MetS Group Research Articles

Effects of quercetin on adipokine profile in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a health condition characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study aimed to assess the effects of quercetin, a natural flavonoid on MetS induced by fructose in Sprague Dawley rats. Materials and methods: The rats, aged 8-10 weeks, were divided into 4 groups: control (C) group, metabolic syndrome (MetS) group, control+quercetin (C+Q) group, and metabolic syndrome+quercetin (MetS+Q) group. The MetS groups received a 20% fructose solution in drinking water for a duration of 10 weeks. For the last 4 weeks of the study, rats in the Q groups were administered 50 mg/kg/body weight quercetin. After 10 weeks, serum samples were tested using ELISA for Triglycerides (TG), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), fasting insulin, resistin, (Interleukin 6) IL6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and, adiponectin (ADP). The body weights, Lee index and HOMA-IR scores were also measured. Results: Fructose-fed rats showed significant increases in body weight, Lee index, HOMA-IR scores and, fasting insulin with significant decrease in HDL compared to controls. In MetS group, ADP levels were significantly lower compared to control group. In MetS+Q group, there was a tendency for reduced levels of resistin, IL-6, and leptin compared to the untreated MetS group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that quercetin may be beneficial in managing MetS, though further research is needed to explore its mechanisms and effectiveness.

Does the Combination of Metabolic Syndrome and Low Fat-Free Mass Shorten an Individual's Disability-Free Life? A 12-Year Prospective Cohort Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

This study aims to explore the combined risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and low fat-free mass (FFM) on an individual's disability-free survival (DFS). Disability is defined as a composite of dementia, physical disability, and mortality. Using data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, we divided 3721 participants aged 40-69 years based on their MetS status and FFM index (FFMI) score. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression were used to analyze differences in DFS between the four groups. From 108 events, MetS group had significantly shorter DFS than the non-MetS group regardless of FFMI (p<0.0001). After adjusting other potential confounding variables, the MetS group had a higher risk of shortened DFS regardless of FFMI, and the MetS group with low FFMI had a 2.06-fold increased risk compared to the non-MetS group with high FFMI (p<0.001). Older age and lower income were also associated with higher risk of shorter DFS (p<0.001). The combination of MetS and low FFMI contribute to a cumulative risk of shortened DFS. Community nurses can perform MetS screening and body composition assessment to predict and control the risk of developing disability over time.

Assessing coronary artery stenosis exacerbated impact on left ventricular function and deformation in metabolic syndrome patients by 3.0 T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) and coronary artery stenosis (CAS) independently increase the risk of cardiovascular events, while the impact of CAS on left ventricular (LV) function and deformation in MetS patients remains unclear. This study investigates how varying degrees of CAS exacerbate LV function and myocardial deformation in MetS patients.MethodsOne hundred thirty-one MetS patients who underwent CMR examinations were divided into two groups: the MetS(CAS−) group (n = 47) and the MetS(CAS+) group (n = 84). The MetS(CAS+) group was divided into MetS with non-obstructive CAS(NOCAS+) (n = 30) and MetS with obstructive CAS(OCAS+) group (n = 54). Additionally, 48 age- and sex-matched subjects were included as a control group. LV functional and deformation parameters were measured and compared among subgroups. The determinants of decreased LV global peak strains in all MetS patients were identified using linear regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression model (LRM) evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the degree of CAS for identifying impaired LV strain.ResultsCompared to MetS(CAS−), MetS(NOCAS+) showed a significantly increased LV mass index (p < 0.05). Global longitudinal peak strain was decreased gradually from MetS(CAS−) through MetS(NOCAS+) to MetS(OCAS+) (− 13.02 ± 2.32% vs. − 10.34 ± 4.05% vs. − 7.55 ± 4.48%, p < 0.05). MetS(OCAS+) groups showed significantly decreased LV global peak strain (GPS), PSSR and PDSR in radial and circumferential directions compared with MetS(NOCAS+) (all p < 0.05). The degree of CAS was independently associated with impaired global radial peak strain (GRPS) (β = − 0.289, p < 0.001) and global longitudinal peak strain (GLPS) (β = 0.254, p = 0.004) in MetS patients. The ROC analysis showed that the degree of CAS can predict impaired GRPS (AUC = 0.730) and impaired GLPS (AUC = 0.685).ConclusionBesides traditional biochemical indicators, incorporating CAS assessment and CMR assessment of the LV into routine evaluations ensures a more holistic approach to managing MetS patients. Timely intervention of CAS is crucial for improving cardiovascular outcomes in this high-risk population.

Sarcopenia risk in U.S. younger adults: the impact of physical activity intensity and occupational engagement—insights from a cross-sectional NHANES study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the associations between physical activity (PA) intensity, occupational PA engagement, and sarcopenia in younger adults.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (from 2011 to 2018) were used for the study. PA data were extracted for the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the ratio of limb muscle mass (ALM) to body mass index (BMI) was used to determine sarcopenia. Multiple logistic regression was performed, and dose-response curves were drawn to evaluate the associations.ResultsOf the 8802 adults aged 20 to 59 years, 770 (8.7%) were identified as having sarcopenia. Compared to those in the reference group, the participants in the “low”, “moderate”, and “high” total METs groups had lower risks of sarcopenia (low: OR = 0.730, 95% CI = 0.583; 0.915; moderate: OR = 0.643, 95% CI = 0.485; 0.853; high: OR = 0.560, 95% CI = 0.457; 0.687). The risk of sarcopenia decreased in the high-intensity recreational PA group; however, such a significant association was observed only in the high-intensity occupational PA group. The relationship between total METs and sarcopenia showed a nonlinear U-shaped trend.ConclusionsA greater intensity of PA is associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia among younger adults, regardless of whether moderate or vigorous PA is performed. Moreover, recreational PA may particularly advantageously contrast with occupational PA in lowering the risk of sarcopenia.

Microencapsulated Pomegranate Juice Reduces Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) Criteria in Wistar Rats with MetS Induced with 30% Sucrose

Pomegranate juice possesses therapeutic properties against metabolic syndrome. Microencapsulation of pomegranate juice (MPJ) may extend its shelf life; however, further research is necessary to ascertain its comparative efficacy with fresh juice. This work evaluated the effect of MPJ in an animal model with induced metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS was induced in Male Wistar rats by administering 30% sucrose orally for 22 weeks. Once MetS was verified in the animals, seven groups were formed as follows: control (Ctrl); MetS; MetS + Placebo; Ctrl + MPJ; MetS + MPJ1 600; MetS + MPJ2 1800; and MetS + MPJ3 2900 mg/kg. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, and total HDL-c levels in the MetS + MPJ groups improved significantly (p &lt; 0.05) vs. the MetS group at the end of the study. Microencapsulation maintained the anti-metabolic-syndrome properties of pomegranate juice and could be used to control metabolic syndrome.

The possible protective effect of luteolin on cardiovascular and hepatic changes in metabolic syndrome rat model.

The metabolic syndrome, or MetS, is currently a global health concern. The anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and antioxidant properties of luteolin are some of its advantageous pharmacological characteristics. This research was designed to establish a MetS rat model and investigate the possible protective effect of luteolin on cardiovascular, hepatic, and metabolic changes in diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Forty adult male albino rats were split into four groups: a negative control group, a group treated with luteolin, a group induced MetS (fed 20% fructose), and a group treated with luteolin (fed 20% fructose and given luteolin). Following the experiment after 8weeks, biochemical, histological (light and electron), and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed on liver and heart tissues. Serum levels of cTnI, CK-MB, and LDH were significantly elevated in response to the cardiovascular effect of MetS. Furthermore, compared to the negative control group, the MetS group showed a marked increase in lipid peroxidation in the cardiac and hepatic tissues, as evidenced by elevated levels of MDA and a decline in the antioxidant defense system, as demonstrated by lower activities of GSH and SOD. The fatty liver-induced group exhibited histological alterations, including disrupted hepatic architecture, dilated and congested central veins, blood sinusoids, and portal veins. In addition to nuclear structural alterations, most hepatocytes displayed varying degrees of cytoplasmic vacuolation, mitochondrial alterations, and endoplasmic reticulum dilatation. These alterations were linked to inflammatory cellular infiltrations, collagen fiber deposition, active hepatic stellate cells, and scattered hypertrophied Kupffer cells, as demonstrated by electron microscopy and validated by immunohistochemical analysis. It is interesting to note that eosinophils were seen between the liver cells and in dilated blood sinusoids. Moreover, the biochemical (hepatic and cardiac) and histological (liver) changes were significantly less severe in luteolin-treated raton a high-fructose diet.These results suggested that luteolin protects against a type of metabolic syndrome that is produced experimentally.

Metabolic syndrome promotes resistance to aspirin in mitigating bone loss in murine periodontal disease

AimsThis study aimed to investigate the protective effects of aspirin (ASA) on alveolar bone loss in a mouse model with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and concurrent periodontal disease (PD). Specifically, the study sought to determine whether ASA could mitigate bone loss in MetS and non-MetS animals with PD and explore the correlation between gingival nitric oxide (NO) levels and bone resorption. Main methodsNewborn female Swiss mice were administered monosodium glutamate (MSG) (4 mg/g) during the initial 5 days of life to induce MetS (MetS group), while the control group (SAL) was administered saline. On the 60th day, PD was induced in both groups. Half of the animals were treated daily with ASA (40 mg/kg). MetS was characterized by the Lee index, blood glucose, and cardiovascular parameters. Maxillae were evaluated by microtomography and histopathology, showing significant bone loss after PD induction. Key findingsAnimals with MetS exhibited higher alveolar bone loss than controls. SAL animals treated with ASA had less bone loss than their MetS counterparts. Gingival NO levels were elevated in animals with PD, and a strong correlation was found between NO levels and bone resorption. ASA reduced NO in non-MetS animals, but MetS animals were resistant to this effect. SignificanceThese findings suggest a protective mechanism of ASA against bone loss in non-MetS animals with PD, an effect that was not observed in MetS animals. Consequently, this study provides novel insights into the intricate relationship between MetS and PD in mice.

Impact of Dietary Patterns and Serum Amino Acid Profile on Metabolic Syndrome Development in Mexican Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the main endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age worldwide. This condition is often associated with various metabolic alterations that contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recent research suggests that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) dysregulation is observed in PCOS. This study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns, body composition, metabolic analytes, and serum amino acid levels in Mexican women with PCOS. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, we found that both study groups, PCOS (n = 24) and PCOS + MetS (n = 21), exhibited increased relative fat mass and dietary habits characterized by high simple sugar intake and low protein consumption, correlating with levels of relative fat mass and leptin. Notably, serum concentrations of BCAAs and glutamic acid were significantly elevated in the PCOS + MetS group. Our findings suggest that a metabolic approach may enhance the prediction and management of MetS in women with PCOS, highlighting the importance of dietary interventions in this population.

Increased serum leptin levels are associated with metabolic syndrome and semen parameters in patients with infertility.

This study aims to ascertain the associations between serum leptin levels and metabolic syndrome and semen parameters in patients with infertility. A total of 200 patients who were diagnosed as primary infertility in our hospital were enrolled in this study, and they were divided into MetS group and non-MetS group. About 30 healthy men were enrolled as the control group. The general information, blood lipids, reproductive hormones and semen parameters were collected. We used the Student t test, the Chi-square test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the spearman correlation analysis to analyze their relationships. BMI, glucose, TG, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and leptin were significantly higher in MetS infertile patients (P < .001; P < .005; P < .001; P < .001; and P < .001, respectively). While T and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were significantly lower in MetS infertile patients (P < .01, and P < .001, respectively). Leptin was correlated with sperm progressive motility (R = -0.312, P < .01), and normal morphology (R = -0.458, P < .001). Moreover, sperm concentration was correlated with FSH (R = -0.268, P < .001) and inhibin B (R = 0.401, P < .001), and normal morphology was correlated with HDL (R = 0.233, P < .001) and TG (R = -0.182, P < .01). In primary infertile patients, sperm normal morphology were found to be depressed and related to MetS. Leptin was increased in patients diagnosed with MetS and associated with semen parameters.

Periodontitis Provokes Retinal Neurodegenerative Effects of Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the retino-choroidal degenerative effects of periodontitis, metabolic syndrome (Mets), and the combination of these diseases using optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. Ninety-two patients selected according to inclusion criteria were divided into four groups: systemically and periodontally healthy (control), systemically healthy periodontitis (PD), periodontally healthy metabolic syndrome (MetS), and periodontitis and metabolic syndrome combined (PD-MetS). The systemic inflammatory-oxidative effects of periodontitis and MetS were biochemically evaluated using the serum TNF-α level, IL-1β/IL-10 ratio, and oxidative stress index (OSI: TOS/TAS). Retinal (AMT, pRNFLT, and GCL + T) and choroidal (SFCT) morphometric measurements and vascular evaluations (foveal capillary density) were performed via OCT Angio with swept-source technology. Both periodontitis and Mets cause systemic inflammatory stress characterized by significant increases in the IL-1β/IL-10 ratio and OSI (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the AMT was significantly thinner in the MetS group, the pRNFLT was significantly thinner in the PD-MetS group, and the SFCT was significantly thinner in both groups (p < 0.05). The GCL+ was slightly thicker in the Mets groups. (p > 0.05) Foveal capillary density did not differ significantly among the groups. (p > 0.05). Periodontitis-related inflammatory stress alone causes changes in retinal and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses that are not statistically significant. On the other hand, when combined with Mets, it may significantly provoke the retinal neurodegenerative effects of this disease.

Impact of metabolic abnormalities on the association between normal-range urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and cardiovascular mortality: evidence from the NHANES 1999–2018

BackgroundThe urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, even when within the normal range. However, the potential modification of this effect by metabolic abnormalities remains unclear. This study explored whether metabolic abnormalities modify the association between normal-range UACR and cardiovascular mortality.MethodsThis cohort study included 27,298 U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018, with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2019. Normal UACR (< 30 mg/g) was considered. Metabolic abnormalities were categorized into three groups based on the number of metabolic abnormality components: metabolic health (0 components), pre-metabolic syndrome (Pre-MetS, 1–2 components), and metabolic syndrome (MetS, 3–5 components). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the association between normal UACR and cardiovascular mortality, stratified by metabolic abnormality groups.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 9.67 years, 764 cardiovascular deaths occurred. In the fully adjusted model, higher normal UACR was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death in metabolically abnormal individuals, but not in metabolically healthy individuals. When UACR was divided into tertiles, the highest tertile was associated with a 60% and 79% higher risk of cardiovascular mortality in the Pre-MetS and MetS groups, respectively, compared with the lowest tertile (Pre-MetS: HR, 1.60 [95% CI: 1.19–2.15]; MetS: HR, 1.79 [95% CI: 1.34–2.41]).ConclusionA higher normal UACR was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death in metabolically abnormal individuals, underscoring the need for early renal risk management in this population.

The Role of Lp-PLA2 as a Mediator Between Serum Magnesium and Zinc Levels and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of conditions that includes abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, high triglycerides, hypertension, and impaired glucose metabolism, all of which are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Of the biomarkers above, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) has been highlighted as a critical link between inflammation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which strongly predicts cardiovascular events. Micronutrients like magnesium and zinc are essential in maintaining metabolic and cardiovascular health, but these micronutrient deficiencies occur frequently among individuals with MetS. This study aimed to consider the association between serum magnesium and zinc levels with Lp-PLA2 and how these associations could link pathways in cardiovascular risk among MetS patients. This was a comparative cross-sectional study of 100 cases diagnosed as MetS and compared with an equal number (n = 100) of age and matched healthy control. Blood magnesium, zinc, and Lp-PLA2 levels were determined by colorimetric assay. We also tested the association of Lp-PLA2 with levels of micronutrients, and we evaluated whether Lp-PLA2 was a mediator in the pathway between MetS and cardiovascular risk. The data were analyzed on IBM Corp. Released 2021. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp; the results will be considered statistically significant if p < 0.05. The serum magnesium and zinc concentrations in patients with MetS were significantly lower than in the controls (p < 0.001). The Lp-PLA2 level was much higher in the MetS group than the no-MetS, and it correlated inversely with serum Mg (r = -0.35, p < 0.001) or Zn levels (r = -0.42, p < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, the mediating effect of Lp-PLA2 in the pathway from micronutrient deficiency to cardiovascular risk was maintained, whereby high levels were associated with increased atherogenic index and oxidative stress markers. These results show that Lp-PLA2 is an intermediate step in the relationship between low levels of some micronutrients and cardiovascular risk among MetS patients. Our findings indicate that a sufficient magnesium and zinc status might offer cardiovascular protection through lessening Lp-PLA2 activity. These observations demonstrate the potential benefits of high-risk enrichment and dietary intervention for detecting and controlling micronutrient deficiencies in MetS subjects to impede further cardiovascular diseases.

Unveiling Lipidomic Alterations in Metabolic Syndrome: A Study of Plasma, Liver, and Adipose Tissues in a Dietary-Induced Rat Model

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition characterized by fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose control and hypertension. In this study, rats were fed a high-fat high-fructose (HFF) diet in order to develop MetS. After ten weeks, the dietary-induced MetS was confirmed by higher body fat percentage, lower HDL-cholesterol and increased blood pressure in the HFF-fed rats compared to the normal-fed control animals. However, the effect of MetS development on the lipidomic signature of the dietary-challenged rats remains to be investigated. To reveal the contribution of specific lipids to the development of MetS, the lipid profiling of rat tissues particularly susceptible to MetS was performed using untargeted UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS lipidomic analysis. A total of 37 lipid species (mainly phospholipids, triglycerides, sphingolipids, cholesterol esters, and diglycerides) in plasma, 43 lipid species in liver, and 11 lipid species in adipose tissue were identified as dysregulated between the control and MetS groups. Changes in the lipid signature of selected tissues additionally revealed systemic changes in the dietary-induced rat model of MetS.

Metabolic syndrome is linked to most cancers incidence.

Since many people die of either cancers or cardiovascular diseases worldwide, it is important to find the clinical pitfall that provokes cardiovascular diseases and cancer overall. Since metabolic syndrome (MetS) is largely linked to cardiovascular diseases, we have come to consider that MetS, even in its early state, may prime the occurrence of cancers overall. Indeed, the importance of MetS in causing pancreatic cancer has been proved using our large medical database. We analyzed Japanese healthcare and clinical data in 2005, who were followed up until 2020 and we examined the incidence of major cancers. At the enrollment, we examined the presence or absence of MetS judged by either Japanese criteria or NCEP/ATPIII. Of 2.7 million subjects without missing data, 102,930; 200,231; 237,420; 63,435; 76,172; and 2,422 subjects suffered lung, stomach, colon, liver and prostate cancer, respectively, and myelogenous leukemia during follow-up. MetS, defined by Japanese criteria, increased (p < 0.005 each) the incidence of cancer with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.03-1.47 for lung, stomach, colon, liver, prostate cancers, and myelogenous leukemia. According to Japanese criteria, cancer incidence in the pre-stage MetS group was comparable to the MetS group. The results were almost identical when we defined MetS using NCEP ATP III. Taken together, we conclude that MetS is linked to majority of cancers.

7244 Kidney Donors With Metabolic Syndrome Have Increased Risk For Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract Disclosure: C.D. Martínez-Franco: None. F.J. Gomez-Perez: None. M. Vilatobá: None. R. Flores-Cárdenas: None. D. Cuevas-Ramos: None. Kidney Donors with Metabolic Syndrome Have Increased Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a prevalence of 56% in Mexico, been a common cause of progressive deterioration of renal function. Renal donors usually have good health at the time of donation, but some cases already present MetS or develop it over time. Objective: to evaluate the risk of MetS on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in kidney donors. Methods: we performed a comparative, longitudinal, observational and prolective study at a tertiary care hospital from 1980 to 2023. MetS was defined with ATPIII criteria. Renal function was assessed with the CKD-EPI formula to obtain the eGFR prior to the date of transplantation and at last follow-up. Student's t test, chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the independent risk of MetS on renal function. Results: A cohort of 406 patients was collected, 283 cases (58% women), where 96 (34%) showed MetS criteria, and 187 (66%) without them used as control. There was no significant baseline difference on CrCl before donation between control group (97±19 ml/min) vs. MetS group (95±17 ml/min, p=0.45). The median follow-up was 25 (20.2-29.7) years. To assess the outcome of CrCl &amp;lt;60 mL/min, 4 groups were analyzed according to their MetS status at baseline - last follow-up. The fastest decreased on CrCl was seen at group 3 (No MetS - With MetS) after 17 (95%CI 14-19) years of follow-up, then group 4 (MetS - MetS) after 19 (3-34) years, followed by group 2 (With MetS - No MetS) with 23 (10-35) years, and finally group 1 (No MetS - No MetS), after 27 (23.7-30.5) years (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Group 1 was taken as reference to calculate CKD risk between groups. MetS showed a statistically significant risk as an independent determinant for CKD at follow-up with a HR=1.6 (0.7-3.3, p=0.21), HR=2.9 (1.2-7.0, p=0.01) and HR=2.2 (1.1-4.4, p=0.02) for group 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Conclusions: Having or developing MetS on kidney donors caused significantly higher risk of presenting CKD at last follow-up. Clinicians should be aware of such risk to implement strategies for prevention and treatment of MetS, with close and chronic surveillance of such patients. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Metabolic syndrome and patient-reported outcome two years after hip and knee arthroplasty.

The influence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the outcome after hip and knee arthroplasty is debated. We aimed to investigate the change in patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) scores after hip and knee arthroplasty, comparing patients with and without MetS. From 1 May 2017 to 30 November 2019, a prospective cohort of 2,586 patients undergoing elective unilateral hip and knee arthroplasty was established in Denmark. Data from national registries and a local database were used to determine the presence of MetS. Patients' scores on Oxford Hip Score (OHS) or Oxford Knee Score (OKS), EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity Scale, and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) at baseline, three, 12, and 24 months after surgery were collected. Primary outcome was the difference between groups from baseline to 12 months in OHS and OKS. Secondary outcomes were scores of OHS and OKS at three and 24 months and EQ-5D-5L, UCLA Activity Scale, and FJS at three, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Generalized linear mixed model was applied, adjusting for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and smoking to present marginal mean and associated 95% CIs. A total of 62.3% (1,611/2,586) of the cohort met the criteria for MetS. Both groups showed similar increase in mean OHS (MetS group 22.5 (95% CI 21.8 to 23.1), non-MetS group 22.1 (21.3 to 22.8); p = 0.477) and mean OKS (MetS group 18.0 (17.4 to 18.6), non-MetS group 17.8 (17.0 to 18.7); p = 0.722) at 12 months' follow-up. Between groups, similar improvements were seen for OHS and OKS at three and 24 months postoperatively and for the mean EQ-5D-5L, EuroQol-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), UCLA Activity Scale, and FJS at every timepoint. Patients meeting the criteria for MetS obtain the same improvement in PROM scores as individuals without MetS up to 24 months after hip and knee arthroplasty. This is important for the clinician to take into account when assessing and advising patients with MetS.

Increased miscarriage rate is associated with at least four components of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryo transfer cycle.

This study aimed to investigate the association between the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing their first in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryo transfer cycle. This is a retrospective study that included 720 women with PCOS from January 2018 to December 2021. Anthropometric, biochemical, and reproductive data of the study subjects were collected from electronic medical record. Women with PCOS met <3, 3, and >3 criteria of MetS were classified in group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The miscarriage rate in women with MetS was significantly higher than that in non-MetS group (23.2% vs. 14.2%, p = 0.03). There was a significant increasing trend in miscarriage rate from group 1 to group 3 (p for trend <0.05). The miscarriage rate in group 3 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (29.3% vs. 14.2%, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that women with at least four components of MetS (group 3) were independently associated with a high risk of miscarriage, with the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for group 2 and 3 versus group 1 were 1.38 (0.67-2.82) and 2.46 (1.06-5.74), respectively (p for trend = 0.04). PCOS women accompanied with at least four diagnostic criteria of MetS is independently associated with increased miscarriage rate when undergoing their first IVF or ICSI cycle.

Supplementation with cysteine improved metabolic syndrome in rats by increasing antioxidant potential in the liver and adipose tissue, as well as decreasing hepatic NF-κB expression

Insulin resistance is a key characteristic of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The hepatic nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. Our study aimed to examine the impact of cysteine (Cys) on various biochemical and histopathological parameters in the liver and kidney, hepatic NF-kβ expression, oxidative stress, inflammation, glycation, carbonyl stress markers, and insulin resistance. The study involved four groups of rats, each consisting of seven rats: a control group, a MetS group, and two similar groups receiving Cys treatment. Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats by administering a 40% sucrose solution, while, the treated groups received 50 mg/L Cys in their drinking water. Various factors, including body weight, hepatic NF-kβ expression, levels of antioxidants, anti-glycation, oxidative stress, carbonyl stress, inflammatory, anti-glycation, and glycation markers were assessed in blood and tissues. Liver and kidney function parameters and metabolic profiles were measured. Finally, liver tissue was also evaluated by a pathologist. The results showed that Cys reduced hepatic NF-kβ expression, oxidative stress, inflammation, glycation and carbonyl stress markers, as well as liver fatty content, blood sugar levels, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk index, and body weight. The treatment also mitigated histopathological liver changes and acute hepatitis (p < 0.001). Cysteine exhibited anti-obesity and anti-atherosclerotic effects, improved β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, and enhanced liver and kidney function, as well as prevented acute hepatitis by restoring the GSH/GSSG ratio, hepatic NF-kβ signaling, and carbonyl stress.

Occurrence of metabolic syndrome in midlife in relation to cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality—lessons from a population-based matched cohort study with 27 years follow-up

ObjectivesWe examined how asymptomatic metabolic syndrome (MetS) in midlife affects cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and all-cause mortality later in life and studied difference in time to event and from the individual...

Progressive Impairment of Cardiac Autonomic Regulation as the Number of Metabolic Syndrome Components Increases.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Compelling evidence supports the key role of dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system in that association, as well as mutual correlation among the components of MetS. The autonomic nervous system index (ANSI) is a percentile-ranked unitary proxy of cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) that is designed to be free of age and sex bias, with higher values indicating better autonomic control. This study investigates CAR using the ANSI in patients with MetS. A total of 133 patients referred to the Exercise Medicine Clinic of Istituto Auxologico Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) underwent CAR assessment using the ANSI and answered lifestyle questions in ad hoc questionnaires. The participants were retrospectively subdivided into two groups according to the presence or absence of MetS criteria. Of the subjects, 58 were diagnosed with MetS, and 75 were not (no MetS). The ANSI was significantly impaired (32.9 vs. 44.8, P<0.01) in the MetS group, and ANSI scores showed a decreasing trend (P=0.004) as the number of MetS components increased. No significant lifestyle differences were found between the groups. The ANSI was significantly reduced in subjects with MetS, and, net of age and sex effects, CAR impairment became progressively more apparent as the number of MetS components increased.