Mg Of Carotene Research Articles

JUSTIFICATION OF OPTIMAL DESIGN PARAMETERS TRAY TO BALERS FOR SIDE UNLOADING OF BALES

The main task of agriculture is to provide the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan with food. In accordance with the program of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on import substitution and increase in crop and livestock production, this is an urgent task of agricultural production. The article deals with the issues of increasing the productivity of animal husbandry and increasing the number of livestock, and it is argued that their solution largely depends on the creation of a solid forage base. Pressed hay influences the increase in milk yield and meat weight gain in the winter stall period. In the annual structure of the feed ration, the share of pressed hay reaches 54%. Thus, 1 kg of hay contains 8...15% protein, 23...32% fiber and up to 30 mg of carotene. Pressed hay can be stored for up to three years without losing its nutritional qualities, which allows farms to create an insurance stock. The natural, climatic and production features of the Kyzylorda region make it possible to harvest high-quality pressed hay in engineering rice irrigation systems

Влияние добавки из хвои на яичную продуктивность гусей

The quantity of young geese for fattening depends on the geese parent flock and its reproductive qualities. There-fore, an important technological point is the organization of balanced feeding of the parent flock. The research goal was tostudy the effect of needles diet supplement on the egg production of geese. The experiment was carried out in the peasant farm enterprise “KFKh Shuvaeva Marina Anatolyevna” on the geese of the parent flock of the Lindovskaya breed. To achieve this goal, two groups of 1000 geese were formed. The first group was the control and received the basic diet which nutritional value corre-sponded to the standard; the second group was the trial group, and its basic diet contained 0.5% of the needles feed supplement. This supplement was obtained by extru-sion and contained 199 mg of carotene per kg. The use of the needles supplement in geese diets of the parent flock at a dose of 0.5% increased the gross hatching egg yield per laying female housed by 10.14 and 11.1, respectively. At the same time, the economic effect from 1 head of the parent flock made 77.4 rubles.

Yield and fodder value of pierced leaf sylphia on the reclaimed lands of the non-chernozem zone

Relevance. The article is devoted to the actual problem of studying non-traditional fodder crop — pierced leaf sylphia ( Silphium perfoliatum ), which is promising for introduction on reclaimed lands of the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. Methods and results. The research was carried out at the test site of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands — a branch of the Federal Research Centre “Soil Science Institute named after V.V. Dokuchaev”(Tver region). The experiments were carried out in 2017–2020. Soil on the experimental site isdrained soddy-podzolic loamy soil. The arable layer is characterized by the following agrochemical indicators: pHKCL — 6.7, the content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen — 50.1 mg/kg of soil, mobile phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ) — 272.0 mg/kg of soil, and the concentration of exchangeable potassium (K 2 O) — 78,0 mg/kg of soil. When cultivated on the reclaimed lands of the Tver region, pierced leaf sylphia provided high yields of green mass — 73.0 ± 2,7 t/ha or 13.1 ± 0,8 t/ha of dry matter. The maximum height of the shoots of pierced leaf sylphia reaches during the flowering period, which, in the conditions of drained lands, begins 90–100 days from the beginning of spring regrowth, which indicates the late maturity of this culture in the conditions of the non-chernozem zone. The flowering period is the best period for harvesting sylphs for animal feed, since it is at this time that one kilogram of green feed contains 0.12–0.15 feed units, 170 g of dry matter, 16.5 g of crude protein, 24 mg of carotene, 41 g of fiber, 4.5 g of calcium, 0.4 g of phosphorus, which corresponds to the zootechnical norms of animal feeding. The introduction of pierced-leaved sylphia into the system of feed production on reclaimed lands, including in a green conveyor, allows obtaining the maximum amount of nutrients per unit area, using innovative technologies for the cultivation of forage plants, increasing the quality of feed and the concentration of energy in 1 kg of dry matter to 10,0–10.5 MJ.

ПОЕДАЕМОСТЬ ПАСТБИЩНЫХ КОРМОВ И ОБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТЬ ДОЙНЫХ ВЕРБЛЮДОМАТОК-ДРОМЕДАРОВ ПИТАТЕЛЬНЫМИ ВЕЩЕСТВАМИ

The aim of the research is to determine the amount and nutritional value of pasture forage eaten by dromedary camels on saltwort pastures. As the results of the experiments showed, adult female camels consumed, on average, over three years, 19.2 kg of sagebrush-saltwort-herb pasture pasture food of the above-described saltwort pasture with an initial moisture content of 35.7% and a nutritional value of 0.44 feed units, 4.96 MJ of exchange energy , 50 g digestible protein, 2.92 g calcium, 0.73 g phosphorus and 27 mg carotene in 1 kg of pasture feed at natural moisture. Adult single female camels with live weight in the range of 530-550 kg in the indicated amount of pasture forage (19.2 kg) consumed an average of 12.29 kg of dry matter, which contained 8.45 forage units, 95.23 MJ of metabolizable energy, 960 g of digestible protein, 56.06 g of calcium, 14.01 g of phosphorus and 518.4 mg of carotene. The actual provision in digestible protein was 115.8%, as they consume 960 g at a rate of 829 g, which indicates good grazing and forage conditions of saltwort pastures. The indicated feeding level of single female camels provided the animals with the average daily gain of 670 g. On a similar type of saltwort pastures, a 1.5 year old young camel stock with an average live weight of 265 kg consumed about 11.5 kg of pasture forage, which contained 7.36 kg of dry matter, 5.06 forage units, 57.04 MJ of metabolizable energy , 575 g of digestible protein, 33.6 g of calcium, 8.4 g of phosphorus, and 310 mg of carotene. At the same time, the average daily gain of the experimental young stock for the grazing period is 620 g.

НОВЫЙ СОРГО-СУДАНКОВЫЙ ГИБРИД ГВАРДЕЕЦ

Arid conditions in Central Ciscaucasia caused a shortage of green fodder for animal husbandry. In the current circumstances, new sorghum-sudan hybrids creation and introduction into production are of great importance. The aim of the research is twofold: to assess green mass, hay and grain productivity and quality; to determine the main biomorphological characteristics and level of heterosis of the new sorghum-sudan hybrid ‘Gvardeets’. The experiments were carried out in competitive and environmental testing. In the Novgorod Oblast, the new hybrid provided 43.0 t/ha of green mass; the same indicator in the Altai FASC comprised 42.1 t/ha exceeding standard hybrid ‘Navigator’ by 2.6 and 0.9 t/ha, respectively. The data were obtained in a competitive test by methods of field and laboratory experiments, as well as environmental testing in various regions of Russia. On average for 2015–2020, in the conditions of the Stavropol Territory, the new hybrid provided 53.87 t/ha of green and 11.55 t/ha of dry matter exceeding standard hybrid ‘Navigator’ by 5.03 and 1.26 t/ha or 10.3 and 12.2%, respectively. ‘Gvardeets’ is a mid-ripening hybrid. The first mowing can be carried out in the booting phase or at the end of June/first half of July, the second one – in the second half of August. Furthermore, in moderately warm and humid summers, it is possible to obtain the third mowing in late September/early October. The new hybrid ‘Gvardeets’ has a high rate of initial plants growth on the 30th day of vegetation (80 cm), as well as a high content of leaves in the green mass (34.7 %). The content of protein in dry matter is 11.8 %, fat – 1.9 %, fiber – 30.9%, ash – 6.3 %. One kilogram of new combination feed contains 0.67 feed units, 70 g of digestible protein, 31.9 g of sugar, 81.2 mg of carotene. The provision of one feed unit with digestible protein is 123 g. There is 8.59 MJ/kg of exchange energy, which is better than that of the standard hybrid ‘Navigator’. The stems of ‘Gvardeets’ plants have a juicy core; plants are resistant to drought, lodging, pests and diseases. The parental forms of the hybrid (‘Zersta 90C’ x ‘Sputnitsa’) are distinguished by a high combinational ability and provide a level of true heterosis of the yield of green mass in the amount of 20.81 t/ha (62.9%). The new sorghum-sudan hybrid ‘Gvardeets’ has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2021 in the North Caucasus, Lower Volga, Central Black Earth and West Siberian regions.

Heat balance of the unit for grass meal production

Grass meal is as good as the grain components by its nutritional value, but excels them in nutritional value of protein and vitamins. One kilogram of the grass meal contains 0.7–0.8 feed units, 16–18% of the digestible protein, and up to 30 mg of carotene. During the high-temperature drying of the green material of the perennial grasses, these indices can be increased 1.5–2 times. The heat balance of the unit AVM-0.4 is represented permitting to analyze the possibility to reduce the heat carrier consumption of some processes. The line of the high-temperature drying of the grass in the pseudo-fluidized bed is offered where the optimal conditions of heat transfer and yield of the finished product and its separation into fine and coarse fractions are provided.

Vitamin A Activity of Corn Carotenes for Swine

Three trials, using 204 weanling pigs, were conducted to estimate the vitamin A potency of corn carotenes for the pig. The pigs were depleted of their vitamin A stores by feeding a wheat- or milo-based diet until serum vitamin A levels approached or fell below 10 μg/100 ml. After depletion the pigs were assigned at random to one of the following seven repletion diets: 1) basal diet; 2) basal diet supplemented with 3 levels of carotene from corn or corn gluten meal, or both, with carotene concentrations from 1.04 to 10.3 mg/kg of diet; 3) basal diet supplemented with 3 levels of all-trans-retinyl palmitate, with retinyl palmitate concentrations from 73 to 654 μg/kg diet. Repletion diets were fed until the pigs reached market weight. Serum vitamin A determinations were made initially and periodically throughout the trials. Liver vitamin A stores were monitored by collecting livers from three or four pigs from each of the three trials at the start and end of depletion, and from all pigs at the end of repletion. The carotenes in corn and corn gluten meal were separated by column chromatography, identified as to structural and stereoisomeric form, and quantitated spectrophotometrically. Estimates of vitamin A potency were based on total liver vitamin A stores which the carotenes supported during repletion. Estimating equations were calculated by regressing the logarithm of total vitamin stores in milligrams/liver on total milligrams of carotene or retinyl palmitate consumed during repletion. Conversion efficiencies were calculated by dividing the regression coefficients for carotene by the regression coefficients for retinyl palmitate. At higher levels of carotene intake, when corn gluten meal was included in the repletion diets, 1 mg of carotene had a vitamin A potency of 123 to 174 IU. When corn was the only source of carotenes and the concentration was more typical of corn-soy swine diets, 1 mg of carotene had a vitamin A potency of 261 IU. It would appear that the NRC relationship, between 1 mg of dietary carotene and 500 IU of vitamin A activity, exaggerates the usefulness of corn carotenes for swine when liver vitamin A storage is used as the criterion.

Comparison of a Fifty per Cent Hay and a no-Hay Ration with or without Supplemental Vitamin A for Beef Production from Young Dairy Calves

Male Holstein calves were weaned from a milk-replacer diet at approximately 200lb, castrated and assigned at random to one of six rations. Rations were 1) 50% alfalfa hay, 50% rolled barley, or 2) a no-hay diet consisting of steam-rolled barley and supplements. Each was supplemented with 0, 5,000, or 10,000 IU of vitamin A daily. Calves were individually fed to an average weight of 984lb. There were no significant differences in feedlot performance or carcass dressing per cent, 12th rib-eye area, 12th rib fat thickness, or carcass grade of calves fed the 50% roughage as compared with those fed the no-hay ration. Supplemental vitamin A in the presence of at least 3.7mg of carotene per pound ration had no significant effect on feedlot performance or carcass characteristics. Plasma and liver carotene levels were higher in calves fed the 50% roughage ration. This could be attributed to the higher carotene content of the diet (19.7mg vs. 3.7 mg/lb ration). Supplemental vitamin A caused a nonsignificant rise in liver vitamin A.

STIMULATION OF CAROTENOGENESIS BY MICROBIAL CELLS.

Spent mycelia of Blakeslea trispora recovered from a previous fermentation enhanced carotene production by mated cultures of the same organism. Peak yields of 107 to 142 mg of carotene per 100 ml of medium were achieved in 6 days. beta-Carotene constituted 92% of the total carotenoids produced. The enhancing substance was found present in an aqueous extract of the mycelium. Part of its activity was due to an organic acid fraction. Other microbial cells, molds, yeasts, and bacteria were also capable of enhancing carotene production.

Stimulation of Carotenogenesis by Microbial Cells

Spent mycelia of Blakeslea trispora recovered from a previous fermentation enhanced carotene production by mated cultures of the same organism. Peak yields of 107 to 142 mg of carotene per 100 ml of medium were achieved in 6 days. beta-Carotene constituted 92% of the total carotenoids produced. The enhancing substance was found present in an aqueous extract of the mycelium. Part of its activity was due to an organic acid fraction. Other microbial cells, molds, yeasts, and bacteria were also capable of enhancing carotene production.

Enhancement of beta-carotene synthesis by citrus products.

beta-Ionone, a stimulatory compound in the microbiological production of beta-carotene by mated cultures of Blakeslea trispora, could be replaced with low-cost agricultural by-products (citrus oils, citrus pulp, or citrus molasses) with as good or better carotene yields. Peak yields (81 to 129 mg of carotene per g of dry solids) were achieved in 5 days. The various citrus products tested did not change the pigments produced; all trans-beta-carotene remained the pre-dominant pigment. The acid-hydrolyzed soybean meal and corn used in previous production media could be replaced with unhydrolyzed cottonseed embryo meal and corn in a medium that also contained a natural lipid, deodorized kerosene, nonionic detergent, and a precursor.

Enhancement of β-Carotene Synthesis by Citrus Products

beta-Ionone, a stimulatory compound in the microbiological production of beta-carotene by mated cultures of Blakeslea trispora, could be replaced with low-cost agricultural by-products (citrus oils, citrus pulp, or citrus molasses) with as good or better carotene yields. Peak yields (81 to 129 mg of carotene per g of dry solids) were achieved in 5 days. The various citrus products tested did not change the pigments produced; all trans-beta-carotene remained the pre-dominant pigment. The acid-hydrolyzed soybean meal and corn used in previous production media could be replaced with unhydrolyzed cottonseed embryo meal and corn in a medium that also contained a natural lipid, deodorized kerosene, nonionic detergent, and a precursor.

Absorption of carotene in man.

1. For determining vitamin A in feces, non-carotene yellow pigment giving positive Carr-Price reaction is removed by using weakly activated almina and developing with 1.25per cent acetone-petroleum benzine as a solvent system and the vitamin A fraction thus separated is analyzed for vitamin A.2. For determining carotene in feces, α- and β-carotene fractions are separated by calcium hydroxide chromatography using petroleum ether as a developing solvent and the fraction thus obtained is analyzed for β-carotene photometrically.3. An appropriate assay method for determining percentage absorption of carotene contained in foodstuffs in human experiment was described.4. The percentage absorption of the β-carotene contained in several main carotene-rich foodstuffs and that in oil as well as that of vitamin A in oil were determined in several Japanese and the results were given.5. The increase in carotene and vitamin A levels in serum was successively determined at timed intervals after ingesting varying amounts of vitamin A or carotene in man. It was found that the carotene and vitamin A levels became maximum 5 and 3 hours respectively after ingesting carotene, whereas vitamin A level in serum reached a maximum value 3-4 hours after ingesting vitamin A. After ingesting carotene, the vitamin A level in serum reached a maximum value earlier than the carotene level and the value of the former was higher than the latter. It is therefore presumed that a considerable part of the carotene is converted in the intestine in man, though some of the carotene appear in blood without change.6. If the increased maximum values of serum vitamin A levels were plotted against the amounts of vitamin A ingested, the increased vitamin levels were roughly proportioned to the amounts of the vitamin ingested up to 130mg. On the contrary, if the varying amounts of β-carotene were ingested, the increased maximum serum carotene levels did not rise appreciably after ingesting more than 32mg of carotene, indicating the poor absorption of β-carotene when ingested in larger amounts. The rise in vitamin A levels in serum was also insignificant. In short, carotene is absorbed in man far less than vitamin A, when given in larger doses.7. If the vitamin A in organs is determined 24 hours after administering carotene or vitamin A to rats, the majority of the vitamin was stored in liver, whereas the vitamin increased insignificantly in other organs.8. If the vitamin A in liver is determined successively after administering vitamin A or β-carptene, the vitamin levels were highest about 12-15 hours after intake.9. If the vitamin A levels in liver 15 hours after administering varying amounts of carotene or vitamin A of the same I.U. were determined, those after carotene intake was about 40per cent of those after receiving vitamin A of the same I.U.10. The vitamin A levels in liver were compared 24 hours after administering carotene or vitamin A with or without varying amounts of α-tocopherol. Those after giving tocopherol were somewhat (4-16%) higher than those without supplementation, but the effect was not marked. Taking a gain in body weight of rats into consideration, a remarkable effect of tocopherol has been reported in the literature, but the rise in vitamin A levels in liver was not siginificantly effected in this experiment by giving varying amount of tocopherol.