Microcontroller Kit Research Articles

IoT Based Domestic Water Supply Monitoring and Theft Identification System

Abstract: In the urban and rural areas, the water supply to the residents and commercial establishments is provided with a fixed water flow rate. Now a day’s most people’s utilize the excess water by connecting the motor pump or suction pump to suck the water directly from the area street pipeline which is considered as water theft. It causes enormous complications during summertime and also reduces their environmental resources. In this project, the proposed system is used to develop an IoT-based water supply monitoring and theft identification system by recording the flow rates at the consumer or user end. To implement the proposed water supply system, each consumer can be provided with a PIC-based microcontroller kit to record the flow rate using a flow sensor. The electrically operated solenoid valve is provided to the consumers to monitor water usage. If any excess water deduction occurs in the water supply pipeline the excess flow rate and corresponding charges will sent to the consumer ID. The valve is turned off using IoT to stop the water supply when the consumer fails to pay or uses excessive water LCD is connected with a Node MCU to display data nearby. The proposed framework is completely automated; there is no need for manpower. The domestic water supply monitoring and theft identification system offers several benefits, including improved water resource management, reduction in water wastage, and financial savings. Identifying and addressing instances of theft, it promotes fair usage and conservation of water resources, ultimately contributing to sustainability.

Teaching with Arduino: Porphyrinoids’ fluorescence in olive oil

During the pandemic period, we were forced to reconsider teaching of practical labs, as students had mainly to work at home. It was the occasion to explore the use of cheap microcontroller kits for teaching chemistry and to work out some manipulations with household products. Back to normal life, it is important to valorize this equipment and work to design simple chemistry experiments which could be performed by students at home with Arduino kits adapted to chemistry, to illustrate various courses in addition to classical manipulations performed in the laboratory with specific equipment and products. We describe here the construction of a simple and cheap Arduino-based fluorimeter and its use to study relative porphyrinoids (mainly chlorophylls and pheophytins) contents in olive oils, and the effect of heating on the degradation of such substances. We used an Arduino Uno kit with a LED, a light-to-frequency converter associated with an excitation-blocking filter, and a 3D-printed sample holder.

Intelligent Braking System Using Electromagnetic Actuators

The accident prevention has been one of the leading areas of research today. Our paper is designed to prevent accidents due to loss of control, drunken driving, and rash driving, using circuitry aided by a microcontroller kit. This paper focuses on a system known as 'Intelligent braking system' (IBS) which employ several sensors to respond when emergency conditions occur. In our work, braking distance and the distance of the obstacle are taken into consideration along with the speed of the vehicle. The sensor detects speed of movement of the vehicle and the ultrasonic sensor senses the distance of the object in front of vehicle. These sensors provide real- time inputs to the microcontroller program. Using sensor, the system will sense the speed of the vehicle and with the microcontroller, it will calculate the distance required to bring the vehicle to a complete stop for that speed. An intelligent mechatronic system includes an ultrasonic wave emitter provided on the front portion of a car producing and emitting ultrasonic waves frontward in a predetermined distance. An ultrasonic receiver is also placed on the front portion of the car operatively receiving a reflective ultrasonic wave signal. The reflected wave (detected pulse) gives the distance between the obstacle and the vehicle and RPM counter gives speed of vehicle. The reflected wave gives the distance between the obstacle and the vehicle. Then a microcontroller is used to detect the pulses and apply brakes to the vehicle the breaking motors is incorporated to activate the brakes thereby achieving automatic breaking procedures. The system helps in conjunction with the driver judgment if the driver doesn’t sense the obstacle and applies the brake at the right time then the microcontroller initiates braking motor to apply the brakes automatically. Our future work deals with incorporating real time brake shoe wear system to provide enhanced feature for the intelligent braking system. • By looking at safety in terms of avoiding accidents in the first place. • And then protecting occupants when a crash is unavoidable. • We can prevent more accidents, save more lives, and reduce insurance and medical costs to society. Key Words: Braking system, Ultrasonic Sensor, Arduinoboard, Intelligent Mechatronic system, RPM counter, Microcontroller.

Intelligent Braking System Using Electromagnetic Actuators

Abstract: Accident prevention has been one of the leading areas of research today. Our paper is designed to prevent accidents due to loss of control, drunken driving, and rash driving, using circuitry aided by a microcontroller kit. In our work, braking distance and the distance of the obstacle are taken into consideration along with the speed of the vehicle. The sensor helps in finding the speed of movement of the vehicle and the ultrasonic sensor senses the distance of the object in front. These sensors provide real- time inputs to the microcontroller program. Using sensor the system will sense the speed of the vehicle and with the microcontroller, it will calculate the distance required to bring the vehicle to a complete stop for that speed. Breaking motors is incorporated to activate the brakes thereby achieving automatic breaking procedures. The system helps in conjunction with the driver judgment if the driver doesn’t sense the obstacle and applies the brake at the right time then the microcontroller initiates braking motor to apply the brakes automatically. Our future work deals with incorporating real time brake shoe wear system to provide enhanced feature for the intelligent braking system.  By looking at safety in terms of avoiding accidents in the first place.  And then protecting occupants when a crash is unavoidable.  We can prevent more accidents, save more lives, and reduce insurance and medical costs to society. Intelligent Braking System approach represents a significant shift from the traditional approach to safety, but it is fundamental to achieving the substantial benefit

Wireless Remote Controlled Linear Actuator Lamp

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) signal refers to a wireless electromagnetic signal used as a form of communication if one is discussing wireless electronics. Radio waves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with identified radio frequencies that range from 3kHz to 300 GHz. Any electronic device is termed sophisticated, regarding the magnitude of human-device interface and thus enhancing the need to control any device to enable optimum utilization in any application. The ability to control any device needs the help of an intermediate device which acts as a medium between the human and device. This project’s goal is to create a lamp which can move upwards and downwards using linear actuator and can be controlled remotely. Atmega328p Microcontroller which is an open-source hardware and software that designs and manufactures single board microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control both physically and digitally. Keywords: Radio frequency, Wireless/Remotely, Atmega328p, Linear actuator, Lamp, Human-Device Interface.

Automation in Cars: Voice Controlled Car Assistant System and Automatic Breaking System – A Review

The purpose of this project is to build a Voice Controlled Car Assistant System and Automatic Breaking System. A Voice Controlled Car is an advanced robotic vehicle that can be operated by the power of voice commands. It is based on an Arduino microcontroller, motor drivers, and a Bluetooth module. The Arduino hardware is an open-source micro-controller kit used to build digital devices. In our project, we will design the hardware of the Voice Controlled Robotic Car first, then use our previous knowledge of programming to code the entire work. The code will then be simulated on IDE software, and then interfaced with the hardware. An android device with a Bluetooth application is used to control the control unit in coordination with the Bluetooth device, and a Bluetooth module is used to capture and read the voice commands. We choose this project because automation has become a significant part of our lives and also has a broad range of applications in the engineering field. Automation plays a vital role in the development of new technology.

Using Division Method to Convert the K-Input MIMO System to SISOs System Combined with Optimal Algorithm Application to Control of a Flexible Link System for the Oscillation (K =1,2)

The flexible link system (FLS) was a highly nonlinear model, multivariable and absolutely unstable dynamic system. In practice, it is common to integrate multiple subsystems into the main system with dynamically turned k-input signals (k =1, 2,…, N) to diversity the functionality of the main system. The flexibility of the division method to convert k-input MIMO system to SISOs system combined with the optimal algorithm creates a powerful tool that can be applied to many different MIMO nonlinear systems with high success rates. The optimal controllers can be created in the future for the flexible system is implemented on an experiment system using Arduino UNO micro-controller KIT. This paper describes division method to convert the k-input MIMO system to SISOs system, after that combined with the optimal algorithm to control for the flexible link system. Specifically, the author will conduct oscillating component analysis of a system with k input pairs (k =1, 2) so that the author can better understand the nature of sub-components as they interact with the system.

Simplified methods of the 3D-SVPWM for four-wire three-leg inverter

This paper introduces a novel technique for simplification of a three-dimension space vector pulse width modulation (3D-SVPWM). Conventional SVPWM calculations are based on trigonometric functions or several decomposition matrices. Thus, a very fast embedded controller is needed either for two-dimension space vector pulse width modulation (2D-SVPWM) or 3D-SVPWM. The proposed simplified 3D-SVPWM is dedicated to four-wire three-leg inverters. This technique is based on first-order equations of the curve fitting technique to reduce calculation time. Therefore, this method can be implemented with low memory storage and Central Processing Unit (CPU) capability. In addition, high accuracy can be achieved using higher-order equations. Many approaches are introduced for simplifications. The applications of the proposed simplified 3D-SVPWM method are also provided. Simulation results of the proposed simplified 3D-SVPWM and the conventional 3D-SVPWM are discussed. Finally, the results are verified using a real-time simulator based on Typhoon device (402) as Hardware-In-the-Loop. In addition, the controller of the simplified method is implemented and operated on the C2000 LAUNCHXL-F28379D as a low-cost microcontroller kit.

Embedded fuzzy sliding mode control for polymer extrusion process

The present study introduces the problem of controlling the polymer extrusion (PE) machine by applying a fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) structure. The PE is an uncertain and perturbed common industrial process. The problems of the PE often arise from a maladjusted and unsteady feeding rate. For the proposed FSMC, the proportional–integral (PI) sliding surface is derived intuitively. The reaching control is implemented using the fuzzy inference system (FIS) to improve control robustness and avoid undesired chattering effect. Stability of proposed FSMC is studied using Lyapunov stability approach. The implementing of FSMC in real-time using a microcontroller kit is carried out. The experimental testing of the proposed FSMC for PE machine is performed. The comparative quantitative analysis of the proposed FSMC, the second order sliding mode control (SOSMC) and PID algorithms are presented. The system performance shows the effectiveness of the proposed FSMC.

Editorial: The promises of Microcontroller kits and Smartphone apps for Psychological research

Editorial: The promises of Microcontroller kits and Smartphone apps for Psychological research

Room Temperature Notification Device

This project is entitles as “ROOM TEMPERATURE NOTIFICATION DEVICE”is developed as an embedded system using arduino microcontroller and GSM(Global system for mobile communications)module this project helps us to prevent from fire accidents in server room server room.contains lot of devices such as hardware, racks,cabling system, power and UPS.if the temperature of a server room increases it will send notification to user. temperature sensor is used to notify the temperature of a server room.arduino is an open source hardware and software company ,project and user community that design and manufactures single board microcontroller kits for building devices and interactive object that can sense and control or objects in the physical and digital world .GSM is used to send notification to user by sending message and making calls.LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)is used in this device to display the temperature.Buzzer produce sound indication in server room if the temperature increases by more than 40 degree.If the temperature increases it performs the following operationsTemperature increases from 30-35degree,it will send message to user Temperature increases from 35-40 degree,it will dial call to user Temperature increases more than 40 degree,it will produce sound in buzzer These operations are performed with the help of GSM module and microcontroller.

Pembuatan Trainer Tempat Sampah Otomatis Guna Menyiasati Masalah Sampah Di Lingkungan Masyarakat

Ngadirejo Village is a safe and comfortable village with the majority of the population working in agriculture and animal husbandry. However, on the other hand, public awareness and concern for handling waste is still lacking. Concerns about the waste problem can be reduced by increasing public awareness to treat waste properly and correctly. Therefore, the author tries to make a tool that is an Automatic Trash Place so that the community members are not reluctant to throw garbage in the trash. They do not need to touch the lid of the trash, to open it only need to hold hands and automatically the trash can will open. Trash cans are made by modifying existing bins. Swivel-covered bins are connected by servo motors and ultrasonic and infrared sensors which are controlled by the Arduino Uno microcontroller kit. This trash can can function properly and be used properly by the community. The results of this research are that the trash can can respond to garbage that is 20 cm away quickly and the trainer is used by students of the electrical engineering study program at Balitar Islamic University as a learning medium.

Life cycle assessment for a solar energy system based on reuse components for developing countries

In many developing countries, the lack of electricity in rural areas is still a key issue for millions of people. The reuse of discarded components in renewable energy systems, based on the frugal innovation concept, has been identified as a solution for rural electrification in countries where renewable resource is plentiful. Specific emphasis is paid in this work to the application of reuse from an engineering viewpoint for a Renewable Energy System, including a “solar” element, composed of solar Photovoltaic (PV) panels and of modified Power Supply Units (PSUs), a “hydro” part and an energy storage system with used car batteries. The scientific objective of this work is to evaluate the environmental impact of this solution, considering only the solar element, as compared to a conventional system consisting of photovoltaic panels, lead-acid batteries, a charge controller and an inverter for small village consumption. For this purpose, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been selected as a methodological framework and both solutions have been described and sized. The results have shown that in the reuse scenario, the impact of PSUs, Uninterruptable Power Supply Units (UPSs) and a microcontroller kit remains very low (0.12% of total impact) while PV modules contribute significantly (66% of total impact). Nevertheless, the consequences of reusing lead-acid batteries are still significant due to the combination of several effects: their weight, reduced efficiency and the need for frequent replacement. A 40% reduction of the environmental burden obtained by the reuse solution is clearly due to the absence of battery production impacts in the case of reuse. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to determine the impact of parameters such as component efficiency, lifetime and transportation distance on environmental impacts. The efficiency of repurposed PSUs and UPSs is the most significant parameter on the environmental impact categories in the reuse solution.

Personal Computer-less (PC-less) Microcontroller Training Kit

The need of microcontroller training kit is necessary for practical work of students of electrical engineering education. However, to use available training kit not only costly but also does not meet the need of laboratory requirements. An affordable and portable microcontroller kit could answer such problem. This paper explains the design and development of Personal Computer Less (PC-Less) Microcontroller Training Kit. It was developed based on Lattepanda processor and Arduino microcontroller as target. The training kit equipped with advanced input-output interfaces that adopted the concept of low cost and low power system. The preliminary usability testing proved this device can be used as a tool for microcontroller programming and industrial automation training. By adopting the concept of portability, the device could be operated in the rural area which electricity and computer infrastructure are limited. Furthermore, the training kit is suitable for student of electrical engineering student from university and vocational high school.

Design of Multicolour LED with Control and Monitoring System for Plant Growth

The aim of this work is to create an artificial environment LED based for plants where the goal is to control LED lighting and monitor plant growth. This will contribute on issue like food production. This work involves the use of a web development microcontroller kit, which will help to make online or IoT (Internet of Things) project and design easy. The microcontroller will come with an integrated Wi-Fi to collect and control variable parameter and also programming language to develop graphical user interface (GUI). It is expected that the plant growth environment can be monitored and controlled or set through cloud via Wi-Fi on the board. Multicolour light emitting diode (LED) lamps are used. This system will improve the performance of available plant growth area where it will become more flexible in term of providing artificial environment with a better supervision.

Sistem Pengontrol Temperatur dan Kelembaban Otomatis untuk Ruang Penyimpanan Buah

One of the preservation fresh fruit techniques is by using low temperature storage techniqe. This methode is intended to maintain good quality fresh fruits during the period of storage. Maintaining fresh friuts in the suggested low temperature and humidity lead to decelaration the activities of the causes of the spoilage of fresh fruits. Currently, fresh fruit storage methods is only focus on using low temperature storage methods regardless the prerequisites of the temperature nor humidity suggested best for fresh fruit preservation. Nowaday’s fruit storages used for maintaining fresh fruit longer is only operated by keeping the storage temperature constant on certain value during the period of storing and the value of the temperature is set manually. However, in order to optimise the results in fruit preservation, the temperature and humidity are also needed to be varied during priod of storage. This article illustrates the development of a system which can automatically control the temperature and humidity of the storage room in accordance with fruit preservation temperature and humidity suggested. In addition, , the temperature and humidity are also can be varied during priod of storage. This research is started by designing and building the electronic wiring system and controlling system. Next, continuing with programming for a microcontroller kit using Arduino IDE software. The container used for the fruit storage is a modified showcase fridge which is equipped with an ultrasonic humidifier and a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor. The testing is carried out by observing the ability of the controlling unit apparatus to control the temperature and humidity of the storage container based on program inputed into the controller kit. The storage container is controlled to have temperature of 25°C, 10°C, and 25°C accordingly and the humidity of 85%. Both the temperature and humidity of the storage container are then measured and read manually using temperature and humiditymeter HTC-2. These temperature and humidity measurement data are compared with the temperature and humidity automatically measured by the sensors in the the control unit apparatus. The measurement results show that the values of temperatures and humidity measured by both methods are nearly the same. So, it can be concluded that the controlling unit apparatus is worked properly. It can control the temperature and humidity of the storage container as the program inputed into the controller kit and it can read the temperature and humidity accurately. In addition, the experiment using papaya fruits shows that the papaya fruits can be maintained fresh longer.

AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC RULES ABIDING CONTROL: AN IDEA FOR ACCIDENT-FREE WORLD

The World is moving so fast, so that impatience is seen in every sector. This has increased entropy in breaking the rules, and thereby increasing the number of accidents. Hence, to control the accidents, each vehicle is provided with a microcontroller 8051. The microcontroller kit is used to continuously monitor the speed of the vehicle and data is logged for every second. The acceleration of the vehicle is calculated continuously. The Signal status and time is transmitted to the vehicle at a certain distance infront of the signal through RF Transmitter. The microcontroller once receiving this data via RF Receiver takes up the current speed and acceleration in the calculation and finds the possible distance which the vehicle can cover with that particular speed and time.This distance is then compared with the *cover distance. Based on the result, the signal is sent to the driver, and a message is displayed in LCD Screen. In the negative case, if the driver doesn’t react for 2 seconds the vehicle is made to stop before the signal, by sending an interrupt. Here, in the positive case, the vehicle functions as such manual drive. If the driver has reacted, then the control remains with the driver. With the control being automated, the fuel supplied to the vehicle is reduced. By this way, the power driving the vehicle is cut. Based on the load in the vehicle, the brakes are applied automatically.The connection with each controller is cut as soon as it crosses the signal. The range of the transmission is set such. By this way, the drivers are made to abide by the rules, and hence the accidents can be prevented in the real world. The work is most successful in the case of electric vehicles, where the speed of the vehicle is reduced just by decreasing the supply to the motor. An intermediate module is used to control the speed by varying the supply.

An Innovative Remote-Lab Framework for Educational Experimentation

This paper describes a flexible and scalable architecture of remote laboratories developed for students for experimentation in educational institutions, research labs and technology companies. The framework and procedures for multi-remote labs environment are explained. The development of the lab client software as a Rich Internet Application (RIA) is described. The utilization of low-cost hardware and software packages to provide the interface to the labs equipment is shown, and the deployment of Web Services as the communication medium between the Lab Server and the Lab Client is presented.A case study for a remote lab, the Microcontroller Kit Remote IDE, was carried out. Any student can connect to the remote lab and performs each experiment while watching the equipment during execution via a webcam feed. The whole lab is accessible from any PC connected to the internet.

Enhancing the Efficiency of Voice Controlled Wheelchairs Using NAM for Recognizing Partial Speech in Tamil

In this paper, we have presented an effective method for recognizing partial speech with the help of Non Audible Murmur (NAM) microphone which is robust against noise. NAM is a kind of soft murmur that is so weak that even people nearby the speaker cannot hear it. We can recognize this NAM from the mastoid of humans. It can be detected only with the help of a special type of microphone termed as NAM microphone. We can use this approach for impaired people who can hear sound but can speak only partial words (semi-mute) or incomplete words. We can record and recognize partial speech using NAM microphone. This approach can be used to solve problems for paralysed people who use voice controlled wheelchair which helps them to move around without the help of others. The present voice controlled wheelchair systems can recognize only fully spoken words and can’t recognise words spoken by semi-mute or partially speech impaired people. Further it uses normal microphone which hassevere degradation and external noise influence when used for recognizing partial speech inputs from impaired people. To overcome this problem, we can use NAM microphone along with Tamil Speech Recognition Engine (TSRE) to improve the accuracy of the results. The proposed method was designed and implemented in a wheelchair like model using Arduino microcontroller kit. Experimental results have shown that 80% accuracy can be obtained in this method and also proved that recognizing partially spoken words using NAM microphone was much efficient compared to the normal microphone.

On-demand wireless infusion rate control in an implantable micropump for patient-tailored treatment of chronic conditions.

Wireless infusion rate control and programmability for an implantable, low power, electrochemical micropump is presented. Flow rate control was achieved through adjustment of the wiper position of a current potentiometer in the wireless receiver (0.6-3.2 mA output current with a resolution of 0.2 mA per step). An off-the-shelf Bluetooth module and Basic Stamp microcontroller kit was used to initiate amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation of the inductive power signal. Accurate flow control of two model regimens was achieved on benchtop. Wireless transmission (power transfer and control) was not affected by simulated tissue material placed between the transmitter and receiver.