Microflora Of Broiler Chickens Research Articles

A Novel Formulation of Synbiotics Fortified with Phytoactives for Augmentation of Performance, Meat and Litter Quality, Health, Gut Health and Gut Microflora in Broiler Chickens

Background: Antibiotic resistance raised interest in probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics as alternatives for improving gut health in chickens. This feeding trial aims to assess the effectiveness of a synbiotic formulation with phytoactives (SFP). Methods: On the first day of the trial, 160 Cobb 430Y one-day-old chicks were procured from a hatchery and split into groupings: G1, G2, G3 and G4. Each group comprised four replicates of 10 birds. G1 was raised with no antibiotics growth promoter (AGPs) on typical commercial feed. While G2, G3 and G4 were reared on standard commercial feed, they were also given supplements of competitor product I (CP-I) at a rate of 500 g/ton, competitor product II (CP-II) at a rate of 100 g/ton and SFP at a rate of 150 g/ton, respectively. Result: Dietary SFP supplementation at 150 g/ton improves nutrient absorption, digestion, growth performance, feed efficiency, immunity and overall wellbeing, increasing poultry safety and recommended as an alternative to AGP in commercial broiler production.

Dietary supplementation with sea buckthorn meal alone and in combination with bilberry leaves: assessment of growth performance, health status and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens

Abstract This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of sea buckthorn meal alone and in combination with bilberry leaves on growth performance, health status and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 90 healthy 1-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups and housed in digestibility cages under controlled environmental conditions. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (T0), a basal diet +1% sea buckthorn meal (T1) and a basal diet + 1% sea buckthorn meal and bilberry leaves (T2). The results showed that experimental diets did not influenced the growth performance. At 42 d, T2 had the highest serum iron level among the three groups. Compared to T0, T1 and T2 significantly reduced Enterobacteriaceae, E.coli and staphylococci in the cecal and intestinal contents and improved the lactobacilli populations number. The most effective way to reduce the number of harmful bacteria in the cecal content was through the diet that contained sea buckthorn meal alone. In conclusion, adding sea buckthorn meal in the diet of broiler chickens can be an effective solution to promote a healthy gut microflora. This aligns with the current strategy of reducing agro-industrial food waste by repurposing it in other industries.

Abstract 1306 Evaluation of the Effect of Lysine on the Microflora of Broiler Chickens by using Lactobacillus reuteri as an in vitro model

Abstract 1306 Evaluation of the Effect of Lysine on the Microflora of Broiler Chickens by using Lactobacillus reuteri as an in vitro model

Effect of fermented tomato pomace on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens.

Solid-state fermentation is a useful method for the utilization of the agri-industrial residues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tomato pomace (TP) and Aspergillus niger-fermented tomato pomace (FTP) on the growth performance, some carcass traits, antioxidant status, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 140 Ross 308 one-day-old male chicks were allocated to one of four treatment groups consisting of five replicates of seven chicks each. Chicks were fed ad libitum with the corn-soybean based basal diet (control), the basal diet supplemented with 0.25 g/kg synthetic antioxidant, 10g/kg TP or 10g/kg FTP for 42 days. Dietary TP increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) but did not affect the growth performance. Dietary inclusion of FTP improved the feed conversion ratio and raised serum GPx and SOD. Carcass traits, malondialdehyde level, pH, and color of breast meat and cecal microflora were not affected by dietary treatments. The results of the study showed that TP can be used as a natural antioxidant in broiler diets without a detrimental effect on growth performance. Dietary FTP can be suggested as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants with beneficial effects on growth performance and antioxidant capacity.

Effect of dietary lysophospholipid supplementation on growth performance, serum lipids, small intestine morphology and caeca microflora in broiler chickens.

The digestibility of animal fats and oils is limited by a reduction in the production and secretion of lipase and bile salts in young chickens. The addition of a natural emulsifier (lysophospholipids [LPL]) in poultry diet may increase the emulsification of lipids and their digestibility. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed LPLs supplementation with different fat sources on performance, serum lipid composition, small intestine morphology and caeca microflora in broiler chickens. A completely randomized factorial design (2×3×2) was used to evaluate the effect of LPL supplementation (0 and 0.25g/kg) and three different fat sources (soybean oil, tallow and a 50:50 mixture of the two) in corn and soybean meal diets containing two levels of fat (1.5 and 3%), providing 12 isocaloric and isonitrogenous grower diets. Each experimental diet was fed to six replications of 10 birds from 15 to 28 days of age. Average growth performance during this period and small intestine morphology, serum lipid composition and caeca microflora were evaluated on day 28. The interaction effects of LPL supplementation, source and/or level of fats were not significant for the performance parameters measured during the 15 to 28 days. The treatment effects were significant for the villus width and crypt depth measured in the jejunum on day 28. The LPL supplementation significantly increased crypt depth. The interaction effect of fat source and level of fat were significant for villus width. The addition of a 3% blend of soybean oil/tallow (50/50) reduced the serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level. The Lactobacillus population was increased by the addition of LPL, or a 1.5% blend of soybean oil and tallow, to the diet. Our study showed that LPL supplementation of diet containing a 1.5% blend of soybean oil and tallow can improve serum lipid indices and caeca Lactobacillus populations in broiler chickens.

Probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics in modulating the intestinal microbiota and performance of broiler chickens.

Gut bacteria play an important role in poultry nutrition and the immune defense system. Changes in the intestinal microbiome affect the physiological state, metabolism and innate im-munity of poultry. The present study aimed to characterize age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract microflora in broiler chickens, depending on supplementation of the diet with the in-feed antibiotic Stafac® 110 and a Bacillus subtilis strain-based probiotic. In this regard, a comprehensive analysis of the taxonomic structure of the microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens was carried out using a molecular genetic technique of the Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis and taking into account age dynamics and feeding treatment. A beneficial effect on the microbiological composition and body weight of broilers was observed when using the antibiotic and probiotic in compound feeds. Different bacterial communities were revealed in the duodenum and cecum and their positive impact on broiler growth was established. The results obtained shed light on the formation of GIT microflora of broiler chickens during the growing period and its changes in response to the use of the antibiotic and the probiotic. We suggest that the implementation of the tested in-feed antibiotic and probiotic can be beneficial in regulating the intestinal microflora microbiological processes in the GIT and improving the feeding efficiency and productivity of broiler chickens.

Effect of Dietary Pongamia pinnata on Immunity and Gut Microflora in Broiler Chickens

Effect of Dietary Pongamia pinnata on Immunity and Gut Microflora in Broiler Chickens

The effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in comparison with a prebiotic on productive performance, blood constituents, immunity and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens

A total of 320 one-day-old broiler chickens were used in a 42-day feeding trial to evaluate the effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in comparison with a prebiotic on-growth performance, blood constitutes, immunity and intestinal microflora. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet (control); control + prebiotic (Fermacto™); control + 0.1% peppermint; control + 0.1% chicory, respectively. A significant (p < 0.05) body weight gain and feed intake was found at 21 and 42 days of growth period in broilers fed diet supplemented with 0.1% chicory compared with other groups. Feeding of prebiotic or chicory led to higher (p < 0.05) feed intake. Chickens fed control diet had higher (p < 0.05) abdominal fat compared with the other groups. Serum blood constituents indicated that broilers fed prebiotic or supplemented with peppermint or chicory had reduced (p < 0.05) levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein than control group. Immunity-related parameters showed that chicken fed chicory had lower (p < 0.05) heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio compared with the other groups. Intestinal microflora revealed that chickens fed prebiotic or herbals had higher count of Lactobacillus and lower E. coli than control. Thus, it can be concluded that broiler dietary supplementation with prebiotic or chicory can improve performance supporting positively health status.

The Effects of Feed Withdrawal, Transport and Lairage on Intestinal Microflora in Broiler Chickens

The Effects of Feed Withdrawal, Transport and Lairage on Intestinal Microflora in Broiler Chickens

Determination of the Photoditazine photosensitizer solution effect on the productivity and microflora of broiler chickens

The scientific work analyzes the effectiveness of the Photoditazine photosensitizer for rearing broiler chickens to prevent infectious diseases, in particular salmonellosis. In the conducted studies, the presence of antimicrobial activity in photosensitizers in experiments on bacterial cultures was confirmed by the example of a second-generation photosensitizer - Photoditazine, the active substance of which is dimeglumine chlorin E6. Comparisons of weight gain in broiler chickens from experimental groups were carried out, the composition of the microflora of experimental groups was determined. The harmlessness of the oral use of the Photoditazine photosensitizer was revealed by measuring the main hematological and biochemical parameters of experimental bird groups. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded about the effectiveness of the use of Photoditazine photosensitizer to maintain the well-being of production poultry livestock.

Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immunity, short chain fatty acid production, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broilers

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) or Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and the cecal microflora in broiler chickens. In total, 360 male, 1-day-old Cobb 500 birds were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group was fed a basal diet; the B. subtilis group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 109 CFU/kg B. subtilis; the B. licheniformis group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 109 CFU/kg B. licheniformis. Results showed that chickens supplemented with either B. subtilis or B. licheniformis had comparatively higher (P < 0.05) body weight and average daily gain, whereas no difference (P > 0.05) was observed in feed efficiency. Concentrations of serum IgA, IgY, and IgM, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by B. subtilis or B. licheniformis supplementation. Moreover, chickens fed with diets supplemented by either B. subtilis or B. licheniformis had greater antioxidant capacity, indicated by the notable increases (P < 0.05) in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, along with decrease (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde. Compared to the control group, levels of SCFA, excluding acetic and propionic acid, in cecal content had improved (P < 0.05) by adding B. licheniformis, and significant increase (P < 0.05) in acetic and butyric acid was observed with B. subtilis supplementation. Microbial analysis showed that both B. subtilis or B. licheniformis supplementation could increase butyrate-producing bacteria such as Alistipes and Butyricicoccus, and decrease pathogenic bacteria such as the Synergistetes and Gammaproteobacteria. In summary, dietary supplemented with B. subtilis or B. licheniformis improved growth performance, immune status, and antioxidant capacity, increased SCFA production, and modulated cecal microbiota in chickens. Moreover, B. licheniformis was more effective than B. subtilis with the same supplemental amount.

Effect of raw and fermented grape seed on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens

Grape seed (GS) is a by-product of the fruit juice and wine industry with the potential to be an alternative to synthetic antioxidants due to its antioxidant activity. Agro-industrial residues can be converted to more effective products by solid-state fermentation. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of GS and fermented grape seed (FGS) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 128 female broilers were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, each consisting of four replicates of eight birds. Throughout the 42-day feeding period, the birds were fed with soybean-corn based diet (CON), 0.15 g/kg synthetic antioxidant (butylated hydroxyanisole) supplemented diet (AO), 5 g/kg GS supplemented diet (GS), and 5 g/kg FGS supplemented diet (FGS). Dietary GS, FGS, and AO supplementation increased the BW (P < 0.05) and average daily weight gain (ADG, P < 0.05) compared with the CON group in the overall period of 42 days. Dietary FGS also increased the ADG (P < 0.05) in the period of 22–42 days compared with the control group. The pH of the breast meat of the chickens fed GS was higher (P < 0.01) than CON and FGS groups. Dietary FGS and AO decreased the b* value (P < 0.01) of breast meat compared with the CON group. Grape seed had the highest serum glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) and catalase (CAT, P < 0.01) levels among the treatment groups. The FGS also increased serum CAT level (P < 0.01) compared with the AO group. Moreover, dietary FGS supplementation increased Lactobacillus spp. (P < 0.05) in the cecum compared with the other treatment groups and decreased Staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.05) compared with the CON and AO groups. The present findings indicate that GS and FGS can be used in broiler diets as alternatives to synthetic antioxidants.

Interaction effects of dietary ginger Zingiber officinale and yeast Sacharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on performance, carcass yield and gut micro flora of broiler chickens

Consumer concern for drug residues in meat and eggs as well as ban imposed on the use of antibiotics in animal feed as growth promoter call for alternative search. A 56days feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of ginger inclusion with and without yeast supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, gut micro flora of broiler chickens. A total of One hundred and eighty day, one old Arbor acre broiler chicks wereallotted on weight equalization basis to 6 dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangements (3 levels of ginger (0%, 4% and 5%) with and without yeast (0%, 1% levels). The treatments were replicated thrice with ten birds per replicate. Feed and water were provided ad- libtum. Performance showed that birds on combination (5% ginger and 1% yeast) recorded highest weight (1527g) with better feed conversion while least weight (1202g) and least feed conversion were recorded with birds on ginger only. Highest eviscerated weight (1362.50g) and dressing percentage (72.79%) were recorded in broiler chicks on 1%Yeast + 5% Ginger while least values (1087.50g, 62.39%) were recorded with birds on yeast only. Total bacteria count increased from 1.20 x106cfu/ml (control) to 1.70 x106cfu/ml in diets supplemented 1% yeast and 5% ginger as well as Lactobacillus count increased with supplementation level Total anaerobic count decreased from1.10 x106cfu/ml in control diet to 0.68 x106cfu/ml in birds fed1% yeast and 5% ginger likewise coliform, clostridium and bacillus counts decreased with the additives (yeast and ginger) inclusion. It can be concluded that inclusion of ginger and yeast at 5% and 1% respectively in the diets improved performance and reduced pathogenic biota without detrimental effects in broiler chickens and might therefore serve as a natural substitute for synthetic growth promoters.

Effect of dietary orange and grapefruit peel on growth performance, health status, meat quality and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens

In our experiment we studied the effect of dietary orange peel (OP) and grapefruit peel (GP) on broilers health and thigh meat quality. The experiment was conducted on 126 Cobb 500 broiler chicks, assigned to three dietary treatments with 42 broilers per group. Each treatment was conducted in 3 experimental growth boxes, corresponding to 6 replicate pens per treatment and 7 broilers per pen. The growth boxes had identical size with a capacity of 3.5 m2 per box. Experimental dietary treatments differed from control diet (C) by addition of 2% OP or 2% GP supplement. A significant increase in body weight was exhibited in OP group compared to GP group (p < .05). Serum energetic profile (glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride) were lowered in both OP and GP supplemented groups compared to C birds (p < .05). Among fatty acids in thigh meat, OP group has increased the sum of PUFA compared to GP group. Dietary OP and GP have effectively reduced the oxidation process occurring during storage measured by the thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS) values in thigh meat. Therefore, lipid oxidation was delayed by incorporating the two citrus peels in broiler diet. Monitoring the antimicrobial effect of OP and GP on intestinal and caecal microbiota population, the supplements reduced the growth of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp., proving their antimicrobial effect, while the beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillus spp. was significantly improved. Highlights The use of vegetable residues in the animal diets is an important economic and environmental factor. The positive effects were observed on thigh meat lipid oxidation, serum energetic profile and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. Citrus peel in broilers feeding can act as natural antioxidant and feed additive.

Blood Profiles, Intestinal Morphometric and Ceaca Micro Flora of Broiler Chickens Fed with Urea Molasses Treated Maize Cob

Blood Profiles, Intestinal Morphometric and Ceaca Micro Flora of Broiler Chickens Fed with Urea Molasses Treated Maize Cob

Evaluation of olive leaf extract as a growth promoter on the performance, blood biochemical parameters, and caecal microflora of broiler chickens

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to examine the effects of an alcoholic liquid olive leaf extract (OLE) obtained from fresh leaves on the growth performance, carcass weight, caecal microflora, and some plasma variables, such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in broiler chickens. A total of 375 one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly divided into five treatments with five replicate pens (15 birds each) per treatment. The birds were fed either [...]

Effect of probiotic preparations (EM) and sex on morphometric characteristics of the digestive system and leg bones, and caecal microflora in broiler chickens

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to determine the effect of probiotic preparations Pro-Biotyk EM-15 and EMFarma™ and sex on morphometric characteristics of the digestive system and leg bones, and caecal microflora in Ross 308 broiler chickens. One-day chicks were distributed into two groups in two rooms (control, experimental). Each facility contained 9000 Ross 308 chicks and was divided into four compartments. A total of 48 Ross 308 broiler chickens aged 42 days were evaluated, including 12 males and 12 females which received no probiotics, and 12 males and 12 females supplemented with EM preparations. At the age of 42 days, EM supplemented broilers had significantly greater total intestine length, higher intestine–body length ratio and higher proventriculus percentage in body weight. Regardless of the treatment, males exhibited higher body weight, duodenum, jejunum, ileum lengths and total intestine length, higher intestine–body length ratio and spleen weight, and lower duodenum diameter and liver percentage. The group × sex interaction was significant for smallest breadth of the corpus of femur bone and greatest diagonal of proximal end, smallest breadth of the corpus and smallest breadth of distal end of tibia bone.

Use of Bacillus subtilis PB6 enriched with choline to improve growth performance, immune status, histological parameters and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens

Context Probiotics used in poultry nutrition may promote the propagation of beneficial bacteria and limit the growth of pathogens, improving the body’s resistance to disease. Aims The aim of the study was to establish the dose and timing of administration of a probiotic preparation containing live cultures of Bacillus subtilis PB6 and choline that would have the most beneficial effect on histological parameters and microbiological status of the intestine, immune status, and growth performance of broiler chickens. Methods In total, 980 one-day-old Ross 308 male chickens, divided into seven groups of 140 (each group with seven replications of 20 individuals), were used in the experiment. The birds were reared until Day 42 of life. In the control group, birds received water without addition of the probiotic preparation. In three continuous treatments, birds received the probiotic preparation in their water at doses of 0.05, 0.1 or 0.25 g/L from Day 1 to Day 42 of rearing. In three periodic treatments, birds received the same doses of the probiotic preparation, but only during Days 1–7, 15–21 and 29–35 of rearing. Key results Addition of the probiotic preparation to the drinking water of broiler chickens increased the total number of aerobic bacteria as well as the length of the intestinal villi and the depth of the crypts. It also reduced the number of fungi and coliform bacteria. In addition, increases were noted in the lysozyme content, the phagocytic index, and the level of immunoglobulin A. Conclusions The probiotic preparation containing B. subtilis and choline administered continuously at a dose of 0.25 g/L in water throughout the rearing period had the most beneficial effect on the composition of the microbiome, and improved the mucous membrane structure of the intestine (increasing villus length and intestinal crypt depth), immunity, and growth performance of the broiler chickens. Implications The use of probiotics in poultry nutrition improves the health of animals and makes breeding more profitable. Administration of this probiotic improves disease resistance, jejunal histological parameters, and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens.

Ответ кишечной микрофлоры цыплят-бройлеров на введение пищевых волокон в рационы с разным уровнем кальция

Ответ кишечной микрофлоры цыплят-бройлеров на введение пищевых волокон в рационы с разным уровнем кальция

Effect of dietary raw and fermented sour cherry kernel (Prunus cerasus L.) on digestibility, intestinal morphology and caecal microflora in broiler chickens

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary raw sour cherry kernel (RC) or fermented sour cherry kernel (FC) on apparent digestibility, ileal morphology, and caecal microflora in broiler chickens. Raw sour cherry kernel was fermented by Aspergillus niger for 7 D. A total of 343 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were assigned to 7 dietary treatments consisting of 7 replicates of 7 broilers each. All birds were fed with a commercial diet or diets supplemented with 1%, 2%, or 4% RC or FC. The experimental period was 42 D. Apparent dry matter (DM), nitrogen and ash digestibilities were diminished (P < 0.05) by dietary RC inclusion, although dietary FC did not negatively affect (P > 0.05) nutrient digestibility. Dietary 1% FC increased (P < 0.01) the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) compared with the other treatment groups, although RC4 reduced the villus height (VH, P < 0.001) and VH:CD (P < 0.01), compared with the control group. Dietary treatments had no effect (P > 0.05) on the crypt depth (CD). Birds fed 1% FC had the highest (P < 0.05) caecal Lactobacillus spp. counts among the treatment groups. Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli counts in cecum were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary treatments. The results showed that the dietary inclusion of 1% FC improved ileal morphology and caecal microflora without any adverse effect on the apparent digestibility. These results indicate that FC has the potential to be a feed additive which improves intestinal health for broiler diets.