Mg Of Alkaloids Research Articles

Phytochemical Analysis of Dried Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder

Moringa oleifera is a bio-diversified plant found in many countries of the world specifically tropical and subtropical areas. The leaves of M. oleifera are enormous source of various nutrients and bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds are secondary metabolites called phytochemicals. The presence of phytochemicals in M. oleifera leaves contributes to its medicinal and therapeutic properties. The present study was carried out with the objective to analyse the content of certain phytochemicals i.e. total phenol content, flavonoids, tanins, saponins, and alkaloids in dried M. oleifera leaves. The analysis was done on the extract of four different dried M. oleifera leaf samples using appropriate methods. It was found that the average content of various phytochemicals in per 100 gm of all four samples was 4.70±0.64 mg of total phenol, 0.58±0.15 mg of flavonoids, 25.27±1.68 mg of alkaloids, 16.02±3.18 mg of saponins and 4.55±0.41 mg of tanins. The highest content was of alkaloids. The presence of these phytochemicals in dried M. oleifera leaves indicates that dried leaf powder of M. oleifera can be used for various pharmacological and medicinal purposes.

A case of attempted murder using blue monkshood due to unfulfilled desires

After eating the remains of a noodle soup, two dogs almost immediately showed unspecific symptoms of poisoning, like vomiting, drooling and seizures. The dogs’ symptoms of poisoning were described as severe and one of the dogs almost died, according to the police informations. Unfortunately, appropriate informations from the veterinarian were not available to us. In addition, a blister with blood pressure medication had disappeared from the kitchen table that day. From the previous history it emerged that the affected family had already been stalked and terrorized for months by an unknown person and the dogs had already been poisoned with a sort of slug pellets months before. For analysis, initially only vomit from the dogs and small remnants of the noodle soup were available. During investigations, it was possible to narrow down a suspect who had already made sort of attempted sexual approach to the husband of the family but was rejected. The history of the suspect revealed that he had previously served a prison sentence for attempted murder using arsenic compounds (calcium arsenate). Untargeted analyses were performed using GC-MS and LC-ToF MS. Qualification and quantification of aconitum alkaloids was performed by LC-MS/MS and LC-ToF MS on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (100 × 3.0 mm, 2.7 μm) and gradient elution with 0.5 ml/min of 5 mM ammonium formate in 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid starting from 85:15 (v/v). Targeted analytes were: aconitine 646.3 → 586.2, → 526.2, → 368.1; mesaconitine 632.3 → 572.2, → 512.2, →354.1; hypaconitine 616.3 → 556.2, → 524.1, → 338.1. Results of untargeted analyses (GC-MS, LC-ToF) of dogs vomit and soup had been negative, but large analytical signals were noticed in the total ion chromatogram measured with LC-ToF. A review of the signals led to the suspicion of the aconitum alkaloids aconitine (M+ 646.3221), mesaconitine (M+ 632.3065) and hypaconitine (M+ 616.3115). Quantification in the soup remains showed high concentrations of aconitine (53 μg/g), mesaconitine (136 μg/g) and hypaconitine (18 μg/g). The hypothetical ingestion of an average plate (250 g, containing approx. 50 mg of alkaloids) of the noodle soup could have resulted in fatal poisoning. After investigations of the personal environment of the suspect which turned up negative at first, the police found out he had purchased both blue monkshood seeds and root nodules from the internet. The suspect still denied all allegations. In cases of unclear poisoning and when only little informations are available, occasionally the laborious follow up of unknown mass spectra is the key to case investigation. Also analysis for accompanying alkaloids may corroborate the hypothesis of plant-based intoxications. The suspect was found guilty of attempted murder and sentenced by the district court to life imprisonment.

Characterization of partially purified alkaloids from Cucurbita maxima seed and evaluation of their antioxidant activity in human erythrocytes and leukocytes.

Cucurbita maxima, is a therapeutic plant spread all over the world. The seed of C. maxima constitutes a large amount of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, Vitamin E, and other secondary metabolites. The experiment was performed in four setups (Control, Only H2 O2 , H2 O2 +25mg of alkaloid, H2 O2 +50mg of alkaloids). The enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined to analyze the antioxidant effect of partially purified alkaloids. The results showed that partially purified alkaloids from C. maxima seed reacts effectively on the erythrocytes and leukocytes antioxidant enzyme system when compared to the hydrogen peroxide group. The present results indicate that the alkaloids present in this plant can be used as a natural antioxidant for the pharmacological purposes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The C. maxima seed constitutes rich source of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, Vitamin E, and other secondary metabolites. The results obtained revealed that the purified alkaloids from C. maxima seed acts as natural antioxidants, which enhanced the potential to scavenge H2 O2 and aids in protecting the RBC and WBC cells. The presence of 27 alkaloids of which seven major alkaloids possessing higher medicinal properties like antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, anticancer, anti-malarial, analgesic, nematicide, pesticide, and hemolytic activity were determined from the GC-MS analysis of the extract. Alkaloids acts as major constituent in phytotheraphy and has wide range of clinical application in humans and animals. In conclusion, alkaloids from C. maxima seed may have several properties that leading to the opening of new avenues in the natural product for the therapeutic purpose.

Phytochemical Investigation of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam Ethyl Acetate Extract and Its Ability to Reduce Intracellular Antioxidant Levels in THP-I Cells

Aims: Nilavembu kudineer chooranam is one of the best polyherbal formulations in Siddha tradition of medicinal practice. This formulation has nine herbs as ingredients. This research article explores the scientific analysis of the therapeutic and phytochemical potential of this herbal formulation.
 Methodology: In this study, Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam is extracted with hot ethyl acetate using a Soxhlet apparatus. This study focuses on the pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, physico-chemistry TLC analysis and antioxidant ability of Nilavembu Kudineer chooranam. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is used to analyze the extract of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam to screen for active principles. Antioxidant activity of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam was determined using DPPH assay. Gas Chromatogram Mass Spectrometric method (GCMS) was carried out in the ethyl acetate extract of NKC for phytochemical analysis.
 Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam reveals the presence of phytochemicals. The quantitative phytochemical estimations show the presence of 0.082 mg of alkaloid, 5.81 mg of flavanoid, 4.32 mg of tannin and 0.736 mg of phenolics in ethyl acetate extract. The HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of such phytochemicals that are well known for their medicinal properties. The percentage of moisture content, total Ash, acid-soluble ash, and a water-soluble ash content of NKC were found to be 3.7%, 9.07%,1.66%, and 0.75% respectively. The fluorescence analysis of NKC powder with different chemical reagents revealed the presence of several active principles in the extract. The antioxidant ability of NKC extract was also assessed by FACS analysis using DCFDA assay in THP-I (human monocyte) cells.
 Conclusion: In this in-vitro assay NKC extract significantly reduced the intracellular antioxidant levels in THP-I cells. Thus the in-vitro assay further confirmed the antioxidant potential of NKC extract. It is apparent from the above results and discoveries that NKC makes a perfect health drink.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF ARTEMISIA NILAGIRICA (CLARKE) PAMP. LEAF EXTRACT

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: The points of this exploration work were to decide the quantitative examination of bioactive mixes. Customarily, cutting edge meds rely<br />on the phytochemicals got from the plant source in bigger extents. Numerous bioactive auxiliary metabolites have a positive metabolic reaction on<br />different human diseases.<br />Methods: In the present examination, Artemisia nilagirica, leaves were gathered, dried, powdered and put away in hermetically sealed compartments<br />for quantitative investigation of phytochemicals according to standard strategies.<br />Results: The methanolic leaf concentrate of enrolled 4.33 mg of alkaloids, 1.22 mg of saponins, 12.4 mg of tannins, 24.3 mg of glycosides, 10.2 mg<br />terpenoids, 1.33 mg of coumarin, 59.4 mg of amino acids, 12.2 mg of fatty acids, 17.2 mg of flavonoids, 10.2 mg of phenols, and steroids in follows<br />separately.<br />Conclusion: The plant has a high helpful quality as far as an assortment of phytochemicals from leaf remove and had let to a sure level toward<br />extraction and refinement of specific bioactive mixes for human nourishment.<br />Keywords: Artemisia nilagirica, Secondary metabolites, Quantitative analysis, Leaf extract, Flavonoids.</p>

Crescimento e produção de alcalóides totais de quebra-pedra em função da calagem e da adubação nitrogenada

Foram cultivadas, em casa-de-vegetação, cinco plantas de Phyllanthus niruri L em vasos com volume de 3,4 dm³, tendo como substrato um Cambissolo Álico, com textura média, coletado no município de Nazareno - MG. As sementes de quebra-pedra foram oriundas de Belém - PA. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco doses de N (0, 30, 60, 100 e 150 mg/dm³) e o uso ou não de calcário, sendo que nos tratamentos com calcário visava-se a elevação do pH para 6,0. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado com seis repetições. As plantas foram colhidas aos oitenta dias de ciclo, quando foi avaliado o peso da matéria seca da parte aérea e da raiz e efetuadas as análises químicas e fitoquímicas da parte aérea das plantas. O quebra-pedra é uma espécie responsiva à calagem e à adubação nitrogenada, apresentando na dose de nitrogênio de 77,81 mg/dm³ de solo o equivalente a 90% da produção máxima média (12,25 g/vaso) de matéria seca total, quando na presença de calagem. Na ausência de calagem a produção de matéria seca total decresce linearmente (de 3,9 g/vaso a 2,0 g/vaso) com o aumento das doses de N. O teor de P, S, Ca e Mg nas plantas foi maior nos tratamentos com calagem, independente das doses de N. Na ausência de calagem, o conteúdo dos macronutrientes na matéria seca total foi menor em conseqüência da menor produção de matéria seca total. na presença de calagem. Na presença de calagem, observou-se aumento na matéria seca da parte aérea e na concentração de alcalóides à medida que se aumentaram as doses de nitrogênio aplicadas. A máxima produção de alcalóides totais foi de 0,676 mg/g de matéria seca total da parte aérea, que corresponde à dose de N equivalente a 90% para máxima produção de matéria seca da parte aérea.

Solid-phase extraction and fluorimetric detection of benzophenanthridine alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis cell cultures

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using Sep-Pak C 18 reversed-phase cartridges was developed for the prepurification of benzophenanthridine alkaloids produced by Sanguinaria canadensis cell cultures. Efficient recoveries (>90%) of chelirubine, sanguinarine and chelerythrine were obtained from synthetic solutions using the SPE method. Up to 20 mg of alkaloids were extracted from spiked biomass and culture-medium samples on a 400-mg adsorbent cartridge. This extraction method was more reproducible and as selective as a conventional liquid—liquid extraction technique. Fluorimetric detection was used for the identification and quantification of benzophenanthridine alkaloids after high-performance liquid chromatographic separation. This detection method was compared to conventional UV absorption at 280 nm. The detection limits of both detectors were in the 100-pg range for chelirubine and sanguinarine and in the 1-ng range for chelerythrine. The main advantage of fluorimetry over UV spectrometry was its improved selectivity for the benzophenanthridine alkaloids.

Separation of Alkaloids Extracted from Stephania Tetranda S. Moore by Analytical High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography

Abstract High-Speed countercurrent chromatography is a recently developed separation method which has been remarkably improved in both partition efficiency and separation time. In the present study, this advanced countercurrent chromatographic method was applied to separation of sample mixture containing tetrandrine, fangchinoline, and cyclanoline originally extracted from Stephania tetrandra S. Moore. Separations were performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water in two different elution modes. Sample mixture containing 3 mg of alkaloids was efficiently separated in 100 min. The peak fraction of each component was analyzed with a mass spectrometer for structure identification.

Cell Suspension Cultures ofCinchona ledgeriana; II. The Effect of a Range of Auxins and Cytokinins on the Production of Quinoline Alkaloids

A-5-fold stimulation in alkaloid biosynthesis was achieved by tranfer of cells of Cinchona ledgeriana in suspension culture from a 2, 4-D) and benzyladenine (BA) medium to one containing IAA and zeatin riboside (ZR). Cells at the end of a 28 day period following such a transfer contain over 140 µg alkaloid g-1 fresh weight and nearly 1.4 mg of alkaloid was produced from a 2 g inoculum (equivalent to 1.3 mg day-11-1 culture). The presence of both IAA and ZR was required to give this stimulation in alkaloid biosynthesis. Indoylbutyric acid (IBA) can replace IAA. Increasing the ZR level at the optimum concentration of IBA or IAA gave a further increase in alkaloid accumulation. Whilst these changes in hormonal treatment markedly stimulated overall alkaloid formation they had no major effect on the qualitative composition of the mixture of alkaloids formed.