Microflora Of Periodontal Pockets Research Articles

ROLE OF LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS IN THE DENTAL PRACTICE

Laboratory methods play a crucial role in dental practice, as the state of a patient's oral cavity frequently mirrors disruptions in metabolic processes within the body, and can also provide insights into potential pathology affecting individual organs and systems.
 The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of employing laboratory methods in patients with periodontal tissue diseases.
 We conducted examinations on 35 patients diagnosed with chronic generalized periodontitis of degrees II and III, along with 15 patients diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Additionally, a control group comprising 15 patients diagnosed solely through clinical examination methods with generalized periodontitis was included in the study.
 All patients underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including general and biochemical blood tests. The investigation of periodontal pocket contents involved cytological and microbiological analyses, employing the method of successive serial rinses.
 The patients diagnosed with generalized periodontitis have demonstrated a slight elevation in leukocyte count to 10-12*109/l upon the assessment of the general clinical blood test, indicating an exacerbation of the pathological process in periodontal tissues.
 Furthermore, patients with generalized periodontitis have exhibited leukocyte migration in oral fluid exceeding 120, signifying disease exacerbation. Cytological examination of periodontal pocket contents revealed a notable presence of epithelial cells.
 In the microbiocenoses of both gingival and periodontal pockets, representatives of aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms were predominant. Among patients diagnosed with catarrhal gingivitis, these microorganisms constituted 74.25% of the microbiota, while in those with generalized periodontitis, they accounted for 62.70%. During periods of exacerbated periodontitis, there was an increase in the proportion of anaerobes within the microflora of periodontal pockets, rising from 23.15% to 29.40%.
 Research results have shown that patients with inflammatory and inflammatory-dystrophic periodontal diseases experience dysbiosis of gingival and periodontal pockets, characterized by a decrease in the antagonism of symbiont bacteria to pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms. The correct interpretation of laboratory studies carried out over time has not only diagnostic and prognostic significance, but is decisive in the choice of adequate treatment.

Optimization of antibacterial therapy in patients with endo-periodontal lesions

To improve the quality and effectiveness of medical care for patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases, it is necessary to search for new approaches in both diagnosis and treatment. The aim of our study is to determine the effect of the diode laser on the pathogenic microflora of periodontal pockets and root canals in patients with endo-periodontal lesions (EPL). We carried out a comparative assessment of the bacterial contents of the root canals and periodontal pockets by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) before and after treatment with a diode laser (Doctor Smile Simpler, wavelength 980 nm) for 54 patients with EPL. The control group consisted of 56 patients who were treated according to the generally accepted method, including professional oral hygiene, endodontic treatment, and curettage of periodontal pockets. Evaluation criteria were a qualitative assessment of the content of periodontopathogens in the root canal and periodontal pocket before and after and treatment. As a result of our study, we found a statistically significant (p<0.01) reduction in the colonization of periodontal pockets and root canals in patients with EPL after laser decontamination. The high technological effectiveness of the methods used in combination with the low risk of complications at the stages of endodontic and periodontological treatment provides an antibacterial effect and reduces the duration of inflammation. The results of treatment of patients using a diode laser give reason to recommend their use in the dental practice.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Laser Therapy in Complex Treatment of periodontal Diseases

Aim: The object of the study is to increase the efficiency of treatment in patients with generalized periodontitis by using a laser in complex treatment. Materials and Methods: Eighty patients underwent for instrumental and X-ray examination of the oral cavity, bacteriological studies of the microbiota of periodontal pockets, clinical analysis of peripheral blood that was taken from the ulnar vein and capillary blood that taken from the gums, as a local treatment carried lesion treatment portion of diode laser. Results: It was determined that opportunistic microflora, dominating before treatment in the contents of periodontal pockets, was not isolated in all patients, but on the 10th day of treatment, the microflora of periodontal pockets had stabilized. Both in the main group and in the comparison group, among neutrophils and monocytes, the populations of phagocytes with a low digesting ability prevailed, however, the proportions of medium- and highly active phagocytes after laser treatment were higher than after treatment with standard conservative therapy. Conclusions: The use of a laser for the therapeutic stage of the complex treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis of the I-II degree, chronic course contributes to the acceleration of reparative processes, a decrease in the degree of destruction in bone tissue, a decrease in the intensity of pain syndrome, a decrease in collateral edema, has an antibacterial effect and a longer stabilization of the periodontal condition.

Дослідження ефективності протизапального гелю та ополіскувача «Періо-Ейд» у комплексній терапії пацієнтів з генералізованим пародонтитом перед ортодонтичним лікуванням

Summary. This article investigates the effectiveness and comparative assessment of the effect of gel and rinse aid «Perio-Aid» microflora of periodontal pockets, periodontal tissue and prevention of recurrence of inflammatory processes in the periodontium in young people before orthodontic treatment. It was found that Perio-Aid has more pronounced anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties compared to other by means of local therapy. According to the data of clinical and microbiological studies, it has been established that the use of Perio-Aid is already in the tenth day leads to a decrease in the number of periodontal pathogenic microorganisms, eliminates the symptoms of inflammation, reduces the depth of periodontal pockets and has a positive effect on the course of the initial generalized periodontitis, which shortens the preparation time for orthodontic treatment. Key words: periodontium-pathogenic microorganisms, generalized periodontitis.

48 Anti-inflammatory and bactericidal action of LED medolight device at treatment of dental diseases

48 Anti-inflammatory and bactericidal action of LED medolight device at treatment of dental diseases

Early colonization of dental implants by putative periodontal pathogens in partially edentulous patients.

There is limited scientific information available on the early colonization of the peri-implant pockets in partially edentulous individuals. Knowledge about this process is one step in better understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. In this study, the early colonization of the peri-implant pockets by putative periodontal pathogens was studied in 20 partially edentulous individuals using anaerobic culture techniques. At baseline, the presence and levels of putative periodontal pathogens in the microflora of periodontal pockets and saliva were established. Immediately after loading of the titanium implants and after 6 and 12 months the presence and levels of selected putative periodontal pathogens were determined in periodontal and peri-implant pockets. A second aim was to detect bacterial contamination of the implant site and the inside of the implant. At baseline, the most frequently isolated species from the periodontal pockets were Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Peptostreptococcus micros. Bacteroides forsythus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were isolated from 9, 2 and 3 patients respectively. Six months after placing of the bridges, the majority of the implant sites had detectable levels of most periodontal bacterial species with the exception of A. actinomycetemcomitans which could not be isolated from any of the peri-implant samples during the experimental period, although 2 patients had this organism at baseline. In 2 patients with detectable subgingival P. gingivalis at baseline this species was found after 12 months in the peri-implant sites. One of these patients lost 2 implants which was associated with a high proportion of P. gingivalis in the peri-implant pockets. A second patient developed 2 fistulas around 2 implants at 8 months and this event was also associated with the presence of P. gingivalis. It is concluded that proper periodontal infection control before installment of dental implants in partially edentulous patients may prevent early bacterial complications.

Short‐term bactericidal activity of chlorhexidine gel, stannous fluoride gel and amine fluoride gel tested in periodontal pockets

The short-term bactericidal effect of 2% chlorhexidine gel, 4% stannous fluoride gel or amine fluoride gel containing 1.25% fluoride on the subgingival microflora was determined in 40 periodontal pockets of 10 patients. The antimicrobial gels or placebo gel were applied in 5-9 mm deep periodontal pockets 3 times within 10 min. Before and 30 min after the applications, samples were taken of the subgingival microflora for determination of the total number of bacteria as well as the number of black pigmented Bacteroides. Reductions of the total number of bacteria were found in all test groups. The reductions found in the pockets treated with chlorhexidine gel or stannous fluoride gel were significantly greater than the reduction found in the pockets treated with a placebo gel. A significant reduction of black-pigmented Bacteroides was found after treatment with chlorhexidine gel or amine fluoride gel. It is concluded that 2% chlorhexidine gel or 4% stannous fluoride gel has a more than 99% reduction effect on the microflora of periodontal pockets within 30 min after application.

Juvenile periodontitis

The microflora of periodontal pockets and some histopathological characteristics of adjacent tissues from individuals with clinical signs of juvenile periodontitis were studied. Adult individuals with ordinary, rapidly advancing periodontitis served as controls. All of the patients had been referred for specialist treatment. Using criteria defined by Baer (19z1), the patients were assigned to one juvenile periodontitis (eight patients), one post-juvenile periodontitis (seven patients) and one adult periodontitis group (seven patients). Only lesions around the first molars and central incisors were studied. Bacterial samples were obtained from each site and were examined by darkfield microscopy and different morphological forms identified. The soft tissue of the diseased sites was excised. The biopsies were placed in a fixative, cut in 1-mm-thick blocks and embedded in Epon. In semithin sections the infiltrated connective tissue (ICT) was identified and the ICT portion further processed for electron microscopy. The numeric and volumetric densities of different cells and structures of the ICT were determined using a morphometric point-counting procedure. The results showed that juvenile periodontitis lesions are associated with a subgingival microflora, the composition of which is different from that of adult periodontitis. Thus, in patients belonging to the adult periodontitis and post-juvenile periodontitis groups, motile microorganisms dominated the subgingival plaque samples, whereas deep pockets in juvenile periodontitis lesions contained a flora dominated by coccoid cells and straight non-motile rods. The most pronounced difference in the composition of ICT between the juvenile on one hand and the post-juvenile and adult periodontitis lesions on the other, was related to the amount of extracellular structures. Thus, in post-juvenile and adult periodontitis lesions, collagen and residual tissue made up around 50% of the infiltrate. In the juvenile periodontitis lesions, however, extracellular structures occupied only around 20% of the volume. In the ICT of the juvenile periodontitis sites, around 70% of the volume was occupied by plasma cells and blast cells. The corresponding figures for the post-juvenile and adult periodontitis sites were 50 and 30%.

Local tetracycline delivery using hollow fiber devices in periodontal therapy

Abstract. The present investigation was performed to assess the effect of tetracycline, locally administered via hollow fiber devices, on the microflora of periodontal pockets in humans and on various clinical parameters describing periodontitis. Five patients with advanced periodontal disease were used in the study. Each patient had at least four pairs of contralateral teeth where approximally located pockets could be probed to 6 mm or more. The amount of supragingival plaque present on the tooth surface adjacent to the eight diseased sites was determined as well as the degree of gingival inflammation. Probing depths were recorded with a graduated probe. The clinical measurements were repeated 7, 14, 28, and 37 days following the start of treatment. From the eight pockets bacterial samples were collected from deep subgingival sites. The bacteria were examined in a dark‐field microscope and categorized into the following groups: cocci and non‐motile rods, filaments and fusiforms, motile and curved rods and spirochetes. The percentage distribution of the various forms was calculated. Following the initial examination the patients were given detailed instruction in proper oral hygiene techniques. Three of the diseased sites were treated by scaling and three by tetracycline application using the hollow fiber device. One pair of sites was used as untreated controls. On day 28 the three initially mechanically debrided sites were scaled anew and active fiber material inserted in the three contralateral sites.The experiments showed that it is possible by the use of tetracycline‐filled hollow fiber devices to markedly change the composition of the subgingival flora of initially diseased periodontal sites. Locally delivered tetracycline proved effective in reducing or eliminating clinical symptoms of periodontal pathology.