Micronutrient Uptake Research Articles

Effect of Rice Residue Biochar on Lead Remediation, Growth, and Micronutrient Uptake in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) Cultivated in Contaminated Soil.

A pot experiment at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, assessed rice residue biochar's effect on remediating lead and cadmium in soil and on Indian mustard growth. Soil spiked with Cd (0, 10, 25mg kg⁻¹) and Pb (0, 25, 50mg kg⁻¹) was amended with biochar (0, 0.5, 1, 2% w/w) in a completely randomized design with three replications. Adding 2% biochar reduced DTPA-Pb in soil and Pb in shoots by 61% and 56%, respectively. Biochar increased dry matter yield (DMY) by 18% at 1% but decreased by 19% at 2%. The 1% biochar increased shoot Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu by 11.39%, 26.74%, 5.89%, and 17.72%, respectively. Rice residue biochar significantly improved the DMY and micronutrient content of Indian mustard by reducing lead contamination in co-contaminated soil.

Effects of combined application of phosphorus and zinc on growth and physiological characteristics of apple rootstock M9-T337 seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)

BackgroundBalancing nutrient application is crucial for plant growth. However, excessive fertilizer use, especially imbalanced applications of macronutrients such as phosphate (P), can hinder plant uptake of micronutrients. Balanced P and zinc (Zn) are vital for apple yield and quality, and apple trees are highly sensitive to deficiencies in these nutrients. Therefore, this study was conducted in May 2022, employed a sand culture experiment to investigate the effects of varying P and Zn levels on the growth phenotype, photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, sugar composition, endogenous hormone levels, and nutrient absorption and utilization of M9-T337 seedlings. Three levels of P (low, medium, high) and three levels of Zn (low, medium, high) were combined to create a total of nine distinct treatment.ResultsThe results indicate that combined P and Zn fertilization at various levels exerts either synergistic or antagonistic effects on the growth, nutrient absorption, and utilization of M9-T337 seedlings. Compared to low and medium levels of P, a combination of high P (4 mmol·L−1) and an adequate amount of Zn significantly enhanced plant growth, root system development, and the microstructure of leaves. Notably, seedlings treated with high P and low Zn (HPLZn) reached a height 1.54 times that of the medium P and medium Zn (MPMZn, control). Physiological indicators under HP conditions revealed significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activity, leaf water retention, photosynthetic pigment concentration, osmotic adjustment substances, and the contents of glucose, sucrose, fructose, endogenous hormones, as well as P and Zn accumulation in the leaves, compared to the control. However, an increase in Zn application led to a declining trend in these parameters. Specifically, the HPLZn treatment exhibited substantial increases in Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), Total chlorophyll (Chl a + b), glucose, fructose, sucrose, and Auxin(IAA), with increments of 7.12%, 27.32%, 11.40%, 23.20%, 16.67%, and 55.11%, respectively, compared to the control.ConclusionBased on the comprehensive ranking from principal component analysis, the combination of HP ( 4 mmol·L−1) and LZn (0.5 µmol·L−1) was found to be the most effective in enhancing the antioxidant capacity, sugar accumulation, osmotic regulation ability, photosynthetic capacity, endogenous hormone levels, as well as P and Zn nutrient absorption and utilization in M9-T337 seedlings.

Nutrient Use Efficiency and Cucumber Productivity as a Function of the Nitrogen Fertilization Rate and the Wood Fiber Content in Growing Media.

A peat substrate is made from peat from drained peatlands, which is a limited resource. A realistic estimate is that 50% of the world's wetlands have been lost. Peat is used in horticulture, especially for the cultivation of vegetables in greenhouses. The consequences of peatland exploitation are an increase in the greenhouse effect and a decrease in carbon stocks. Wood fiber can be used as an alternative to peat. The chemical properties of growing media interact and change continuously due to the small volume of growing media, which is limited by the growing container. This study aims to gain new knowledge on the impact of nutrient changes in the microbial degradation of carbon compounds in wood fiber and mixtures with a peat substrate on the content and uptake of nutrients required by plants. The cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) variety 'Dirigent H' developed in the Netherlands was cultivated in growing media of a peat substrate and wood fiber: (1) peat substrate (PS); (2) wood fiber (WF); (3) wood fiber and peat substrate 50/50 v/v (WF/PS 50/50); (4) wood fiber and peat substrate 25/75 v/v (WF/PS 25/75). The rates of fertilization were the following: (1) conventional fertilization (CF); (2) 13 g N per plant (N13); (3) 23 g N per plant (N23); (4) 30 g N per plant (N30). The experiment was carried out with three replications. As the amount of wood fiber increased, the humidity and pH of the growing media increased. The fertilization of the cucumbers with different quantities of nitrogen influenced the nutrient uptake. The plants grown in the 50/50 and 25/75 growing media had the best Cu uptake when fertilized with N23. When the plants grown in the wood fiber media and the 50/50 media were fertilized with N13, N23, and N30, the Mn content in the growing media at the end of the growing season was significantly lower than the Mn content in the media with conventional fertilization. Thus, nitrogen improved the uptake of Mn by the plants grown not only in the wood fiber, but also in the combinations with a peat substrate. Growing plants in wood fiber and fertilizing them with N13 can result in the optimum uptake of micronutrients. The number and biomass of cucumber fruits per plant were influenced by the amount of wood fiber in the growing media and the application of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest number of fruits and biomass of fruits per plant obtained were significantly higher when the cucumbers were grown in WF/PS 50/50 growing media with additional N13 fertilization.

Micronutrients concentration and content in corn as affected by nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization

AbstractThe interaction between nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers significantly impacts the uptake of micronutrients in corn, influencing their availability in soil and uptake by plants. Understanding the interaction of macro‐ and micronutrients is a prerequisite to targeting nutrient balance in crop production. Therefore, a 2‐year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of NPK fertilization on micronutrient uptake of rain‐fed corn (Zea mays L.). A randomized complete block design was employed with 12 treatments replicated three times. Different combinations of N, P, and K fertilizer rates were investigated for micronutrient concentration and uptake in rain‐fed corn. Findings revealed the order of nutrient accumulation in corn plants: iron (Fe) > manganese (Mn) > zinc (Zn) > copper (Cu). Nitrogen application influenced nutrient concentrations and uptake. Increasing N rates increased micronutrient concentrations in corn grain, except for Cu. Interestingly, Cu content in grains exhibited no correlation with nutrient supply, biomass, or other concentrations. As the N application rate increased, micronutrient content increased at early growth stage and physiological maturity. Phosphorus application showed negligible impact on grain micronutrient concentration and uptake. However, K application notably increased Mn, Fe, and Cu uptake in grains. This study underscores the need to consider not only grain yield but also nutritional quality when determining optimal NPK rates in rain‐fed corn cultivation.

Long-term Outcome of the Dutch Common Channel Trial (DUCATI): Preservation of Superior Weight Loss Results Without Significant Malnutrition Side Effects.

The optimal bowel limb lengths for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) to maximize weight loss while minimizing nutritional deficiencies in severe obesity treatment remain a topic of debate. The multi-center Dutch Common Channel Trial (DUCATI) aims to compare the outcomes of a very long Roux Limb Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (VLRL-LRYGB) with a standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (S-LRYGB). A total of 444 patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1, double-blind manner to undergo either VLRL-RYGB or S-LRYGB. Five-year follow-up data were assessed, concentrating on weight loss, obesity-related medical conditions, complications, re-operations, and malnutrition. Both groups had comparable total alimentary lengths (RL + CC). The VLRL-LRYGB group demonstrated significantly greater %TWL (32.2% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.002) and %EWL (81.2% vs. 70.3%, p = 0.002) at 5years. Eight (3.6%) patients in the VLRL-LRYGB group versus 2 (0.9%) in the S-LRYGB group (p = 0.055) needed modification surgery for malabsorption. Suboptimal clinical response rate was significantly higher (22.0% vs. 8.3%) in S-LRYGB group. No significant differences for nutrient deficiencies in favor of the S-LRYGB group were found. A 100-cm common channel with a relatively long Roux limb provides superior, sustainable weight loss over 5years, without significantly increased rate of malabsorption-related re-operations. These results suggest that a longer Roux limb can still ensure adequate micronutrient uptake in the total alimentary tract. These findings should be considered in discussions regarding the optimal Roux-en-Y limb length for severe obesity treatment.

E-waste: a global threat with an impact on nutrition

Introduction: The generation and increase of electronic waste (e-waste) represents a focus of attention in the biomedical area due to the devastating impact on health. The importance and study ranges from toxicological understanding in adults to teratological effects in neonates. Studies have shown that e-waste affects the uptake of micronutrients, in addition to environmental contamination. Objective: To describe the main nutritional effects of e-waste in vulnerable populations. Methods: A retrospective descriptive model was performed following the PRISMA model, including manuscripts that were published since 2015. Results: Of the total number of articles identified, 21 articles were selected that met the established criteria. E-waste has a great impact on the environment by contaminating soil, food, vegetables, and air. Through these routes, children, pregnant women, and recyclers can acquire different toxic compounds. The main affectations described are alterations in iron metabolism and glycemic index, metabolic alterations, changes in the microbiota, affectation in the synthesis of antibodies and metabolic activity of reparative enzymes. Conclusions: Personnel in nutrition and related areas should understand the mechanism of action of e-waste, nutrient utilization, and the effect of metals and compounds derived from e-waste to avoid nutritional deficiencies

Multi-nutrient and humic acid foliar applications enhance green gram growth and yield on alkaline soil by increasing nutrient use and physiological activity

Widespread multi-nutrient deficiency and water stress are the major yield-limiting factors in alkaline soil. Inorganic nutrient application in alkaline soil is ineffective for green gram due to the antagonistic interaction with alkalinity. In this setting, a balanced supply of foliar nutrients is a viable strategy to improve green gram nutrient utility and productivity in an alkaline environment. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years during Rabi 2019 and 2020. Water-soluble NPK (2%), 1% multi-micronutrient and 1% humic acid foliar nutrients in five combinations were applied at 30 and 45 days after sowing. The effect of multi-nutrient and humic acid foliar spray on green gram growth, physiology, nutrient accumulation, and yield were measured by adopting the standard protocol. Green gram seed yield increased by 20 per cent on the application of water soluble fertilizers 2% and liquid multi-micronutrients 1% with 1% humic acid. The same set of treatments augmented leaf area (428 cm2 plant−1), dry matter production (2087 kg ha−1), SPAD value (46.4), nitrogen (36.6 kg ha−1), phosphorous (4.9 kg ha−1), potassium (46.5 kg ha−1), and micronutrients uptake. Foliar application of multi-nutrients reduces nutrient stress and aids in the promotion of green gram crop growth and production in alkaline soil.

Effect of Different Zinc Sources and Application Methods on Content and Uptake of Micronutrients of Basmati Rice

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for plants, animals and human’s health. Zn deficiency is widely spread in paddy soils of India and has negative impact on national rice production. Field experiment on rice crop was conducted in sandy loam soil at crop research center Chirodi of SVBP University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut., during Kharif season of 2011 and 2012 toevaluate the “Effect of different sources and application methods of zinc on content and uptake of micronutrients in basmati rice crop in sandy loam soil. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The experiment comprised of twelve treatments viz.; T1 (control), T2 (recommended NPK @120:60:60 kg ha-1) T3 (5 kg Zn through ZnSO4.7H2O+RDF), T4(5 kg Zn through mono ZnSO4.7H2O),T5 (0.1% Zn spray through ZnSO4.7H2O+RDF ),T6 (0.1% Zn spray through ZnSO4.7H2O + RDF),T7 (0.012% Zn spray through chelated Zn at tillering + RDF),T8 (0.05% Zn spray through ZnSO4.7H2O at tillering +0.05% at panicle initiation+ RDF), T9 (0.05% Zn spray through mono ZnSO4.7H2O at tillering + 0.05% at panicle initiation +RDF),T10 (0.006% Zn spray through chelated Zn at tillering + 0.006% at panicle initiation+ RDF ), T11 (micronutrient mixture@ 25kg ha-1 + RDF), T12 (vermicompost @ 3tha-1+ RDF).The experimental soil was low in organic carbon and available nitrogen and medium in phosphorus and higher in potassium with slightly alkaline in pH. The status of DTPA extractable Zn 1.23 mg Kg-1,Fe 14.85 mg Kg-1 Cu 2.43 mg Kg-1 Mn 10.91 mg Kg-1 in the surface soil. Nutrient assimilation at different stages by the rice crop varied significantly due to application of different treatments in the study. Maximum zinc content 85.78 and 93.57 ppm and uptake 288.60 and 341.85 g/ha at 30 DAT during 2011 and 2012 found in T12 which was significantly higher than the rest of the treatments while minimum zinc content recorded in T1 was significantly lower than the rest of the treatments during both the years. Similar trends were also recorded at 60 DAT, grain and straw growth stages of rice plant. The zinc content of plant sample in T11 and T3 was also higher and statistically at par to the level of zinc content recorded in T12. The Cu, Fe, and Mn content and uptake at different growth stages of rice plant sample in T11 and T3 was also higher and like the level in T12. Among the method of Zn application, soil application resulted in higher biomass, micronutrient content and uptake in the grain and straw. Foliar application caused greater effect on zinc content and uptake and as well as content and uptake of Cu, Fe and Mn in rice plant at different growth stages during both the years. Among the sources of Zinc, ZnSO4.7H2O proved to be the most efficient source of Zn for rice production.

Effect of continuous FYM and fertilizer applications over nine years utilizing STCR based targeted yield equations on transfer and uptake of micronutrients in an acid Alfisol under a maize-wheat cropping system

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based nutrient management in regulating soil micronutrient status and optimizing crop productivity under a maize-wheat cropping system in an acid Alfisol. The experiment was initiated during monsoon 2007, consisted of eight treatments viz., control, farmers’ practice, general recommended dose, soil test-based, STCR based targeted yield of 25 (wheat)/30 (maize) and 35 (wheat)/40 (maize) q ha−1 with FYM @ 5 t ha−1 and without FYM. Results revealed that the soil available Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn exhibited depletion in unfertilized plots over initial status. However, the STCR (Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply; IPNS) based targeted yield approach of fertilizer application maintains higher values of DTPA extractable micronutrients in comparisons to all other treatments. After nine continuous years, the highest DTPA- extractable Fe (27.6 mg kg−1), Mn (25.1 mg kg−1), Zn (1.25 mg kg−1) and Cu (0.75 mg kg−1) were recorded in treatment where, FYM was added along with fertilizers for targeted yield of 35 q ha−1. The micronutrient uptake by wheat was higher in STCR (IPNS) treatments. Low SRC values of Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn indicated that long-term prescription based chemical fertilizers and FYM application can meet the plant nutritional requirement of wheat crop. Hence long-term STCR based integration of FYM (with NPK fertilizers) has an advantage in regulating the supply of micronutrients in soil-plant system and addressing the micronutrient deficiencies.

An energy coupling factor transporter of Streptococcus sanguinis impacts antibiotic susceptibility as well as metal and membrane homeostasis.

Streptococcus sanguinis is a prevalent member of human microbiome capable of acting as a causative agent of oral and respiratory infections. S. sanguinis competitive success within the infection niche is dependent on acquisition of metal ions and vitamins. Among the systems that bacteria use for micronutrient uptake is the energy coupling factor (ECF) transporter system EcfAAT. Here we describe physiological changes arising from EcfAAT transporter disruption. We found that EcfAAT contributes to S. sanguinis antibiotic sensitivity as well as metal and membrane homeostasis. Specifically, our work found that disruption of EcfAAT results in increased polymyxin susceptibility. We performed assessment of cell-associated metal content and found depletion of iron, magnesium, and manganese. Furthermore, membrane composition analysis revealed significant enrichment in unsaturated fatty acid species resulting in increased membrane fluidity. Our results demonstrate how disruption of a single EcfAAT transporter can have broad consequences on bacterial cell homeostasis. ECF transporters are of interest within the context of infection biology in bacterial species other than streptococci, hence work described here will further the understanding of how micronutrient uptake systems contribute to bacterial pathogenesis.

Zinc phytotoxicity and cationic micronutrients contents in quinoa as influenced by high Zn levels and soil amendments

Contamination of soils with heavy metals (HMs) is a serious concern due to the non-biodegradability and accumulation of these metals in living organism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fish scale powder, chitin, and chitosan in reducing zinc (Zn) accumulation of quinoa grown on Zn-polluted soil. A 3*4 factorial greenhouse trial was conducted with three levels of Zn contamination (0, 100, and 200 mg kg−1) and four types of amendment (control, and 0.15% of each fish scale powder, chitin, and chitosan). The quinoa seeds were sown in soil treated with Zn contamination and amendments. Results showed that application of amendments especially chitosan increased shoot and root dry weight and greenness index of quinoa leaf. While high soil Zn levels decreased cationic micronutrients uptake in quinoa shoot, chitosan addition desirably enhanced cationic micronutrients uptake in quinoa shoot. Overall, amendment addition significantly decreased Zn concentration and uptake in plant; the highest decrease was observed following the application of chitosan. Although the application of high Zn levels significantly increased the values of phytoextraction efficiency, application of chitin and chitosan significantly decreased it. The value of translocation factor was lower than one, demonstrating that a large amount of Zn was stabilized in the root tissues, while a small amount of this metal was transferred to aboveground parts of quinoa. Results of this study revealed that fish scales derivatives were effective in preventing Zn toxicity and at the same time increasing cationic micronutrients contents of quinoa grown on HMs-polluted soil.

Effect of Genotype on Cadmium and Trace Element Accumulation in Wheat from Weakly Alkaline Cadmium-contaminated Soil.

Cadmium (Cd) contamination of farmland soils leads to Cd accumulation in crops and reduced micronutrient uptake, posing grave risks to food safety. Herein, we investigated the enrichment and transportation patterns of Cd and trace elements in different parts of six wheat genotypes grown in weakly alkaline Cd-contaminated soils via pot experiments. The results revealed that the wheat grain variety with high Cd accumulation (Ningmai13) demonstrated a 1.94-fold increase compared to the variety with low accumulation (Yanong0428). The transfer factor of Cd from wheat straw to grain ranged from 0.319 to 0.761, while the transfer factor of Cd from root to straw ranged from 0.167 to 0.461. Furthermore, the concentrations of other metals in wheat grains followed the order of Zn > Mn > Fe > Cu. There was a significant positive correlation between Cd and Mn in grains, indicating a potential synergistic effect. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the regulation of micronutrient intake to modulate Cd uptake in wheat.

Impact of Agronomic Zinc Biofortification on Yield Attributes, Yield and Micronutrient Uptake of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Southern Odisha

Cereal crops are low in micronutrients primarily due to Iron and Zinc deficiency in soil. Iron, being the cofactor of various enzymes, performs basic functions in the human body, while its absence causes anaemia. Symptoms of Zn-deficiency appearing in the human body includes retarded growth, hypogonadism, immune dysfunction and cognitive impairment. In rice plants, their deficiency results in stunted growth and poor plant development, leading to yield reduction. Consumption of milled rice containing very low levels of iron and zinc, is one of the principal reasons for widespread malnutrition among rice consumers. Health of millions of people around the world, including India, is directly or indirectly affected due to ‘Hidden Hunger’ or ‘Malnutrition’ of iron and zinc. The current study was conducted in the summer season of 2022 at the Post Graduate Research Farm, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, comprising 8 treatments of zinc (foliar and basal) applications on rice. Influence of these treatments on grain and straw yield of rice was ascertained by measuring Pearson correlation coefficient and different multivariate tests viz., Multiple Regression, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Analysis (MPN) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which indicated that grain zinc and iron content, was highly influenced by the zinc application. Analysis of generated data indicated that basal application of 5 kg Zn ha−1 along with foliar application of 0.25% Zn at maximum tillering and at booting stage produced the highest grain yield (6.80 t ha-1) and superior outcomes on different yield attributes, nutrient uptake and straw yield of hybrid rice as compared to other treatments, (MARVEL 1011) in the soil of Southern Odisha.

Recycling of Mulberry Stalk as Biochar and its Effect on Uptake of Nutrients by Mulberry

A field experiment was conducted in the mulberry crop to know the effect of soil application of mulberry stalk biochar on nutrients uptake by mulberry at farmer’s field at Sidlaghatta (Tq), Chikkabalapura District. A randomized block design was employed with eight treatments and three replications. A randomized block design was employed with eight treatments replicated thrice. Results revealed that, Combined soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 and FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T8) recorded higher leaf yield per hectare (13.07 t ha-1) and it was on par with T7 (12.61 t ha-1) which received soil application of biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 and FYM @ 10 t ha-1. The lowest leaf yield of 10.45 t ha-1 was recorded in control which was devoid of biochar. Among different treatments, significantly higher uptake of primary nutrients (Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 90.68, 9.07 and 47.10 kg ha-1, respectively) secondary nutrients (calcium, magnesium and sulphur of 44.48, 17.26 and 9.75 kg ha-1, respectively) and micronutrients (iron, manganese, zinc, copper and boron of 748.20, 153.22, 139.34, 60.92 and 54.25 g ha-1, respectively) by mulberry were recorded in the treatment (T8) which received soil application of biochar @ 10 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 and followed by T7 which received biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 10 t ha-1 and found superior over other treatments. The control with no biochar application recorded lower nutrients uptake by mulberry crop. The findings revealed that utilization of mulberry stalk as a biochar has positive effect on nutrient uptake by mulberry crop and it could partly replace chemical fertilizers and promote organic farming in a circular economy concept.

Changes in vitamins and trace elements after initiation of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy in children and adults with cystic fibrosis – a real-life insight

BackgroundHighly-effective CFTR-modulator therapy with elexa-/teza-/ivacaftor (ETI) has led to improvements in pulmonary outcomes, sweat chloride, body mass index (BMI) and quality of life in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Improved uptake of fat-soluble vitamins and micronutrients has been reported for CFTR-modulators but data regarding ETI therapy is lacking.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study evaluated forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV-1), sweat chloride, BMI, transaminases (AST, ALT), bilirubin, vitamins A, D, E, zinc and selenium in children and adults eligible for ETI. Parameters were assessed before and up to one year after initiation of ETI.Results58 patients (median age m = 28 years, SD ± 11.6 years, 51.7% female14 < 18 years old) were included. FEV-1 and sweat chloride improved significantly after ETI. There were no changes in BMI or AST. ALT was increased significantly after 4 weeks of ETI but returned to normal levels in further course. Bilirubin levels remained elevated after ETI. Vitamin A was significantly higher 12 months after ETI. No changes were found for vitamins D, E, zinc and selenium.ConclusionsThis study adds to the evidence that improvements of some fat-soluble vitamin levels can be found after ETI. No changes regarding micronutrients were noted. Individualized follow-up and supplementation are recommended.

Zinc fertilization effect on macro and micro-nutrients concentrations and uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2013–14 and 2014–15 at New Delhi, to find out the effect of zinc (Zn) fertilization on concentration and uptake of macro and micro-nutrients in high-yield ing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. Treatments comprised 6 high-yielding varieties of wheat in the main plots and 5 Zn management treatments as sub-plots. Results indicated that nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and po tassium (K) content in different parts of wheat varieties was found in the order of grain &gt; straw &gt; spike straw, grain &gt; spike straw &gt; straw and straw &gt; spike straw &gt; grain, respectively. However the concentration of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) was found in order of straw &gt; spike straw &gt; grain and straw &gt; grain &gt; spike straw respectively. With respect to nutrients, the highest N (2.28%), P (3,711.6 mg/kg), K (0.48%), Zn (40.6 mg/kg), Fe (124.8 mg/kg) and Mn (33.7 mg/kg) contents were registered in grain of ‘HD 2967’, ‘HD 2967’, ‘HD 2687’, ‘HD 2851’, ‘HD 2687’ and ‘HD 2894’, respectively. The concentration of macro and micro-nutrients were recorded statistically identical in different treatments of Zn fertilization. However, significant increase in macro and micro-nutrients uptake was registered due to Zn fertilization and the highest uptake of nutrients was recorded with application of 1.25 kg Zn/ha through Zn-EDTA + 0.5% foliar spray of Zn-EDTA at maximum tillering and booting stages. Thus, soil (1.25 kg Zn/ ha) + foliar (0.5%) application of Zn-EDTA was found superior with respect to macro and micro-nutrients uptake.

Effect of Health Education on the Knowledge of Pregnant Women on Iron and Folic Acid Supplements: A Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial

Iron deficiency poses a significant public health challenge during pregnancy. However, optimal uptake of antenatal micronutrients is hampered by lack of knowledge. We investigated the effect of health education on knowledge of women regarding antenatal Iron and Folic Acid Supplements (IFAS). In a 9-month trial, antenatal care clinics received a maternal IFAS awareness package, which included education for both health workers and pregnant women and health Information Education and Communication (IEC) materials. The study found that IFAS knowledge improved from 44.8% to 81.1%, a 36-percentage point increase. To enhance IFAS knowledge, hence uptake, the study recommends targeted health education emphasizing IFAS benefits, management of IFAS side effects, along with providing standardized information materials to the clinics.

Esterified Conditioner and Repairing Agent for Salinity Affected Agricultural Soil of India

Various bio-conversion reactions given by lipases such as hydrolysis, transesterification, esterification, alcohoysis, acidolysis and aminolysis. The potential esterification process in soil plays important role not only as a fertilizer or nutrient but also act as a modulator to alter the conditions of soil and help in uptake of nutrient and minerals. This potential formulation accumulates micro-nutrients and mineral that promotes growth of plants. The trials of vegetable plants and grains shown significant increase in crop yield per hector area. The bulk density and field capacity of the soil are also significantly change and act as soil conditioner also influence the growth of plants. The micronutrients uptake of plant helps optimize the soil pH and improve the soil conditions. The inventors of present invention tested formulation as plant growth promoters that enhance crop characteristics like panicle length, plant height, grain or fruit yield and add to nutrient value of the crop. Our product is fatty acid composite which play crucial role as plant growth promoter along with reducing seed germination time and increasing plant crop yield, it also beneficial to work under water stress conditions and variant geo-climatic conditions.

Biogeochemical prospecting of metallic critical raw materials: soil to plant transfer in SW Ciudad Real Province, Spain

The soil–plant transfer of trace elements is a complex system in which many factors are involved such as the availability and bioavailability of elements in the soil, climate, pedological parameters, and the essential or toxic character of the elements. The present study proposes the evaluation of the use of multielement contents in vascular plants for prospecting ore deposits of trace elements of strategic interest for Europe. To accomplish this general goal, a study of the soil–plant transfer of major and trace elements using Quercus ilex as a study plant has been developed in the context of two geological domains with very different characteristics in geological terms and in the presence of ore deposits: the Almadén syncline for Hg and the Guadalmez syncline for Sb. The results have made it possible to differentiate geological domains not only in terms of individual elements, but also as a combination of major and trace elements using Factor Analysis. The bioconcentration factors have demonstrated the uptake of macronutrients and micronutrients in very high concentrations but these were barely dependent, or even independent of the concentrations in the soil, in addition to high values of this factor for Sb. The Factor Analysis allowed for the differentiation of geogenic elements from other linked to stibnite ore deposits (Sb, S, and Cu). This element (Sb) can be uptake by Quercus ilex via the root and from there translocating it to the leaves, showing a direct relation between concentrations in soil and plants. This finding opens the possibility of using Quercus ilex leaves for biogeochemical prospecting of geological domains or lithological types of interest to prospect for Sb deposits.

Effect of Sulphur and Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L)

A field experiment was conducted at village Raita, Taluka Kalyan, District Thane during Rabi 2023 on peanut crop (Arachis hypogaea L) in a medium black calcareous slightly alkaline soil. The experiment was carried out to study the effect of elemental Sulphur application at the rate of 60 kg/ha along with a foliar spray of micronutrients (Cu 1.0%, Zn 3.0%, Mn 1.0%, Fe 2.5%, B 0.5%, Mo 0.1%). The trial used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments that were replicated five times each. T1 is the control, T2 is 100% RDF, or the recommended NPK 25:50:30 alone, T3 is the recommended NPK with 60 kg/ha of elemental S, T4 is the recommended NPK with 60 kg/ha coupled with foliar micronutrient spray, and T5 is the recommended NPK with foliar micronutrient spray. The yield and its attributes were significantly influenced when elemental Sulphur and foliar spray of micronutrients were applied. Plant height, number of pods/plant, and peanut seed output were significantly improved with the application of the prescribed fertilizer dose, 60 kg/ha of elemental sulphur, and a foliar spray of micronutrients (T4). The maximum plant height (56.1 cm), number of pods/plant (35.6), weight of pods/plant (92.1gm), weight of pod (1798.8 kg/ha), Haulm yield (2761.7 kg/ha), Dry weigh/plant (36.60gm), 100 seed weight (44.3gm) were all substantially greater in treatment (T4), Sulphur application of 60kg/ha significantly increased the content and uptake of primary nutrients and micronutrients by the plants at the harvested stage, as well showed a profound effect on soil physico-chemical properties.