled with lateral compaction technique showed significantly less coronal leakage than the group prepared with SS instruments and filled with lateral compaction technique (p<0.05). There was no statistically difference between apical leakages of groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Obturation with lateral compaction of gutta-percha provides a superior coronal seal whilst canal instrumentation with engine-driven NiTi files reduces the extent of microleakage in root canals when compared with stainless steel hand instruments. Tapered single cone technique was comparable with lateral compaction technique because of easier application. Key words:Apical leakage, coronal leakage, lateral compaction technique, single cone technique.

Comparing microleakage in root canals obturated with nanosilver coated gutta-percha to standard gutta-percha by two different methods.

Favorable apical seal of root filling materials is a crucial factor for a successful root canal treatment. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare bacterial and dye microleakage of two root canal filling materials including standard gutta-percha and nanosilver coated gutta-percha, and to evaluate the agreement between results of these two methods. Fifty-eight extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups of 26 each, and two control groups of three each. After decoronation, root canals were instrumented by crown-down technique. Obturation was conducted using standard gutta-percha in one of experimental groups and nanosilver-coated gutta-percha in another group. AH26 sealer was used as the sealer in both experimental groups. Bacterial leakage was investigated after 60 days using Enterococcus (E.) faecalis microbial strains, and dye leakage was assessed during 72 hours using 1% methylene blue. The data were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cohen's Kappa. There was 84% bacterial leakage in standard gutta-percha group and 76% in nanosilver gutta-percha group. Complete dye leakage occurred in 24% and 27% of standard and nanosilver gutta-percha groups, respectively. The above difference between groups was not significant. In the samples with leakage, recorded times of leakage were not significantly different. There was no significant measure of agreement between dye and bacterial penetration along root-end fillings. There was a poor agreement between dye and bacterial leakage methods. Leakage results produced by nanosilver gutta-percha were comparable to those by standard gutta-percha. Considering the antibacterial effects of nanosilver coated gutta-percha, use of this type of gutta-percha might be more efficacious in endodontic treatments.

An in vitro assessment of apical microleakage in root canals obturated with gutta-flow, resilon, thermafil and lateral condensation: A stereomicroscopic study

Aim:The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the apical microleakage of Resilon to Thermafil, Gutta-flow and Cold lateral condensation using a dye penetration method.Materials and Methods:Sixty extracted human maxillary single rooted teeth with intact roots were selected. Decoronation was followed by canal preparation upto ISO size 50. Teeth were then randomly divided into four groups for obturation. Group I – Cold lateral condensation with AH Plus, Group II – Gutta-flow with master cone, Group III– Thermafil with AH Plus, Group IV– Resilon with Self-etch epiphany. Apical microleakage was assessed by dye penetration test under stereomicroscope.Result:The result was analyzed statistically and showed that Resilon provides a best seal. Gutta-flow exhibited maximum microleakage. All the four groups at some level or the other exhibited some percentage of microleakage.Conclusions:None of the methods showed a fluid-tight seal.

Coronal microleakage in root canals obturated with lateral compaction, warm vertical compaction and guttaflow system.

Root canal obturation seals the root canal system to prevent re-entry and/or growth of microorganisms. The provision of an appropriate restoration to coronally seal the access cavity affects the success of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the coronal microbial leakage in root canals that were either filled by lateral compaction, GuttaFlow or warm vertical compaction. In this ex vivo study, 80 single-rooted human extracted teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=20) and two positive and negative control groups (n=10). The teeth in experimental groups were obturated with cold lateral compaction, GuttaFlow system or warm vertical compaction techniques. After sterilization of the whole system with gamma-ray, saliva leakage was tested using a split-chamber model. Specimens were monitored every 24 hours for 30 days. The data were analyzed using log-rank and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis tests. There were no significant differences in impeding saliva leakage between the three experimental groups (P>0.05). Under the conditions of this ex vivo study, it can be concluded that the sealing ability of cold lateral compaction, warm vertical compaction and GuttaFlow system was comparable.

Effect of chlorhexidine on coronal microleakage from root canals obturated with Resilon/Epiphany self-etch

This ex vivo study compared saliva coronal microleakage in root canals filled with Resilon/Epiphany Self-Etch (SE) system after final irrigation with different solutions. A total of 60 extracted single-rooted human teeth were instrumented using Mtwo Ni-Ti rotary instruments and divided into two experimental groups (n = 20 each) and positive and negative control groups (n = 10 each). The canals were irrigated with 1.3% NaOCl during instrumentation. After removing the smear layer with 17% EDTA, the root canals in groups A and B were flushed with distilled water and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), respectively, after which they were obturated with Resilon/Epiphany SE using lateral compaction technique. After sterilizing the whole system with gamma-rays, saliva leakage was tested using a split-chamber model. Specimens were monitored every 24 h for 60 days. The data collected were then analyzed using the chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. As compared with group A, the specimens in group B tended to be more resistant to saliva leakage; however, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that 2% CHX is a good conditioner for root canal dentin before use of Resilon/Epiphany SE.

In vitro evaluation of coronal microleakage associated with two root obturation techniques

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the smear layer on the coronal microleakage in root canals obturated with laterally condensed cold gutta-percha or Thermafil and two root canal sealers. Materials and methods: Sixty extracted single-rooted human teeth with straight root canals were allocated to two experimental groups. The root canals were instrumented using the STEP-BACK technique, K reamers and K files and irrigated with 2.5 % NaOCl. The teeth in the first group were treated with 17% EDTA and 2.5 % NaOCl to remove the smear layer. The teeth in both groups were obturated either with laterally condensed cold guttapercha (28 teeth) or Thermafil gutta-percha with plastic cores (28 teeth) and RSA or AH-PLUS sealers. The specimens were evaluated for coronal microleakage using silver nitrate solution. The linear penetration of the dye was assessed using a binocular magnifying glass (x25), with an inserted micrometer scale. Results: The results showed low coronal microleakage in the group where the smear layer was removed in both the lateral compaction technique (RSA - 1.71mm and AHPLUS - 1.61mm) and the Thermafil groups - RSA (1.65mm) and AH-PLUS (1.66mm). In the group with the intact smear layer, greater microleakage was noticed in both groups, lateral compaction technique -RSA (3.06 mm) and AH-PLUS (2.83mm) and Thermafil technique -RSA (2.99mm) and AH-PLUS ( 2.83mm). The difference was statistically significant between the groups with and without the smear layer for both RSA (p&lt; 0.001) and AH-PLUS sealers ( p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: The present results suggest that the removal of the smear layer significantly improves the tightness of the coronal seal and reduces the coronal microleakage.

Microleakage of root fillings: thermoplastic injection compared with lateral condensation

Root canals can be filled rapidly by injecting gutta percha softened at 70°C. The microleakage of root canals which have been filled using this technique was compared with that of canals filled by lateral condensation of gutta percha. Root canal sealer was used with both techniques. Linear penetration of dye and volumetric leakage using 51Cr-labelled sodium chromate and 125I-labelled albumin (mol. wt. 67 000) were measured. The pattern of leakage revealed by dye penetration was different for the two techniques, with lateral condensation showing more variability. No significant differences were found for linear or volumetric leakage.