Mg Of Potassium Iodide Research Articles

Microelements Effect on the General Sheep Performance

Our research shows that the content of microelements (cobalt, copper, iodine) in local feed (alfalfa grass, corn silage, barley and wheat straw, etc.) is very low, and in some cases completely absent. This negatively affects animal productivity. Taking this into account, in 2022-2023 we studied the effect of microelements cobalt, iodine and copper on the overall productivity of sheep. During the experiments, each head of sheep was given daily 10 mg of cobalt chloride, 10 mg of potassium iodide and 10 mg of copper sulfate. The results of a 120-day experiment and our observations show that sheep receiving these microelements had 5,7% more wool and 10,3% greater lamb birth rate compared to sheep that did not receive microelements. Microelements had a positive effect on sheep wool yield, wool length, live weight of the animal, and the development of the lamb in the womb. In the sheep of the experimental group that received micronutrient nutrition, the wool yield was 78 g, and the length of the wool was 0,8 cm longer than in the control group. The live weight of sheep and lambs receiving micronutrients was 3,92 kg at birth and 26,55 kg at weaning, and the live weight of sheep lambs not receiving micronutrients was 3,70 kg and 24,65 kg. Thus, in the conditions of Nakhchivan AR, it is considered advisable to widely use microelements to increase the overall productivity of sheep.

Potassium iodide (KI) prophylaxis in the case of a nuclear accident: A new marketing authorization in France

• A first modification of the marketing authorization of “KI 65 mg, breakable tablet” for repeated prophylaxis for adults and children above 12 years old was obtained in France in 2020. • As of now, the product notice mentions the new dosage for adults and children above 12 years old as follows: one dose of 130 mg of potassium iodide per day up to 7 days, which corresponds to 2 tablets of 65 mg per day until day number 7, except if the competent authorities consider otherwise. Prophylaxis by “KI 65 mg, breakable tablet” is a pharmacological countermeasure of radiological protection adapted for the prevention of thyroid cancer after exposure to radioactive iodine. A first modification of the marketing authorization of “KI 65 mg, breakable tablet” for repeated prophylaxis for adults and children above 12 years old was obtained in France in 2020. At this point in time it is recommended to exclude the repeated intake of “KI- 65 mg, breakable tablet” by pregnant and breastfeeding women and children below 12 years old, who should consequently be subjected to a priority evacuation from the contaminated zone. Regulatory toxicology studies are underway in order to support an upcoming proposal of modification of the marketing authorization of “KI- 65 mg, breakable tablet” for repeated prophylaxis for pregnant women and children below 12 years old.

Dietary iodine intake, therapy with radioiodine, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

BackgroundAnaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive tumors. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between a higher dietary intake of iodine, frequency of ATC and the characteristics of ATC, and to find out how often patients with ATC had a history of radioiodine (RAI) therapy.Patients and methodsThis retrospective study included 220 patients (152 females, 68 males; mean age 68 years) with ATC who were treated in our country from 1972 to 2017. The salt was iodinated with 10 mg of potassium iodide/ kg before 1999, and with 25 mg of potassium iodide/kg thereafter. The patients were assorted into 15-year periods: 1972–1986, 1987–2001, and 2002–2017.ResultsThe incidence of ATC decreased after a higher iodination of salt (p = 0.04). Patients are nowadays older (p = 0.013) and have less frequent lymph node metastases (p = 0.012). The frequency of distant metastases did not change over time. The median survival of patients in the first, second, and third periods was 3, 4, and 3 months, respectively (p < 0.05). The history of RAI therapy was present in 7.7% of patients.ConclusionsThe number of patients with a history of RAI therapy did not change statistically over time. The incidence of ATC in Slovenia decreased probably because of higher salt iodination.

The research of tolerance of solution for intrauterus application “Yodozol”

Complex clinical trials have been carried out in order to study the tolerance and detail of the effect on the morpho-functional state of the organism of target animals of the new development of PE “Biopharm” and the Experimental Station of Epizootology IVM NAAS – solution for intrauterus use in the form of aerosol “Yodozol”, which will help predict the appearance of side effects from drug and prevent it. Methods of evaluation of a medicinal product for clinical trials, including for determining tolerance limits, which were used, included: the determination of the general clinical state of the organism, the study of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood, the control of the age of their first calving and service period, as well as statistical (calculation of average values and error of experimental data). “Yodozol” is a light yellow liquid, 1 ml of which contains 5 mg of iodine and 10 mg of potassium iodide. The drug is used for the prophylaxis and treatment of postpartum intrauterine infections in cows, pigs, sheep and goats (endometritis, pyrometers, cervicitis, vaginitis, delayed digestion caused by microorganisms sensitive to iodine), after giving rhombus, cesarean section and postpartum sanitation of the uterus. Medical product possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions, improves proliferative processes of genital organs, reduces the time of recovery of animals. The drug is used in accordance with the guidelines, after which livestock products are used without restriction. It has been established that the new medicinal product “Yodozol” with three times intrauterine application of cattle at intervals of 48 hours in doses that 2–10 times exceeds the recommended therapeutic, is tolerant. The excess amount of the drug does not cause significant side effects when injected into the uterus. There was no negative influence on the general clinical condition of cows and changes in the morpho-functional state of their organism. Three animals had an increase in the volume of the uterus, omission of horns and the body of the uterus. However, this is a normal individual physiological local reaction of the body to the introduction of an increased amount of foreign matter, which does not affect the general physiological state of animals. The volume and physiological placement of the uterus independently came to normal after the discontinuation of the drug. In all experimental animals exposed to different doses of the iodosol drug, the age of their first calving was from 29.0 ± 1.87 to 33.7 ± 2.27 months, the service period from 76.3 ± 2.27 to 81.0 ± 0.71 days, fluctuating within the limits of physiological norms. All conducted studies of the tolerance of the solution for intrauterine application “Yodozol” were included in the registration materials of the medicinal product.

Investigation of stability of intrauterine aerosol preparation “Yodozol”

For standardization, quality control, study of stability and establishment of storage conditions and terms of use, complex preclinical trials of the new development of PE “Biopharm” and the Experimental Station of Epizootology IVM NAAN – aerosol preparation “Yodozol” have been carried out. The methods of evaluation of a medicinal product applied to aerosols are used, which include: determination of changes in appearance, inspection of packaging for leakproofness, measurement of the percentage of contents of the package, the establishment of qualitative and quantitative indicators of active substances, and also the study of microbiological purity of the product. “Yodozol” is a light yellow liquid, 1 ml of which contains 5 mg of iodine and 10 mg of potassium iodide. The drug is used for the prevention and treatment of postnatal intrauterine infections in cows, pigs, sheep and goats (endometritis, pyrometers, cervicitis, vaginitis, delayed digestion caused by microorganisms sensitive to iodine), after obstetrics aid, cesarean section and postpartum sanitation of the uterus. The drug has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, improves the proliferative processes of the genital organs, reduces the time for recovery of animals. The drug is used according to the guidelines, after its production livestock is used without restrictions. The shelf-life, which is the result of the test of the dasg according to the «stability» indicator, has been determined, which was performed under long-term storage in a place protected from light at a temperature range from + 5 ± 2 °С to + 25 ± 2 °С. The studies conducted after 6, 12, 24 and 30 months showed complete compliance of the quality indices with the declared standards when stored for 24 months in the temperature corridor from + 5 °C to + 20 °C. With an increase in storage temperature to + 25 °C or more, a slight quantitative decrease in the concentration of antimicrobial components occurred. In addition, with long-term storage of drugs, release of the contents from the cylinder became uneven and foam acquired a shade less than the saturation rate, increased microbiological contamination. Thus, according to the results of the study, the established shelf life of the preparation is 2 years at the recommended storage temperature from +5 to +20 °С. All studies conducted on the stability of the aerosol intrauterine drug “Yodozol” were included in the registration materials of the medicinal product.

Amelioration of iodine supply is notably associated with thyroid function in healthy subjects and in patients with euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Background: Our aim was to establish how healthy subjects (HS) and patients with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (EuHT) faced the increase in mandatory salt iodization in Slovenia in 1999 from previous 10 mg of potassium iodide to 25 mg per kg since data about thyroid function with respect to iodine supply are scant.Methods: In this retrospective study we reviewed records of 24,899 patients referred for the first time between 1995 and 2002 to our tertiary referral centre with a stable catchment area for more than 20 years. HS were negative and patients with EuHT positive for thyroid peroxidase antibodies and/or thyroglobulin antibodies. Thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels were obtained. The fT4/fT3 ratio was calculated.Results: In the period 1995-1998, 917 HS had significantly lower fT4/fT3 ratio than 644 HS in the period 1999-2002 (2.6±0.6 and 2.9±0.9, respectively, p&lt;0.001) on account of significantly higher fT3 (median 5.7 and 5.2 pmol/L, p&lt;0.001). Similarly, in 1995-1998, 482 patients with EuHT had a lower fT4/fT3 ratio than 846 EuHT in 1999-2002 (2.4±0.6 and 2.8±0.7, respectively, p&lt;0.001) on account of significantly higher fT3 (median 5.8 and 4.9, respectively, p=0.018). HS had a higher fT4/fT3 ratio than patients with EuHT in 1995-1998 but not in 1999-2002 (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.206, respectively).Conclusions: Amelioration of iodine supply is associated with an increase in the fT4/fT3 ratio on account of lower fT3, and with a similar thyroid function in HS and in patients with EuHT.

Epidemiological trends of iodine-related thyroid disorders: an example from Slovenia.

The epidemiology of thyroid disorders is significantly associated with iodine supply. In 1999, Slovenia increased iodine content in kitchen salt from 10 mg to 25 mg of potassium iodide per kg of salt. According to the WHO criteria, Slovenia shifted from a mildly iodine-deficient country to a country with adequate iodine intake. Ten years after the increase in iodine intake, the incidence of diffuse goitre and thyroid autonomy decreased. Now patients with diffuse goitre and thyroid autonomy reach older age than the patients before the increase in iodine intake. In addition, patients with thyroid autonomy are less frequently hyperthyroid than ten years ago and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism is less severe. The incidence of highly malignant thyroid carcinoma has also dropped. However, the incidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis increased, most probably in genetically predisposed individuals. Over the last ten years, many animal and in vitro studies evaluated the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) on various aspects of the thyroid function. They mostly studied the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins, brominated flame retardants, phthalates, bisphenol A, perfluorinated chemicals, and perchlorate. However, human studies on the effects of EDCs on the thyroid function are very scarce, especially the long-term ones. What they do suggest is that PCBs and dioxins interfere with the transport of thyroid hormones and adversely affect the thyroid function. Many authors agree that iodine deficiency predisposes the thyroid gland to harmful effects of EDCs. Therefore the effects of EDCs in iodine-deficient areas could be more severe than in areas with adequate iodine intake.

A Study of Thyroid 131I Activity of Five Human Subjects Exposed to a Radioactive Plume at Tamura City in Fukushima.

Thyroid 131I activities were determined for five human subjects from a disaster medical assistance team of Fukui Prefectural Hospital. The team was dispatched to the Tamura City Sports Park, 40 km from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. They were exposed to a radioactive plume on 15 March 2011. In vivo measurements at Fukui Prefectural Hospital were conducted around 17 h after the team left the park. A thyroid counter equipped with a 51-mm-diameter × 51-mm-thick NaI(Tl) detector with a 20-mm-thick lead collimator was used. Mock iodine (133Ba and 137Cs) with a thyroid uptake neck phantom was used for calibration. On 16 March 2011, at 11:30, thyroid activity of a member of the team age 53 y, who was never administered stable iodine, was 268 ± 38 Bq. The remaining four men, aged 49, 35, 34, and 27 y, ingested two stable iodine pills (a total of 100 mg of potassium iodide) approximately 36 h before being exposed to the plume. Their thyroid activity values were 249 ± 86 Bq, 676 ± 107 Bq, 569 ± 96 Bq, and 1,082 ± 119 Bq, respectively. An inverse relationship between age and thyroid activity was observed among those who ingested potassium iodide before exposure, indicating that stable iodine administration may have a protective effect. Thyroid 131I activity was reduced by approximately 70% in the oldest person. This can be explained by the iodine metabolism in the thyroid of younger individuals being significantly faster than that of older individuals.

Heating Process in Pasteurization and not in Sterilization Decreases the Iodine Concentration of Milk.

Background:Iodine is a vital component of the thyroid hormones and is required for normal growth, development, and tissue metabolism in humans and animals.Objectives:This study for the first time compares the effects of heating during pasteurization and sterilization on the iodine concentration of milk for an adequate provision of dietary iodine.Materials and Methods:This study was carried out on multiparous Holstein Friesian lactating cows. Thirty Holstein dairy cows were fed with a diet containing 10 mg of potassium iodide (KI) per kilogram dry matter of diet. Milk samples were obtained on days 4 and 2 before and again on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 after the inclusion of KI into the total mixed ration diet of the dairy cows. The milk samples were sterilized using ultra-high temperature, following which the effect of the heating process during sterilization on the cows’ iodine concentration was compared to that in the only previous documented study from Iran in which milk supplementation with KI was the same as ours. Milk in that study was pasteurized via the high-temperature short-time method, a method which involves temperatures in excess of 73°C for durations longer than 15 seconds.Results:The inclusion of KI in the diet of the dairy cows in these 2 separate experiments increased their milk iodine levels. Pasteurization decreased the iodine content of the milk (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the iodine concentration of the sterilized milk.Conclusions:The present study showed that the iodine concentration is not decreased during the heating process in sterilization, indicating that supplemented sterilized milk could be a good alternative vehicle for dietary iodine in the prevention of iodine deficiency.

Beneficial effects of adequate iodine supply on characteristics of thyroid autonomy

Our aim was to establish the characteristics of thyroid autonomy (TA) in Slovenian patients and the required therapeutic dose of radioiodine before and ten years after the increase in mandatory salt iodization from previous 10 mg of potassium iodide to 25 mg per kg in 1999 because almost no data about TA and radioiodine treatment with respect to iodine supply are available. Retrospective clinical study. We reviewed records of all patients referred for the first time in 1998 and 2009 to the Thyroid Department at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana which is a tertiary referral centre with a stable catchment area for more than 20 years. TA was diagnosed by thyroid function, ultrasound, scintigraphy and negative TSH receptor antibodies. Demographic characteristics and the applied dose of radioiodine were evaluated. In 1998, significantly more patients presented with TA than in 2009 (383 of 3243, 11·8% and 333 of 4546, 7·3%, respectively, P < 0·001). In 1998, the ratio between hyperthyroid and euthyroid patients was higher than in 2009 (6:1 and 2·1:1, respectively, P < 0·001). In 1998, patients were younger than in 2009 (mean 63·8 ± 13·9 and 66·8 ± 14·9 years, respectively, P < 0·004). Hyperthyroid patients were older than euthyroid in both years (P < 0·001). In 1998, mean applied dose of radioiodine was significantly lower than in 2009 (713 ± 306 and 791 ± 194 MBq, respectively, P = 0·003). In adequate iodine supply, TA is less frequent, patients are less often hyperthyroid, they are older and cured with higher doses of radioiodine than in mild iodine deficiency.

Ten-year follow-up of thyroid epidemiology in Slovenia after increase in salt iodization

AimTo assess iodine supply and follow thyroid epidemiology for ten years after an iodine increase from 10 to 25 mg of potassium iodide per kilogram of salt in 1999.MethodsIn 2002 and 2003, we determined the thyroid size by palpation and ultrasound and measured urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in 676 schoolchildren from 34 schools throughout Slovenia. From 1999 to 2009, we followed the incidence of diffuse and nodular goiter, thyroid autonomy, Graves’ disease, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis among adults in the stable catchment area of the University Medical Centre Ljubljana with 1 000 000 inhabitants.ResultsIn children, only 1% had a goiter grade 2 (visible and palpable thyroid gland), median thyroid volume was 5.8 mL, and median UIC was 148 µg/L. In adults, the incidence of diffuse goiter and thyroid autonomy decreased significantly (2009 vs 1999, rate ratio [RR], 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.21 and RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.62-0.86, respectively), with a lower incidence in younger participants in 2009 (P < 0.001). The incidence of multinodular goiter and solitary nodule increased (2009 vs 1999, RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.35-1.79 and RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.49-1.99, respectively). No long-term changes were observed for Graves’ disease (2009 vs 1999, RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.81-1.13), while the incidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis increased strongly (2009 vs 1999, RR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.64-2.12).ConclusionsThe change from mildly deficient to sufficient iodine supply was associated with a marked change in the incidence of thyroid epidemiology – a significant decline in the incidence of diffuse goiter and thyroid autonomy and a marked increase in the incidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Thyroid Blockade during a Radiation Emergency in Iodine-rich Areas: Effect of a Stable-iodine Dosage

We examined the effect of stable iodine on thyroid gland blockade in patients with hyperthyroidism in order to make a preliminary evaluation of the appropriate dose of iodine prophylaxis in the event of a radiation emergency in Japan in which radioiodine is released to the environment. Eight patients were orally given single doses of 50 mg or 100 mg of potassium iodide, which contained 38 mg and 76 mg of iodide, respectively. Both doses significantly suppressed a thyroid uptake of (123)I for 24 h (p = 0.03). The protective effects at 24 h were 73.3% and 79.5%, respectively. No side effects were observed during the trial. The present study demonstrates that a single oral administration of 38 mg of iodide produces a thyroid-blocking effect equivalent to that of 76 mg of iodide, suggesting that a reevaluation of the stable iodine dosage during radiation emergencies in iodine-rich areas such as Japan is warranted.

Iodine supplementation in Austria: methods and results.

Until 1963 Austria was an extremely iodine-deficient area with low iodine intake and high goiter prevalence. Therefore, for the first time in 1963, salt iodination with 10 mg of potassium iodide per kilogram of salt was introduced by federal law. Twenty years after this salt iodination, however, investigations in schoolchildren demonstrated iodine deficiency grade I to II according to the World Health Organization (WHO) (urinary iodine excretion, 42-75 microg/g Crea) and goiter prevalence of far more than 10%. In 1990, salt iodination was increased to 20 mg of potassium iodide per kilogram of salt. In 1994, further investigations in schoolchildren demonstrated an increase of urinary iodine excretion (121 microg/g Crea) and a reduction of goiter prevalence below 5%, with the exception of pupils ages 14-19 (12%). In the year 2000, 10 years after the increase of salt iodination in Austria, 430 nonselected adult inhabitants of three communities in Carinthia (a county of Austria) were investigated for iodine excretion, goiter prevalence, and prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies. This study demonstrated that although iodine supply is sufficient now in Austria (males, 163.7 microg of Crea; females, 183.3 microg of iodine per gram of Crea), goiter prevalence is still high in the elderly, who lived for a longer period of iodine deficiency (34.3% in women and 21.3% in men), whereas goiter prevalence in younger people up to age 40 years is below 5%. It could also be shown that the percentage of thyroid autoantibodies is now as high as in other countries with sufficient iodine supply (3.19% in males, 5.17% in females). In addition to the changes of urinary iodine excretion and goiter prevalence because of salt iodination, changes of incidence in hyperthyroidism and histologic types of thyroid cancer are discussed in this paper. In conclusion, the introduction of salt iodination led to an improvement in iodine supply with a marked reduction of goiter prevalence in people who were born after 1963, but also to an increase in hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroid diseases as well as changes in histologic types of thyroid cancer.

Use of iodinated bread for preventing endemic goiter in regions with moderate and slight iodine deficit

Iodination of foodstuffs is one basic trend in prevention of iodine deficit and diseases caused by it. The production of iodine salt is rather expensive, and hence, another highly prevalent foodstuff was chosen as "iodine carrier": bread. Bread is traditional food in Russia and its consumption is stable throughout the year. Bread baking is centralized in the majority of regions of our country. It is manufactured at rather large bakeries and delivered even to the most faraway regions. In order to solve the practical problems of baking iodinated bread, a pilot experiment was carried out in 1993-1995 in the Pavlovsky Posad district near Moscow (a region with moderate and slight iodine deficiency). The experiment was sponsored by the UNICEF (UN Childhood Foundation) and included development of the formula of bread iodination and assessment of this method of iodine prophylaxis. According to the proposed formula, 60 mg of potassium iodide is to be added per 100 g of flour; such a dose covers the daily requirement of an organism in iodine, provided 500 g of bread is consumed daily. The efficacy of iodinated bread was assessed from the time course of renal excretion of iodine and incidence of thyroid enlargement in 162 schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 at a boarding school in the town of Pavlovsky Posad, who were given 300 g of bread daily, and in 178 schoolchildren aged 9 to 11 living in the rural regions, eating about 100 g daily. After 3 months the median level of urinary iodine increased from 4.8 to 12.6 pg% in town and from 3.0 to 6.2 pg% in the country. After 9 months the levels of urinary excretion of iodine were the same, moreover, the incidence of thyroid enlargement decreased in both groups. Hence, the tasks of pilot experiment were fulfilled: a method for bread iodination has been developed and introduced at bakeries and its efficacy in normalization of iodine supply validated.

Iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis in a thyroidectomized patient with metastatic thyroid carcinoma.

An unusual case of iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis is documented in this article. The patient was a 64-year-old euthyroid man with acromegaly. He also had multiple follicular and papillary thyroid carcinomas with a metastatic lesion in the lumbar vertebrae. After a total thyroidectomy, he became slightly hypothyroid, and the lumbar lesion began to incorporate 131I by scintigraphy. When an iodine-containing contrast medium happened to be injected, a transient increase of serum thyroid hormone level was observed. After complete thyroid ablation with 83 mCi of 131I, the oral administration of 100 mg of potassium iodide for 7 days induced a prominent increase of serum thyroid hormone level. These findings indicated that the metastatic thyroid carcinoma could produce excess thyroid hormone insofar as a sufficient amount of iodide was given. Although this is the first report of such a case, iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis may not be rare in patients with thyroid carcinomas because the Wolff-Chaikoff effect is thought to be lost, and the organic iodinating activity and lysosomal protease activity are well-preserved.

The effect of composite oral treatment for internal contamination with several radionuclides on 131I thyroid uptake in humans.

The efficiency of a composite oral treatment on 131I thyroid uptake was investigated in three adult volunteers. The treatment consisted of 10 g of calcium alginate, 3 g ferrihexacyanoferrate(II), 130 mg of potassium iodide and 5 g of Zn-DTPA. This mixture when administered 30 min before 131I almost completely blocked the 131I thyroid uptake. This indicates that simultaneous administration of other antidotal agents do not cancel or decrease the effect of potassium iodide on 131I thyroid uptake. The finding deserves attention since composite oral treatment is the recommended therapy in cases of accidental environmental exposure to several radionuclides.

131I uptake in human thyroid after antidote treatment for mixed fission products contamination.

The efficacy of a mixed antidote treatment in blocking 131I uptake in humans was investigated in two volunteers. Simultaneous oral administration of 10 g of calcium alginate, 3 g of ferrihexacyanoferrate (II) and 130 mg of potassium iodide 30 min before 131I administration caused an almost complete block of the 131I thyroid uptake in both subjects. This indicated that calcium alginate and ferrihexacyanoferrate (II) had no influence on the blocking effect of potassium iodide on 131I thyroid uptake. This finding is important because mixed antidote treatment is the recommended treatment in cases of accidental exposure to mixed fission products.

Treatment of Disseminated Granuloma Annulare With Potassium Iodide

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Yet to be found is a completely safe and effective treatment for disseminated granuloma annulare, an often refractory dermatosis that is marring, if not disabling. Cryotherapy, locally applied steroids, diethylstilbestrol, and, most recently, chlorambucil¹have met with varying success. The favorable effect in certain granulomatous panniculitises of potassium iodide taken orally in a dosage of 500 to 900 mg/day reported by Schulz and Whiting²prompted the following study. <h3>Method and Materials.—</h3> After obtaining informed consent, four adult patients (patients 1, 2, and 4 were women; patient 3 was a man) with biopsy-verified disseminated granuloma annulare began therapy of either a saturated solution of potassium iodide or a placebo (water) in a randomized, double-blind study, beginning with 3 drops three times a day with meals and increasing to a maximum dose of 1 mL/day, which is equivalent to approximately 900 mg of potassium iodide per day.

Reduction of Thyroid Irradiation From 131I by Potassium Iodide

The prophylactic administration of 100 to 200 mg of potassium iodide in anticipation of radioactive iodine exposure will largely prevent uptake by the thyroid gland, thereby reducing the irradiation dose delivered by more than 98%. The same amount given at intervals after 131 I absorption is progressively less effective, but still reduces uptake to less than half after a delay of three hours. The suppressive effect of one dose is of short duration and daily readministration of the agent is required for prolonged protection. The extent of uptake blockade may be estimated by measuring serum inorganic iodide; concentrations of greater than 10μg /100 cc correlate with marked uptake arrest. Toxicity is negligible for a single ingestion, as is required in this temporary measure for the reduction of the immediate thyroid irradiation hazard, but the drug must be avoided by those allergic to it.