Mg Of Potassium Research Articles

Quantitative and qualitative assessment of food waste in rural markets in Morocco

Background: Food waste, a significant issue in sustainable food systems, occurs at various stages of the food supply chain, from production to consumption. However, there is limited data assessing the quantity and nutritional value of food waste at the retail level, especially in rural markets (Souks). Aims: This research aimed to characterize and quantify the nutritional value of food waste in rural retail markets of El Jadida and Sidi Bennour in Morocco. Material and Methods: A quantitative approach was employed, combining observational diagnosis of food waste types and a survey of sellers to collect information, through a questionnaire, on purchased and remaining quantities, as well as the nature and disposal of food waste. The nutritional value of wasted food was estimated using the Ciqual food composition table and the bilnut calculation program. Results: The estimated quantity of unsold food in the studied retail markets studied was 1135.36 tons/year, equivalent to 0.85 kg/inhabitant/year for the region’s population. Vegetables accounted for the largest proportion of unsold food (45.7%), followed by fruits (27.4%), and meat and offal (10.8%). The estimated quantity of food waste was 677.3 tons/year or 0.5 kg/inhabitant/year. The daily nutritional value of wasted food in the studied Souks was estimated to be 118.173 kcal, 7.616 g of carbohydrates, 6.026 g of proteins and 6.386 g of total fats, 1.579 g of dietary fiber, 334 mg of vitamin A, 1.6 mg of vitamin D, 945.9 mg of iron, 21.712 mg of calcium, 1.903 mg of potassium, and 4.56 mg of iodine. These nutrient contents could potentially contribute to the daily needs of a significant portion of the population, particularly for iron, as the estimated daily loss of 945.9 mg/day could meet the recommended daily intake of 59 adult women or 236 children under five years old. Conclusion: This study provides a novel comprehensive assessment of the nutritional value lost due to food waste in rural retail markets in El Jadida-Sidi Bennour. The findings reveal the need for improved supply chain management and demand forecasting to reduce food waste I these. Strengthening efforts to redistribute and reutilize wasted food can contribute to addressing nutritional deficiencies and food insecurity among vulnerable rural populations. Keywords: Food waste, retail trade, valorization, nutritional loss, rural markets.

Effect of Citrus sinensis and Musa textilia Consumption on Lactic Acid Levels and Muscle Tension in Fish Auction Workers

Potassium deficiency is known to induce muscle fatigue, necessitating the inclusion of potassium-rich foods, such as orange (Citrus sinensis) and banana (Musa textilia) in diet. Previous studies have shown that consuming 150 g and 300 g of banana is effective in preventing muscle fatigue, with orange containing 237.4 mg of potassium per 300 ml. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between lactic acid concentration and muscle tension reduction in fish auction workers after the administration of orange and banana. The study procedures were carried out with a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test group design, and the samples were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 received both orange and banana, 2 was given only orange, 3 received only banana, while 4 was not given any intervention. Supplemental observations were then conducted over 3 consecutive days, followed by data analysis using Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to compare lactic acid levels (independent variable) with muscle tension and strength (dependent variables). The results showed that banana significantly affected lactic acid levels but did not influence muscle tension. The combination of orange and banana produced varying levels of lactic acid and muscle tension, indicating the ineffectiveness of only banana. The intake of both fruits was also reported to influence lactic acid levels but did not affect muscle strength, suggesting the ineffectiveness of orange. These results indicated that while orange and banana could reduce lactic acid levels, the fruits did not significantly affect muscle strength or tension.

SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK DAN NILAI GIZI PUDING U-BANSOY (ULI BANANA SOYA) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF SELINGAN TINGGI KALIUM DAN ISOFLAVON

Uli bananas contain higher potassium than other types of bananas. Soybeans can help lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients through potassium content and antioxidant activity, as shown by isoflavones. This study aimed to determine the organoleptic properties and nutritional value of U-Bansoy Pudding with soybean and banana formulations as an alternative high-potassium and isoflavone snacks for hypertensive patients. The research design used an experimental study design using a Complete Experimental Design (RAL) consisting of one factor in the form of 3 types of soybean and banana balance, namely 25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%. The research method used an organoleptic test with a hedonic test of 7 numerical scale on 30 moderately trained panelists. The results of U-Bansoy Pudding organoleptic test on the color and texture that the panelists liked the most was a 50%:50% balance. U-Bansoy pudding organoleptic test results on the aroma that the panelists most liked were the balance of 25%:75% and 50%:50%, while the results of the organoleptic test of U-Bansoy pudding on the taste and overall (overall) balance of 25%:75% were the most preferred by the panelists. By consuming one serving of U-Bansoy Pudding with a balance of 25%:75% is enough to contribute as an alternative distraction for hypertensive patients with 185.95 grams of energy, 8.74 grams of protein, 3.64 grams of fat, 34.2 grams of carbohydrates, 533.14 mg of potassium and 30.9 mg of isoflavones. U-Bansoy pudding can be used as an alternative snack for hypertensive patients who need a diet high in potassium and isoflavones.

Peningkatan Kesehatan Pemberian Jus Melon Hijau Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Darah Pada Ibu Hamil Di Desa Bangun Rejo Kec. Tanjung Morawa Tahun 2023

Melon fruit is a fruit that contains high potassium. One cup of cantaloupe (173 grams) contains 484 mg of potassium, equivalent to 14% of the daily value. Anemia is a condition with hemoglobin levels below normal. Pregnant women experience anemia when the mother's hemoglobin level drops below 11 g / dl during the third trimester. This study aims to prove the effect of giving melon juice on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women at the BPM Hamidah Clinic in Medan. The design in this study was a Quasy experiment using a pre post test with a total sample of 12 pregnant women. Data analysis used T-Test with α = 0.05. Pregnant women before giving melon juice had a hemoglobin level with a Min value of 9.0 and a Max value of 10.0 and a mean or mean of 9.625. After giving melon juice, the Min value of hemoglobin was 12.0 and the Max was 14.0 and the mean or mean was 12.667. The results showed that the variables that had an effect on hemoglobin levels were (p value 0.000; α 0.05). There is an effect of giving melon juice on hemoglobin levels (p value 0.042; α 0.05). Based on the results of this study, the effect of giving melon juice on blood hemoglobin levels in pregnant women at the BPM Hamidah clinic

Test of Acceptance and Potassium Pancake Levels of Red Bean Formulation as a Sanck Alternative for Hypertension Pantients

According to the AKG (2019), the potassium requirement of adults is 4,700 mg. If a snack is given 10% of the requirement, then 470 mg is obtained per snack meal. To meet this need, an innovation of high-potassium snacks was carried out by formulating red beans in the form of flour into pancakes. The purpose of this study to determine the acceptability and potassium content of red bean pancake formulation as an alternative snack for people with hypertension. This study was an experiment on 4 different formulations with a ratio of wheat flour and red bean flour 100: 0 g, 85: 15 g, 70: 30 g, 50: 50 g, then tested for acceptability and tested for potassium levels. The highest acceptability test was in formulation 3 (PKM 3), which was 3.59 in the preferred category with a potassium content of 447.5 mg/100g. One serving of red bean pancake snack based on caloric needs obtained 80 grams for adult men with 358 mg of potassium and 67 grams for adult women with 300 mg of potassium. The highest acceptability test was in formulation 3 (PKM 3). One serving of red bean pancake snack can not meet the needs of potassium

Comparative study of phytoremediation of chromium contaminated soil by Amaranthus viridis in the presence of different chelating agents

Chromium is a harmful heavy metal to the environment due to the toxicity induced by it to plants and other living organisms. High concentration of Cr in soil poses severe toxicological problems ecosystem. Phytoremediation using different plants is an economical and environment-friendly method for removing Cr from soil. The addition of chelating agents augments the phytoextraction using plants.The present study aimed to augment the Cr phytoremediation capacity of Amaranthus virdis, a predominant plant species in the Cr-contaminated open dumpsites of Bangalore. . Phytoextraction of Cr by Amaranthus viridis was studied in the presence of different chelating agents viz. ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), growth promoting hormone- indoleacetic acid (IAA) and NPK fertiliser. A. viridis grown under different concentrations (5, 10 and 20 mg/Kg) of Cr were treated with 0.5g EDTA/Kg of soil, 0.5g CA/Kg of soil, 1mg IAA/Kg of soil and NPK (125 mg of nitrogen, 45 mg of phosphorous and 156 mg of potassium per Kg of soil). Results indicated that CA, at 10 mg/kg Cr supply, induced the highest uptake (up to 29.25 µg/plant). Furthermore, the study revealed that CA amendment induced maximum Cr uptake in A. viridis at all levels of Cr supply as compared to other amendments. This was due to the increased solubility of Cr in the presence of citric acid and the amelioration of oxidative stress due to Cr to plants by citric acid. This study inferred that the non-hyperaccumulating plant, A. virdis could be used as a phytoremediator for Cr in the presence of citric acid in the places where it is grown abundantly.

A novel cultivation method for growing oyster mushrooms with low potassium content using brewer’s grain, an agro-waste

A novel cultivation method was established for growing low-potassium oyster mushrooms to benefit patients with kidney disease by adding various ratios of KCl, NaCl, and glycerol to a basal medium containing conifer sawdust and brewer’s grain. The basal medium contained 265 mg of potassium (6.8 meq)/kg medium, which is close to the minimum amount required for the vegetative growth for oyster mushrooms, corresponding to 8.1% of potassium of the control medium containing conifer sawdust and rice bran. Of the media tested, the medium containing total potassium and sodium of 487 and 584 mg (12.5 and 25.4 meq)/kg medium, respectively, was good in fruiting bodies yield and reduction of potassium amount. Addition of osmolyte glycerol [32.5 g (352.9 meq)/kg bed] to this medium resulted in fruiting bodies with 70% less potassium compared to that of the control medium. These results suggest that agro-wastes can be effectively used for producing low-K mushrooms.

PS-P14-8: BRINGING SALT REDUCTION TO THE ACTIVITIES OF COMMUNITY SERVICE ORGANIZATION KURE ROTARY CLUBS. SMALL EFFORTS TO REDUCE SALT

I am just a practicing physician. Although I cannot move society or influence medical policies, I have nevertheless been steadily building up small salt reduction activities with people in the community since 2008. Since there is a limit to individual efforts to reduce salt, the ultimate goal is to make society as a whole a low-salt society where people can automatically reduce salt in their normal lives. To achieve this, it is important to work to deepen understanding not only among medical professionals, but also across the board, including companies, government, mass media, and education. This time I introduce a community service organization (Kure Rotary Club) that I am a member of, which has started a salt reduction activity that takes advantage of the characteristics of the organization. This organization is composed of managers and executives from many professions in the community, and the members have a great deal of influence, so we thought it would be effective in spreading the word about salt reduction. We have weekly meetings over lunch and learn about community service and other topics. The first thing we did at this meeting was to have a low-sodium and potassium-enriched lunch once a month for all 70 members, with the standard for one serving being less than 2.5 g of salt and more than 1,000 mg of potassium. The day is named “Natokari Lunch Day” and is well known. In addition, to encourage citizens to reduce salt intake, a video supporting salt reduction has been created and distributed on YouTube. Many members, including a director of a major local hospital, a nutritionist, a researcher, a financier, a shipping businessman, a restaurant owner, a miso manufacturer, a Shinto priest, a lawyer and others appear in the videos and relay short speeches of one minute or less about how they are reducing salt and their recommendations for salt reduction. I believe that many doctors in the world are members of Rotary clubs. I hope this will inspire your activities. We have been conducting a series of small activities. For example, we held the “Low-Sodium Summit in Kure 2012,” which led to the start of low-sodium school lunches at elementary schools in Kure City. We have also had many restaurants serve low-sodium dishes, bakeries make low-sodium bread, and we have produced a book of low-sodium recipes. These are just a few examples of activities that medical practitioners can do

The Prospect of Developing Breadfruit as An Alternative Source of Food to Support Food Diversification

Local food is a strategic product for fulfilling the needs of substitute staple for rice and also for food mainstay and a business commodity. One of the local food sources of alternative carbohydrates is breadfruit. Breadfruit production in Indonesia reaches to approximately 190,551.00 tons. Besides being used as food, breadfruit is also used as a raw material for the industry. It has a relatively high nutritional composition. In 100 grams of wet weight, breadfruit contains of 27.12 grams of carbohydrates, 17 mg of calcium, 29 mg of vitamin C, 490 mg of potassium and an energy value of 103 calories. The edible portion (flesh) of the young fruit is 70%, while the ripe fruit is 78%. Currently, the consumption of breadfruit is limited into form of boiled or fried one. Various technologies have been developed in order to increase the variant of breadfruit processed product as an alternative staple food besides rice, wheat and corn. Along with the times, breadfruit has been processed into various form of foods, in order to increase its value in society and be consumed as staple food. Several types of processed breadfruit that has been used as staple foods are breadfruit flour, noodles/vermicelli; bread, sponge; donuts; cakes; breadfruit chips; etc. The effort of processing breadfruit into various kinds of processed foods can support the development program of food diversification. Food diversification is an effort to increase the availability of various food and based on the potential of local resources to meet the diversity of food consumption patterns, which also nutritionally balanced and safe; develop food business; and/or improve the welfare of the community. This paper is the result of a summary and synthesis of several research and assessment results.

EFFECTIVENESS OF COCONUT WATER CONSUMPTION ON BLOOD PRESSURE

Blood pressure as a circulatory system is influenced by psychosocial (stress), genetic, age, sex, nutritional status, and lifestyle (diet, lack of fiber consumption, smoking, lack of physical activity). 30 ml of young coconut water containing 61 mg of potassium, 5.45 mg of sodium, and 1.3 mg of sugar can affect changes in blood pressure. This study aims to determine the effect of consumption of young coconut water on blood pressure nursing students at Respati University Yogyakarta. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with the design of a pre and post-test nonequivalent control group. The sampling technique used simple random sampling, as many as 36 samples. Test using T-test Paired and Wilcoxon. The results of the analysis of systolic and diastolic blood pressure pretest-posttest in the control group obtained p-value of 0.121 and 0.361. The systolic blood pressure analysis and diastole pre-post test results in the experimental group obtained p-values ​​of 0.030 and 0.194. The posttest systolic and diastolic blood pressure analysis in the control and experimental groups obtained p-values ​​of 0.021 and 0.371, which concluded that there was an effect of consumption of coconut water on systolic blood pressure in nursing students.
 Keywords: Blood Pressure; Diastolic; Systolic; Young Coconut Water

Mapping of Plant-Parasitic Nematode Using GIS Technology in Tainal Watershed, Sulaimaniyah Province, Iraq

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate soil samples which had been taken from depths ranging from 0-30 cm in greenhouses planted with different vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and eggplants in 24 agricultural sites in 19 villages. GIS application was used to make maps showing the results of a field survey that was conducted. The experiment was conducted for an area of 12 km2 in the Tainal Plain, west of Sulaimaniyah Province. Nearly 30% of the soil of the greenhouses were heavily infected. Plant analysis showed that the characteristics of ash, fat and moisture were significantly affected as a result of infection with nematodes. The spread of root-knot nematode juveniles in the villages of Al-Mahmoudia, Kani Pengsharma and Kani Shaya was 706, 695 and 622 per 250 g of soil. In tissues of the studied plants, the highest nitrogen content was 68.2 mg in Ziyeka, 60.4 mg in Gawani and 59.7 mg in Ali Bzaw. Phosphorus concentrations were highest in Kani Shaya, Shwankara and Ziyeka (25.5, 25.3 and 23.1 mg, respectively). Warmizyar had 91.8 mg of potassium, Kani Shaya had 78.6 mg and Kani Big had 71.6 mg. The calcium concentrations in Ziyeka, Gawani and Mewk were 54.5, 48.4 and 47.7 mg, respectively.

Sodium and Potassium Intake, the Sodium to Potassium Ratio, and Associated Characteristics in Older Adults, NHANES 2011-2016.

Sodium, potassium, and the balance between these 2 nutrients are associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and prevalence of these conditions increases with age. However, limited information is available on these intakes among older adults. Our aim was to explore the socioeconomic and health factors associated with usual sodium and potassium intakes and the sodium to potassium (Na:K) ratio of older adults. This was a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of the 2011-2012, 2013-2014, and 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This study included the data of 5,104 adults 50 years and older, with at least one reliable 24-hour dietary recall and an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Sodium and potassium intake, as absolute intake, density (per 1,000 kcal) and ratio of Na:K intake. We used t tests and χ2 tests to examine significant differences in intakes on a given day by characteristics. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations of socioeconomic and health characteristics with usual sodium and potassium intakes, determined using the National Cancer Institute method. Only 26.2% of participants consumed <2,300 mg sodium (16.2% of men and 35.2% of women) and 36.0% of men and 38.1% of women consumed at least 3,400 mg and 2,600 mg of potassium, respectively. Fewer than one-third of participants consumed a Na:K ratio of <1.0. Women, those with lower blood pressure, and those with a lower body mass index were more likely to have a ratio <1.0. Participants consumed too much sodium and not enough potassium, based on current recommendations. A higher Na:K ratio was significantly associated with established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The study findings suggest that more research on cardiovascular health should include both sodium and potassium, as well as balance between these nutrients.

Nutritional Content of Street Food and Takeaway Food Purchased in Urban Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Street food (SF) and takeaway food (TAF) are important sources of out-of-home meals in urban Bosnia and Herzegovina, where diet-related non-communicable diseases are growing rapidly. This study aimed to characterise SF and TAF purchased in urban areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regarding customers’ characteristics and the nutritional composition of the foods and beverages. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sarajevo and Banja Luka in 2017. SF (n = 194) and TAF vending sites (n = 154) were selected through random and systematic sampling. Data on the food items purchased and customers’ characteristics were collected by direct observation. Nutritional composition was estimated using data from chemical analyses of the foods most commonly available. Two-thirds of the customers observed (n = 755) were aged ≥35 years, half were women and 27.7% were overweight/obese. A total of 929 food items were purchased. The most commonly bought SFs were confectionery (30.5%), water (27.9%) and soft drinks/juices (22.2%). TAF customers purchased mostly savoury pastries (39.8%), breads (27.1%) and main dishes (21.4%). Almost half of customers purchased industrial food (i.e., pre-packaged foods and beverages produced by the food industry). The purchases presented median contents of 18.7 g of fat (39.6% saturated, 32.3% monounsaturated, 22.1% polyunsaturated, 1.5% trans), 838 mg of sodium and 285 mg of potassium. Saturated-fat contribution was higher in SF purchases (60.4% vs. 30.2%, p < 0.001), whereas TAF purchases presented higher trans-fat proportion (1.8% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001), sodium (1241 vs. 89 mg, p < 0.001) and sodium-potassium ratio (6.1 vs. 0.6, p < 0.001). Generally, SF and TAF bought in Sarajevo and Banja Luka were rich in saturated and trans fatty-acids and sodium, and poor in potassium. Nutrition policies promoting use of healthier fats and salt reduction in SF and TAF may contribute to the prevention of diet-related diseases in these settings.

KANDUNGAN GIZI DAN DAYA TERIMA ROTI STREUSSEL KACANG GUDE (Cajanus Cajan) YANG KAYA KALIUM UNTUK PENDERITA HIPERTENSI

&lt;p&gt;Gude beans (Cajanus cajan) (L.) Millsp) or also called pigeon peas are a type of black legume that can be found in India, Asia and Africa. Pigeon peas are a source of protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, including potassium, but the utilization of pigeon peas for food, especially in the bakery, is still limited. This study aimed to determine the nutritional content of pigeon pea streussel bread through laboratory tests (proximate test and potassium content test) and public acceptance through panelists' preference test. This study used a R&amp;amp;D (Research and Development) with a 4D model (Define, Design, Development and Disseminate). Public acceptance was conducted by 100 general public using a preference test form. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test. The preference test of gude streussel bread showed 4.09 (preferred). Nutritional content of pigeon pea streussel bread per 100 grams consisted of 51.3 grams of carbohydrates, 7.64 grams of protein, 10.36 grams of fat, 310.53 kcal of energy, and 188.79 mg of potassium. This research show that pigeon pea streussel bread can be consumed as a healthy bread for people with hypertension.&lt;/p&gt;

The Effectiveness of Young Coconut Water and Watermelon Juice in Reducing Blood Pressure

Background: Blood pressure is influenced by psychosocial (stress), genetic, age, gender, nutritional status, and lifestyle (diet, lack of fiber consumption, smoking, lack of physical activity). 30 ml of young coconut water contains 61 mg of potassium, 5.45 mg of sodium, and 1.3 mg of sugar, affecting blood pressure changes. Coconut water contains K minerals and is useful for lowering blood pressure. Whereaswatermelon contains anti-hypertensive content, namely sodium, beta carotene, and potassium. Watermelon is rich in water, amino acids, L-arginine, which can maintain healthy blood pressure. Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of young coconut water and watermelon juice on blood pressure in the 2013 nursing students of Respati University Yogyakarta. Methods: This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group pre and post-test. The sample was taken by simple random sampling, namely the control group (18 respondents), the young coconut water group (18 respondents), and papaya juice (18 respondents). Data pre-posttest of each group was tested using Paired T-test. The comparison control-treatment group was tested using an independent-test. Results: The mean differences of systole and diastole pre-posttest blood pressure in the control group were -1.8 mmHg and -1.0 mmHg. The mean difference in systole blood pressure and the pre-posttest diastole of young coconut water groups were -3.1mmHg and -2.4 mmHg. The mean systole and diastole blood pressure in the pre-posttest watermelon juice group were -2.9 mmHg and -1.5 mmHg. The pre-posttest results of systole and diastole blood pressure analysis in the p-value control group were 0.100 and 0.450. The pre-post test results of systole and diastole blood pressure analysis of young coconut water groups gained p-value of 0.030 and 0.194. The pre-post test results of the juice watermelon group's systole and diastole blood pressure analysis gained p-value of 0.032 and 0.181. The posttest results of systole and diastole blood pressure analysis in the control group and young coconut water gained p-value of 0.014 and 0.157. The post-test results of the systole and diastole blood pressure analysis control group and juice watermelon gained p-value of 0.013 and 0.420. Conclusion: Consumption of young coconut water and watermelon juice affects systole blood pressure, but it does not affect diastole blood pressure in nursing students in 2013 in Respati University Yogyakarta. Keyword: Blood pressure, Coconut Water, Watermelon Juice

Deep eutectic solvents for deacidification of waste biodiesel feedstocks: an experimental study

The key challenge in reaching the goals set by Renewable Energy Directive is developing a sustainable, profitable, and environmentally acceptable biodiesel production process. In order to achieve balance between the above criteria, any use of high-quality edible oils as feedstocks needs to be avoided and utilization of waste feedstocks, such as used coffee grounds and waste animal fats, should be encouraged. The main drawback of these waste feedstocks is their high impurity content which usually requires an additional purification step. It is the purpose of this research to investigate the deacidification of three different waste biodiesel feedstocks by means of liquid-liquid extraction with deep eutectic solvents, in order to identify possible connections between solvent properties and extraction efficiency. Eight deep eutectic solvents were chosen to cover a wide range of different properties and the three used feedstocks varied in free fatty acid content. The relationship between solvent properties and extraction efficiency was determined by Spearman’s rank-order correlation. Strong, statistically significant positive correlation was found for solvent pH values, while a strong negative correlation was observed for polarities and molar volumes. The most effective solvent was potassium carbonate/ethylene glycol (1:10, mol.). Depending on the initial total acid number, solvent to feedstock mass ratios 0.1:1 and 0.25:1 were enough to reduce the acidity of waste animal fat below 2 mg of potassium hydroxide/g fat and the solvent was successfully reused up to four times.

Can an intradialytic snack model compensate the catabolic impact of hemodialysis?

Hemodialysis (HD) has a catabolic effect caused by alterations in protein metabolism, increase in resting energy expenditure (REE) and protein needs due to inflammation, HD circuit blood and heat losses, protein losses to dialysate and HD filter membrane biocompatibility. We aim to determine, as a proof of concept, whether a standardized intradialytic snack model is adequate to compensate the catabolic impact of HD. Cross sectional analysis of patients' chosen intradialytic intake according to a snack model, at the day of blood sample collection of three different months. As targets for the compensation of the catabolic impact of HD, we considered 316.8kCal (1.32 (±0.18) kcal/min - 240' of HD) for the estimated increase in REE and at least 7g of protein losses/HD treatment. A total of 448 meals were analyzed, with 383 given during daytime shifts. No intolerances were registered. The mean nutritional profile of the daytime shifts intakes was 378.8 (±151.4) kcal, 13.5 (±7.2) g of protein, 676 (±334) mg of sodium (Na), 361.0 (±240.3) mg of potassium (K) and 249.3 (±143.0) mg of phosphates (P). We found that 68% of the meals provided an intake ≥316.8kCal and 82% a protein intake ≥ 7g, with a significant association found between treatment shift and energy (p<0.028), protein (p<0.028), lipids (p<0.004), Na (p<0.004), K (p<0.009) and P (p<0.039) intakes. We found that this intradialytic snack model meets the target for the treatment-related increases in protein and energy needs. Although sodium intake was found to be high, potassium and phosphate intake was considered adequate.

Development and nutritional evaluation of local ingredients-based supplements to treat moderate acute malnutrition among children aged below five years: A descriptive study from rural Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia.

In Ethiopia, moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) is a persistent public health problem. The current management approaches for MAM among children are counseling in food‐secure settings and food supplementation in chronically food‐insecure areas. The objective of this study was to develop a local ingredients‐based supplement (LIBS) for treating MAM among children. Collection of food ingredients (pumpkin seed, amaranth grain, flaxseed, peanut, and emmer wheat) was made. Sorting, soaking, drying, roasting, and milling of ingredients were done. Nutrient analysis was done using triplicate measurements of each nutrient. One‐way ANOVA was used to analyze differences in means with ± standard deviation of nutrient measurements among the supplements. The nutrient content of four developed LIBS ranged from 20.3 g to 22.5 g for protein, 29.3 g to 33.5 g for fat, 509.5 kcal to 570.0 for kcal, 6.0 g to 8.5 g for fiber, 2.8 g to 3.7 g for moisture, and 2.1 g to 4.3 g for ash. The mineral and antinutrient components ranged from 75.6 mg to 115.6 mg for calcium, 473.1 mg to 570.2 mg for potassium, 79.3 mg to 114.4 mg for sodium, 4.1 mg to 5.6 mg for zinc, 8.2 mg to 10.2 mg for iron, 442.6 mg to 470.4 mg for phosphorous, and 2.1 mg to 4.3 mg for phytate. The LIBS with the highest portion of pumpkin seed had significantly highest amounts of protein, fat, calories, iron, zinc, and potassium. The results found were within the recommended range of required nutrients for the treatment of children with MAM. Therefore, LIBS may be used for the management of children with MAM.

Dietary iodine intake, therapy with radioiodine, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

BackgroundAnaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive tumors. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between a higher dietary intake of iodine, frequency of ATC and the characteristics of ATC, and to find out how often patients with ATC had a history of radioiodine (RAI) therapy.Patients and methodsThis retrospective study included 220 patients (152 females, 68 males; mean age 68 years) with ATC who were treated in our country from 1972 to 2017. The salt was iodinated with 10 mg of potassium iodide/ kg before 1999, and with 25 mg of potassium iodide/kg thereafter. The patients were assorted into 15-year periods: 1972–1986, 1987–2001, and 2002–2017.ResultsThe incidence of ATC decreased after a higher iodination of salt (p = 0.04). Patients are nowadays older (p = 0.013) and have less frequent lymph node metastases (p = 0.012). The frequency of distant metastases did not change over time. The median survival of patients in the first, second, and third periods was 3, 4, and 3 months, respectively (p < 0.05). The history of RAI therapy was present in 7.7% of patients.ConclusionsThe number of patients with a history of RAI therapy did not change statistically over time. The incidence of ATC in Slovenia decreased probably because of higher salt iodination.

Production of low-potassium onions based on mineral absorption patterns during growth and development

The production of low-potassium onions (Allium cepa) for patients with kidney disease is an important horticultural goal because onion is one of the most highly consumed vegetables in the world. To advance progress toward this goal, we conducted two experiments. In Experiment 1, we monitored the potassium content of each organ of the onion cultivar ‘Kaizuka Wase Ki’ during growth and development to determine whether potassium accumulates in the bulb as a result of translocation from other organs or direct absorption from the roots by hydroponic culture using granular polyester medium. We found that the plants developed green leaves under a short-day (12 -h) photoperiod and thickened their leaf sheaths and formed bulbs under a long-day (16 -h) photoperiod. The total potassium content of the green leaves decreased from 3 weeks after the start of the long-day treatment, which was thought to be due to the transfer of nutrients to the bulbs during bulb formation. The potassium contents in bulbs increased by 42.9 mg from week 12–15 after transplanting, it is considered that 14.2 mg of potassium was translocated from the leaves to the bulbs, while the remaining 28.7 mg was directly absorbed by the roots. In addition, there appeared to be a homeostatic mechanism in the onion bulb that maintained the potassium content at approximately 100 mg / 100 g fresh weight, so a strategy to overcome this homeostasis is considered necessary for the production of low-potassium onions. In Experiment 2, the supply of potassium after a long-day photoperiod was reduced to 75 %, 50 %, 25 %, and 0% of the usual amount in an attempt to reduce the potassium content of the bulbs by the same culture method as Exp. 1. This showed that decreasing the potassium supply to 25 % and 0% reduced the potassium content of the bulbs to 184.0 g and 146.7 g, respectively, compared with 303.5 g for 100 % supply. These results show that the extreme restriction of potassium fertilization after the bulb enlargement period is effective for overcoming the homeostatic mechanism, resulting in the production of low-potassium onions.