Mg Kg-1 Of Body Weight Research Articles

Prophylactic Antihypertensive Effect of Extract of Simarouba glauca on Salt-Load Induced Hypertension in Normotensive Male Wistar Rat

Simarouba glauca has been reported to demonstrate a wide range of medicinal properties; including folklore management of hypertension disorder. The current study focused on the application of aqueous leaf extract of Simarouba glauca (AESG) as a potential prophylactic anti-hypertensive agent in male Wistar rats, following salt-load induced hypertension. A total of 15 experimental adult male Wistar rats weighing between 184 and 244 g were used for the study. The rats were allotted into five (5) groups of 25, 50, and 100 mgkg-1 body weight AESG; group that received 8 % NaCl for one week to induce hypertension; replaced with 0.9 % NaCl daily in drinking water for 4 weeks; the normotensive group, received food and water only ad libitum. Body weights and relevant hemodynamics were obtained weekly for four weeks, using the non-invasive (tail-cuff) MRBP system according to the method described by Bunag and Butterfield. Biochemical evaluation and histopathology investigation were conducted on blood plasma and relevant tissues respectively after 4 weeks according to previously established and reported methods; data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism, version 9 and presented as mean ± Standard Deviation. The results indicated that salt-load elicited significant weight loss; elevated hemodynamics; particularly, systolic and diastolic blood pressures; altered relevant biochemical indicators of hepatic and renal functions. Inversely, groups pre-treated with respective dose of AESG exponentially gained weight, significantly prevented alterations of hemodynamics and mitigated relevant biochemical indicators and pathological changes in relevant organs. Pre-treatment with AESG; particularly at 50 mgkg-1, remarkably demonstrated significant anti-hypertensive potential.

Thiazolidine-2,4-dione hybrids as dual alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic evaluation.

Twelve 3,5-disubstituted-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) hybrids were synthesized using solution phase chemistry. Continuing our previous work, nine O-modified ethyl vanillin (8a-i) derivatives were synthesized and reacted with the TZD core via Knoevenagel condensation under primary reaction conditions to obtain final derivatives 9a-i. Additionally, three isatin-TZD hybrids (11a-c) were synthesized. The intermediates and final derivatives were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the observed chemical shifts agreed with the proposed structures. The in vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory evaluation of newly synthesized derivatives revealed compounds 9F and 9G as the best dual inhibitors, with IC50 values of 9.8 ± 0.047 μM for alpha-glucosidase (9F) and 5.15 ± 0.0017 μM for alpha-glucosidase (9G), 17.10 ± 0.015 μM for alpha-amylase (9F), and 9.2 ± 0.092 μM for alpha-amylase (9G). The docking analysis of synthesized compounds indicated that compounds have a higher binding affinity for alpha-glucosidase as compared to alpha-amylase, as seen from docking scores ranging from -1.202 to -5.467 (for alpha-amylase) and -4.373 to -7.300 (for alpha-glucosidase). Further, the molecules possess a high LD50 value, typically ranging from 1000 to 1600 mg kg-1 of body weight, and exhibit non-toxic properties. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay results on PANC-1 and INS-1 cells demonstrated that the compounds were devoid of significant toxicity against the tested cells. Compounds 9F and 9G showed high oral absorption, i.e., oral absorption >96%, and their molecular dynamics simulation yielded results closely aligned with the observed docking outcomes. Finally, compounds 9F and 9G were evaluated for in vivo antidiabetic assessment by the induction of diabetes in Wistar rats using streptozotocin. Molecule 9G has been identified as the most effective anti-diabetic molecule due to its ability to modulate several biochemical markers in blood plasma and tissue homogenates. The results were further confirmed by histology investigations conducted on isolated pancreas, liver, and kidney.

Mercury Extraction from Multivitamin Mixtures Followed by Determination Using FI-CV-ICP-MS

This study deals with a method for Hg determination in multivitamin supplements. Mercury was extracted with L-cysteine prior to its determination using flow injection-cold vapor generationinductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. A miniaturized flow injection system was employed for Hg vapor generation and its introduction in the plasma whereas 1% (v v-1) HCl and 0.005% (m v-1) NaBH4 were used for that purpose. Mercury extraction was carried out using 6 mL of 1% m v-1 L-cysteine and 50 mg of sample. Accuracy was proved by comparing the Hg concentration found using L-cysteine with the Hg concentration found in the sample decomposed using microwave-assisted digestion, and analysis of certified soil. The limits of detection and quantification of the proposed method were 2 and 6 ng g-1 of Hg, respectively. The relative standard deviation was < 10% (n = 5). Five samples of multivitamin supplements were analyzed and, in any sample, the tolerable amount of Hg (4.0 µg kg-1 body weight) recommended by the World Health Organization was exceeded. The proposed method for Hg determination meets the current legislation and is feasible for Hg monitoring in multivitamin supplements.

INFLUENCE OF ALLIUM SATIVUM ON THE ANTIHYPERGLYCAEMIC ACTIVITY OF GLICLAZIDE IN DIABETIC RATS: AN HERB-DRUG INTERACTION STUDY

In this particular study, the objective was to examine how varying doses of gliclazide (1 mg kg-1) and Allium sativum (104 mg kg-1) affect interaction in rats with diabetes induced by alloxan. The diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan at a dosage of 100 mg kg-1 of body weight. The results revealed that the administration of gliclazide at 1 mg kg-1 of body weight and A. sativum at 104 mg kg-1 body weight exhibited noteworthy antihyperglycemic effects. The objective was to determine whether an interaction exists between these two substances in the context of diabetic conditions. In combination the A. sativum significantly enhanced the antihyperglycaemic activity of gliclazide from 2nd to 8th h except at 4th h. Hence, there is existence of pharmacodynamic interaction between A. sativum and gliclazide.

Dietary Dityrosine Induces Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial-Lipid Imbalance in Mouse Liver via MiR-144-3p-Mediated Downregulation of Nrf2.

Dityrosine (DT) is a protein oxidation marker present in many high-protein foods, such as dairy and meat products. Chronic dietary intake of DT induces oxidative stress damage in the liver and impairs energy metabolism. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of DT on disrupted hepatic energy metabolism. The study investigates hepatic lipid accumulation, redox status imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy metabolism disorders in 4-week-old C57BL/6J mice after 35 days of DT (420 µgkg-1 body weight) treatment. Transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR in HepG2 cells show that DT mainly acted via miR-144-3p. miR-144-3p targets immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1) and decreases the fumaric acid level in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, thereby decreasing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and antioxidant activity. Administration of lycopene, a strong antioxidant, alleviates DT-induced damage in mice, confirming the involvement of the Nrf2 pathway in DT-induced abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.

IN-VIVO ANTHELMINTIC AND TOXICITY STUDY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF PROSOPIS AFRICANA AGAINST HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS IN GOATS

In-vivo anthelmintic and toxicity study of Prosopis africana against Haemonchuscontortusin goats were evaluated for maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and therapeutic dose (TD) in this experiments. Two extracts, aqueous extract of stem bark (AESB) and aqueous extract of leaves (AELF) were obtained. Phytochemical constituents identified in the extracts include Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Steroids, Cardiac glycosides and Saponins. In maximum tolerated dose and acute toxicity study, eighteen West African Dwarf goats (aged 5-6 months old) were used. Three dose regimes of 1000 mgkg-1, 2000 mgkg-1and 3000 mgkg-1body weight for each type of extract was orally administered to three goats per dose with each dose being replicated thrice. Animals were observed for 48 hours for apparent signs of toxicity. Four weeks later they were re-examined for signs of delayed cytotoxic effects. At the same time, the goats were evaluated for egg per gram reduction. The results shows at the dose of 1000 mgkg-1, there was no mortality and no evidence of toxicity in both gross and histopathological lesions. At the dose of 2000 mgkg-1to 3000 mgkg-1, various histopathological changes were observed, and at 3000 mgkg-1 stem bark, showed highest reduction (94.2 %) in egg per gram. In this study, 1000 mgkg-1 and 3000 mgkg-1are considered as MTD and TD respectively.

Acute intoxication with single oral dose of ochratoxin A (OTA) causes leukopenia, heteropenia, lymphopenia and lymphoid depletion in the bursa of Fabricius in broiler chicks

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by species of Penicillium and Aspergillus, agricultural product contaminants. Chronic and sub-chronic OTA intoxication by chickens ingesting contaminated feed, leads to health damages due to its hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, cytotoxic, immunotoxic, gastrotoxic, and possibly carcinogenic effects. As there are few data on acute intoxication, the present study evaluated the effects of a single acute OTA intoxication dose on immunological and hematological parameters in chicks. Sixteen one-day-old chicks were used, separated into two groups (n=8). A single dose of OTA (1400 µg kg-1 body weight) was administered, via gavage, for the OTA group and one dose of sterile PBS for the control group. On the 13th day, blood samples were collected to assess hematological and biochemical parameters, and on the 14th day, euthanasia and collection of lymphoid organs were performed. The animals of the OTA group demonstrated a significant decrease in total circulating leukocytes (p<0.001) with heteropenia (p<0.001) and lymphopenia (p=0.023), decrease hematocrit (p=0.020), hemoglobin (p=0.032), and plasma IgA (p =0.044), and increased plasma uric acid level (p=0.045), in relation to the control group. In addition, the animals intoxicated with OTA showed depletion of lymphoid cells in the bursa of Fabricius (p=0.016), but not in the thymus or spleen (p>0.05), compared to the control. For the other parameters: total plasma proteins, plasma IgY levels, and anti-Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine titers from matrices, there were no significant differences between the analyzed groups (p>0.05), although there was a worsening tendency in contaminated animals. In conclusion, even a single acute OTA intoxication at a high dose, leads to the suppression of the systemic immune response, also affecting some hematological or biochemical parameters in chicks.

The Effects of Alchornea laxiflora Leaf Extract on Total- and HDL- Cholesterol Levels in Serum, Liver, and Kidney of Rats

Alchornea laxiflora is one of the underutilized tropical plants in Nigeria. The extract from the leaf has been shown to contain certain phytochemical principles which have been linked to some of its medicinal uses. The effect of Alchornea laxiflora aqueous leaf extract on the level of the total- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) - cholesterols in the serum, liver, and kidney of rats was evaluated in this study. Twelve rats were grouped into three containing four each. Group A (control) was administered with only distilled water. Groups B and C were administered with aqueous extract of Alchornea laxiflora at 100 mg kg-1 and 200 mgkg-1 body weight respectively for twenty-eight days. The result revealed a decrease in the level of total cholesterol in the serum and kidney of rats administered with aqueous leaf extract of Alchornea laxiflora. It can therefore be suggested that Alchornea laxiflora holds much promise in offering protection against possible lipid peroxidation and lowering the level of total cholesterol in the serum and kidneys of rats.

Fluazuron Influences the in vitro Production Embryos of Wagyu Cow

Imported breeds raised in tropical countries demand greater use of chemical control of ectoparasites, however, this practice can compromise the results of biotechnologies of reproduction. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of chemical residues of tick or their metabolites in the blood and in the follicular fluid and to verify the in vitro embryo production (IVEP) of Wagyu cows, raised in a tropical country, submitted to fluazuron based tick treatment. Twenty adult Wagyu bovine females were used, donors of oocytes, divided into 2 groups: G1 - animals that were not submitted to tick control and G2, animals that were submitted to chemical control of ticks with fluazuron based product (2.5 mg kg-1 of body weight). After application (D0), all cows were submitted to estrous synchronization and, in four moments (D12, D33, D54 and D75) the aspirations of the follicular fluid from the dominant follicles were performed, the oocytes were collected for IVEP and were collected blood samples for extraction and analysis of the presence of chemical residues, using GC-MS. Plasma residues of fluazuron were detected up to 54 days after application of the tick, but no residues were detected in the follicular fluid. Group 1 had a higher number of total and viable oocytes (p<0.0001), however, the viability rate and the blastocyst rate was lower (p<0.0001), showing that the use of ticks compromised IVEP.

Dexmedetomidine as a sole sedative for procedural sedation in preterm and neonate infants: A retrospective analysis

Many different sedation concepts for magnetic resonance imaging have been described for prematurely and term-born infants, ranging from "no sedation" to general anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-2 receptor agonist that is frequently used to sedate older children, because the anesthesiologist can easily adjust sedation depth, the patient maintains spontaneous breathing, and awakens rapidly afterwards. The present study evaluates whether dexmedetomidine could safely be used as the sole sedative for prematurely and term-born infants less than 60 weeks postconceptional age undergoing diagnostic procedures. We performed a retrospective monocentric analysis of n=39 prematurely and term-born infants (<60 weeks postconceptional age or a body weight <5kg) who were sedated with dexmedetomidine for an MRI at a German university hospital from August 2016 to November 2018. Successful imaging was achieved in all cases. The median initial bolus of dexmedetomidine administered over 10 min was 1.39 μg kg-1 body weight (range 0.34-3.64 μg kg-1 ), followed with a continuous infusion at a median rate of 1.00 μg kg-1 h-1 (range 0.5-3.5μg kg-1 h-1 ); however, 3 patients (7%) needed some additional sedation (ketamine or propofol). All patients, including 10 infants who had previously required respiratory support, underwent the procedure without any relevant desaturation or apnea. Bradycardia was observed in up to 15 out of 39 cases (38.5%), but only four (10.3% in total and 26.7% of bradycardia) required atropine. These results indicate that dexmedetomidine can be safely used for procedural sedation in the high-risk cohort of prematurely and term-born infants less than 60 weeks postconceptional age. Apnea during procedural sedation and subsequent stay in the recovery room is avoided, but bradycardia remains a relevant risk that may require treatment.

Risk Assessment of Total Mercury (T-Hg) in Commercial Seafood Marketed in Bangkok, Thailand

Seafood is recognized as the high protein source of human consumption. However, it is hampered by mercury contamination. The objectives of this study are to determine total mercury (T-Hg) levels in edible portions of commercial seafood available in Bangkok’s supermarkets, and to evaluate the potential risks from mercury through seafood consumption. Total 32 species, including 22 fish, 4 cephalopod and 6 shellfish, were purchased from super-markets. Fish samples were dissected in 3 parts comprised of flesh, gill and viscera. While, cephalopod and shellfish were separated for edible tissues. The samples were digested in hot acid and were determined using cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry technique. The results revealed that T-Hg contained in the fish flesh &gt; cephalopod &gt; shellfish. In addition, T-Hg was accumulated in flesh &gt; viscera &gt; gill. Statistical analysis suggested that T-Hg accumulated in flesh was related positively with species, feeding habit, and habitat (p &lt; 0.05). For risk analysis, estimated daily intake (EDI) of flesh ranged from 0.01 to 0.42 µg kg-1 bodyweight d-1, the lowest and highest EDI values were in salmon and yellowfin tuna, res-pectively. Yellowfin tuna, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, fourfinger threadfin, and silver sillago were the 4 species that having the EDI values of T-Hg higher than the FAO/WHO recommended provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) of 0.23 µg kg-1 bodyweight d-1. Thus, the frequent consumption of these seafood are not recommended. In addition, the daily consumption of seafood should not exceed the maximum safe daily intake (MSDC). The MSDC of seafood in this study ranged from 15.5 (yellowfin tuna) to 474 (salmon) g d-1.

EVALUATION OF THE ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF GARLIC JUICE ON ALLOXAN INDUCE DIABETIC RAT

Medicinal plants may provide valuable therapeutic agents in modern medicine and in traditional system, especially in areas where the modern drugs are unavailable, expensive or predispose to life threatening complications. One of these plants is Garlic (Allium L. liliaceae) which is used as foodstuff, condiment, and flavoring in folk medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic juice on plasma glucose concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity on alloxan induced diabetic rats following injection with alloxan (120 mgkg-1 body weight) to diabetic treated and diabetic control group‘s intraperitoneally. Garlic juice (1ml/100g/body weight) was administered orally to diabetic treated once daily for 28 days. The result showed a statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease in plasma glucose concentration of diabetic treated at day 28 (112.86 ±2.10mg/dl) when compared to day 0 (202.09 ± 1.80mg/dl). SOD activity showed a statistical significant increase (P &lt; 0.05) in the liver of diabetic treated when compared to in diabetic control. There was a statistical non-significant increase (P&gt;0.05) in the heart and kidney of diabetic treated when compared to diabetic control. The result obtained in this study showed that garlic juice has antidiabetic and slight antioxidant effect in plasma and tissues (Liver, Heart andKidney

Efeitos de antibióticos promotores de crescimento e do concentrado sobre o consumo, digestibilidade, degradabilidade e variáveis ruminais de novilhos de corte

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of antibiotic growth promoters to concentrate on intake, digestibility, in situ degradability and ruminal variables in steers. Four steers in a Latin square design were fed hay (ad libitum), concentrate [10g kg-1 of body weight (BW)] and mineral mix (0.272g kg-1 of BW). The additives (0.75mg kg-1 of BW) were incorporated in the mineral mix as follows: Control (no antibiotics), lasalocid (LASA), salinomycin (SALI) or virginiamycin (VIRG). Antibiotic did not affect intake, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, and non-fibrous carbohydrates. The LASA and SALI tended (P=0.09) to reduce the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The SALI and VIRG tended (P=0.09) to reduce the DM disappearance, and VIRG tended (P=0.06) to reduce the NDF disappearance in the rumen. The SALI and VIRG reduced the effective degradation and only SALI reduced the concentration of N-NH3 in the rumen. Thus, the antibiotics did not affect intake, pH, VFA and digestibility, but decreased the degradation of fiber and only SALI reduced the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) in the rumen.

Protective Effect of Methanolic Extract of Euglena tuba Against Dalton Lymphoma Induced Oxidative Stress in BALB/c Mice.

The identification and pharmacological validation of plant-based lead compounds for the cure of different diseases including cancer have always been globally strived. In addition to possessing numerous medicinal properties, many of the phytochemicals display antioxidant potential activities. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) causeoxidative stress leading to several severe diseases such as cancer. The antioxidants are substances that fight against ROS to protect the cells from their damaging effects. In the present study, the effects of methanol extract of Euglena tuba(ETME) have been evaluated for its antioxidant and antitumor potential against Dalton's lymphoma (DL) introduced in BALB/cmice. After 24h of intraperitoneal inoculation of DL cells in mice, ETME (300 mgkg-1 body weight) was administered intraperitoneally upto18 alternative days. On the 18th day, the mice were sacrificed; the blood and tissues (liver and brain) were collected to determine the tumor growth parameters including morphological, behavioural, haematological profile, and antioxidant indices. The results indicated that ETME exhibited significant antioxidative and antitumor properties when compared with the data from DL bearing mice. The results from the present study indicated that ETME contained remarkable antitumor efficacy, which was mediated through amelioration of oxidative stress. The data suggested that ETME could be used as a potential natural anticancer agent.

Effects of ethanol extract of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus seeds on reproductive parameters and oxidative stress markers in male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) exposed to Paraquat

Paraquat is a contact herbicide, particularly effective for weeds control. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of ethanol extract of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus (EEAL) seeds on reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress caused by paraquat in male Guinea pigs. 60 male guinea pigs were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups (n = 8) which orally received varied concentration of solutions for 115 days. Group 1 (G1) received distilled water; group 2 (G2) was given 4 mg kg-1 of body weight of paraquat (PQ), group 3 (G3) received 4 mg kg-1 bw of PQ and 100 mg kg-1 bw of Vitamin C (Vit C) while groups 4, 5 and 6 were co-treated with PQ (4 mg kg-1) plus EEAL at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 bw respectively. Serum testosterone, total cholesterol, the reaction time, sexual organ weights, sperm count, motility and anomalies (minors and majors), spermatozoa with entire plasma membrane, testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total peroxidases activities were assessed. Result showed that the co-administration of paraquat and EEAL significantly (p

Anti-Oxidoreductive stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats

Olive leaves extract is famous for its antioxidant and protective effects. In this study, the aqueous extract of Iraqi Olea europaea L. Leaves was investigated for its anti-diabetic effects against low double doses of alloxan induced Diabetes Mellitus in rats. Low double doses (75 mgKg body weight) of alloxan were injected intraperitoneally at day 1&29 of the experimental period in rats, whereas an aqueous extract of Iraqi Olea europaea L. Leaves was added continuously to their drinking water. Serum malondialdehyde concentration, total oxidative stress and oxidative stress index as oxidoreductive stress biomarker, activities of certain anti-oxidoreductive stress enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, super oxide dismutase and catalase) and concentration of reduced form glutathione wit total antioxidative stress capacity and lipid profile were estimated. Furthermore, histopathological evaluation of pancreas and liver were conducted. Obviously, the double doses of Alloxan that injected intraperitoneally were enhanced oxidoreductive stress by elevation of malondialdehyde and decreased some antioxidative stress biomarkers like GSH-Px and reduced form of glutathione and ultimately by increasing fasting blood glucose. Simultaneously, The diabetic rats treated with the extract showed reduction in fasting blood glucose by enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved some antioxidative parameters, and significantly decreased the histopathologic lesions noticed in pancreas of the treated diabetic rats. Together with converting the pathology of these organs caused by diabetes to almost normal architecture. Taken together, the aqueous extract of Iraqi olive leaves demonstrated many therapeutic criteria to cope with oxidoreductive stress mediated diabetes mellitus in alloxan injected rats. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style ASSUMAIDAEE AAM, ALI NM, IBRAHEEM ZO, FADHIL AA, AL-HELLI KAA. stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in SRP. 2020; 11(1): 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 Web Style ASSUMAIDAEE AAM, ALI NM, IBRAHEEM ZO, FADHIL AA, AL-HELLI KAA. stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=83962 [Access: March 28, 2021]. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 AMA (American Medical Association) Style ASSUMAIDAEE AAM, ALI NM, IBRAHEEM ZO, FADHIL AA, AL-HELLI KAA. stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in SRP. 2020; 11(1): 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 Vancouver/ICMJE Style ASSUMAIDAEE AAM, ALI NM, IBRAHEEM ZO, FADHIL AA, AL-HELLI KAA. stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in SRP. (2020), [cited March 28, 2021]; 11(1): 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 Harvard Style ASSUMAIDAEE, A. A. M., ALI, . N. M., IBRAHEEM, . Z. O., FADHIL, . A. A. & AL-HELLI, . K. A. A. (2020) stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in SRP, 11 (1), 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 Turabian Style ASSUMAIDAEE, AJWAD AWAD MUHAMMAD, NATHERA M. ALI, ZAID O IBRAHEEM, AMMAR A. FADHIL, and KHULOOD AZEEZ ANBER AL-HELLI. 2020. stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (1), 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 Chicago Style ASSUMAIDAEE, AJWAD AWAD MUHAMMAD, NATHERA M. ALI, ZAID O IBRAHEEM, AMMAR A. FADHIL, and KHULOOD AZEEZ ANBER AL-HELLI. Anti-Oxidoreductive stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style ASSUMAIDAEE, AJWAD AWAD MUHAMMAD, NATHERA M. ALI, ZAID O IBRAHEEM, AMMAR A. FADHIL, and KHULOOD AZEEZ ANBER AL-HELLI. Anti-Oxidoreductive stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.1 (2020), 292-302. Print. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 APA (American Psychological Association) Style ASSUMAIDAEE, A. A. M., ALI, . N. M., IBRAHEEM, . Z. O., FADHIL, . A. A. & AL-HELLI, . K. A. A. (2020) stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (1), 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38

Influence of cranioskeltal trauma, complicated with blood loss, on the bile-forming function of liver during the early period of traumatic disease among rats with different resistance to hypoxia and its correction

Introduction. The development of multiorgan dysfunction and insufficiency is one of the serious complications of severe multiple and combined lesions. In their pathogenesis, a key role is played by secondary lesions of organs remote from the site of direct injury, which is caused by the systemic response of the body to inflammation and is a characteristic feature of traumatic disease. As a model of the development of organ damage in experimental polytrauma, the biliary function of liver is often investigated. However, the features of systemic disorders, in particular, the biliary function of liver, in conditions of severe skeletal injury, depending on the resistance to hypoxia, have not been studied enough.Purpose: to determine the dynamics of biliary function of liver in case of cranioskeletal trauma complicated with blood loss among rats with different resistance to hypoxia during the early period of traumatic disease and to evaluate the effectiveness of thiocetam in the correction of identified disorders.Materials and methods. 108 nonlinear white male rats weighing 180-200 g were used in the experiments. Previously, individual resistance to hypoxia was determined, rats were divided into two groups: with high- and low-resistance (HR and LR) animals to hypoxia. Subsequently, HR and LR rats were divided into 4 groups: one control and three experimental. Under conditions of thiopentale sodium anesthesia (40 mg kg-1) the first experimental group HR and LR of rats was had cranioskeletal trauma, the second - acute blood loss in the amount of 20-22% of circulating blood volume, the third experimental group after application of cranioskeletal injuries and acute blood loss in order to correct HR and LR-rats were thrown Thiocetam intraperitoneally, dose 250 mg kg-1 of body weight 1 time per day. Animals of the control and experimental groups in 1, 3 and 7 days after injury were catheterized the common bile duct, collected bile, in which the content of total bile acids was determined.It was found out that laboratory white rats, which are genetically different in resistance to hypoxia, also differ in the intensity of biliary function of liver. Among HR rats, the bile content of total bile acids was higher than that among LR rats. Under the influence of cranioskeletal injury, the bile content of total bile acids decreased among both HR and LR rats. Despite the lower initial content of total bile acids in the bile of LR rats, under the influence of cranioskeletal trauma in this group, the degree of the studied indicator reduction was significantly greater than among HR rats, indicating greater sensitivity of LR rats to pathogens of traumatic disease, which lead to damage to the microsomal monooxygenase system of hepatocytes. Under the conditions of acute blood loss additional modeling, the disorders were more visible, but the result was statistically significant only among LR rats in 3 days of the experiment. In addition, LR rats had a greater degree of reduction of the studied indicator in 3 and 7 days of the experiment. Under the influence of seven-day-usage of Thiocetam in the groups of LR and HR rats with cranioskeletal trauma, the violation of total bile acids content in the bile became significantly lower compared to animals without correction. A similar result was found under conditions of additional acute blood loss. Under these conditions, the degree of increase of total bile acids content in the bile was greater among LR rats than among HR rats, which indicates a higher efficiency of Thiocetam among LR rats.Conclusions: 1. The content of total bile acids in the bile among intact HR-rats is significantly higher than among LR-rats. Under the influence of cranioskeletal trauma, the content of total bile acids in the bile is reduced compared to the control, but the degree of reduction is significantly greater among LR rats after 7 days of the experiment. Complication of cranioskeletal injury with acute blood loss causes a significantly greater reduction in the bile content of total bile acids among LR rats compared with HR rats after 3 and 7 days of the experiment. The use of Thiocetam is accompanied by a decrease of liver biliary dysfunction, which is more visible among LR rats with acute blood loss.

The effect of different exogenous kisspeptins on sex hormones and reproductive indices of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) broodstock.

Despite several studies on fish hormone therapy, finding new candidates may provide more reproductive efficiency in artificial propagation. Kisspeptins, being upstream of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, appear to play a key role in the reproduction process. In the present study, the effect of different variants of kisspeptide, including goldfish (Carassius auratus) kiss1 kisspeptin (Kiss1), human kisspeptin (Hkiss), and their combination (Kiss1 + H), on the reproductive indices of goldfish broodstock in comparison to Ovaprim (a typical synthetic Gnrh hormone) was investigated. Peptides (Kiss1 and Hkiss) were synthesized using a solid-phase synthesis approach. Kiss1 and Hkiss were injected at a dose of 100 μg kg-1 body weight, blood samples were taken 6 h after injection and sex hormones (E2, Dhp, and 11-Kt), gonadotropins (Lh and Fsh), cortisol and reproductive indices (fecundity, fertilization and hatching percentage) were measured. The results showed a significant increase of plasma sex hormones and gonadotropins in fish treated with kisspeptins. In addition, the cortisol and lipoprotein lipase in Kiss1, Hkiss and Kiss1 + H were remarkably increased compared to Ovaprim. In conclusion, kisspeptins could be a more suitable candidate than Ovaprim for accelerating and synchronizing oocyte maturation in the fisheries industry.

Selective Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite Using Cobalt Phthalocyanine Modified on Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Nitrite (NO2 -) as an important preservative is extensively used in the food industry, especially in the production and processing of pickled meat due to nitrite prevents bacterial growth. In addition, NO2 - as a toxic contaminant probably threaten human health by producing N-nitrosamines with highly carcinogenic. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has restricted the maximum contaminant level to 1.0 ppm (21.7 μM), and a similar guideline value recommended by WHO is 3.0 ppm. European Union Scientific Committee for Food sets the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of NO2 - as 0.06 mg kg-1 of body weight. Voltammetric biosensing is considered the most promising approach because it offers a fast, reliable, and low-cost detection. In this abstract, cobalt (II) phthalocyanine (CoPc) was immobilized on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), then modified on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as an electrochemical senor toward nitrite using the voltammetric technique. Consequently, we developed a facile, sensitive, and rapid electrochemical method for nitrite determination, which reached a linear dynamic range of 0.01 to 1050.0 mM with a detection limit of 2.11 μM. The simple preparation of CoPc/MWCNTs makes the novel material convenient tools for the development of new electrode modified materials. Such excellent performance is ascribed to the synergistic effect between CoPc and MWCNT, indicating the promise of applying CoPc/MWCNTs@GCE in the practical bio-sensing applications. Figure 1

Effect of the Ethanolic Extract of Gloriosa superba Linn (Langli) Roots on theReproductive System of Female Rats

Background The rhizome extract of Gloriosa superba Linn family Liliaceae is known to induce labor and facilitate normal delivery.Objective The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of ethanolic extract of Gloriosa superba Linn EyGS roots on the reproductive system of female Wistar rats.Material and Methods Immature ovariectomized OVX Wistar rats were administered EyGS orally at 20 and 40 mgkg body weight. Uterotrophic assay was performed to evaluate the effect of EyGS on estrogenic and progestogenic activity. The parameters evaluated were number of cornified cells in the vagina uterine weight and decidual weight. Biochemical parameters histopathology of the uterus and in vitro uterotonic activity were also assessed.Results Analysis of the effect of EyGS on vaginal cornification and deciduoma formation demonstrated vaginal opening without cornified cells decrease in uterine weight proliferation of uterus and reduction in deciduoma formation. EyGS produced decrease in the estrogen and progesterone levels and 80 contractions of the uterus compared to oxytocin.Conclusion The results indicate that the ethanolic extract of Gloriosa superba Linn had antiestrogenic and antiprogestogenic potential in OVX rats based on the physical histological and biochemical analyses. EyGS showed uterotonic activity in vitro and proves the folklore use of Gloriosa superba Linn.Keywords Gloriosa superba uterotrophic assay estrogenic vaginal cornification