Metro Ethernet Networks Research Articles

Analisis Penggunaan Metode XConnect Main and Backup Link Berbasis VPN MPLS Layer 2 pada Jaringan Metro-Ethernet

The rapid development of information and communication technology requires excellent scalability, which is crucial for network performance availability. MPLS is a technology that can be used for communication in high-speed backbone networks based on virtual private networks (VPN). MPLS provides solutions to various current computer network problems such as speed, scalability, quality of service (QoS), and network traffic management. This research aims to optimize the scalability of MPLS Layer 2 VPN-based network traffic by applying the xconnect main and backup method implemented in metro Ethernet networks. The network simulation implementation was created using the Emulated Virtual Environment – Next Generation (EVE-NG) application to obtain data on convergence time and QoS parameters according to TIPHON standards, as well as the use of MPLS and Route Reflector to enhance MPLS backbone performance. This research shows that both main and backup MPLS L2VPN paths have good index values in packet delivery according to TIPHON standards, with an average rating of 3.0. Thus, this research can help optimize path scalability to improve the quality of MPLS L2VPN network traffic.

SIMULASI JARINGAN METRO ETHERNET DENGAN APLIKASI CIS-CO PACKET TRACER VERSI 6.2.0

Metro ethernet is an ethernet-based high-capacity data network solution service that provides flexibility, simplicity and quality of service (qos) to business customers of internet service providers (isp) and other licensed service providers (olo). Ethernet has speeds of up to 10 gbps and with distances of tens or even hundreds of kilometers. The method used in writing this journal is to use the literature review method, namely the method used is the result of an analysis of various previously published scientific article information. Utilization of metro ethernet in its benefits, namely managing risk intelligently, in its management functioning and running independently, namely utilization for each operational, functional and administrative. Reliability, in operation metro ethernet will detect and track discovery to report that it is in a connection failure situation in its performance measurement. Flexibility, support for various services and transportation. Cost-efficiency, simple and highly maintainable metro ethernet network scalability, supports speeds up to 10 gbps. This research was made to find out more about the uses of the metro ethernet network and the configuration on metro ethernet.

Implementation of Link Failover on Metronet Network PT. Telkom Indonesia (Persero) Based on Ipv4 and OSPF

Metro ethernet is a data communication network owned by PT. Telkom Indonesia (Persero) through distribution channels, one of which is Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). As technology develops, IPv4 is used as the core addressing protocol for every communicating network device and has the responsibility of finding the route taken by packets to reach their destination. The problem that occurs in the data communication network is the absence of stable connectivity when there are links between cities experiencing downtime, resulting in several link congestion on the data packet path. To overcome the above problems, this study analyzed IPv4-based metro ethernet networks through the OSPF routing protocol using Graphical Network Simulator-3 (GNS-3). This study implements a failover system as a backup link in the event of a Jakarta-Bogor downlink. Based on the simulation and test results, the failover link shows a success status and functions to minimize network connection breakdowns. This is because the use of OSPF routing isOSPF routing canen the main link is down, so the path will be diverted via the backup link. QoS measurements using a single link obtained an average throughput of 195 Kbps, while dual links obtained an average throughput of 258 Kbps. This is because the distance from the source to the destination router is passed by more single links than dual links. Overall, the measurement shows that having a backup link can increase the stability of the data communication network connection when it is down and tested according to ETSI standards

Pemantauan Router CPE pada Jaringan Metro Ethernet Menggunakan Zabbix Berbasis Raspberry Pi

The development of information and communication technology, especially in this digital era, demands communication takes place quickly and the management of network connectivity efficiently and effectively. In line with this, PT Indonesia Comnets Plus have built the Metro Ethernet network which is an ethernet network technology implemented in a metropolitan area (big cities). The company provides an internet network due to providing the best quality network is compulsory. Hence, we need a Metro Ethernet network monitoring system with the aim of being able to know the performance and problems efficiently and in real time. One of the open source based applications used for network monitoring is Zabbix. This study aims to create and test the performance of Raspberry Pi in the Metro Ethernet network monitoring system at PT Indonesia Comnets Plus with the case study of DISKOMINFO in Garut Regency using the Zabbix application. In monitoring, the SNMP (Simple Network Monitoring Protocol) protocol is needed which will send network problems in the form of triggers. Trigger will evaluate the data collected and represent the current state of the system. Trigger contains two statuses, "OK" and "PROBLEM", to determine the threshold for what is "acceptable" data. Therefore, if the incoming data exceeds an acceptable state, the trigger status changes to "PROBLEM", the trigger status is recalculated every time the Zabbix server receives a new value. Zabbix server will send trigger status to electronic mail (e-mail) and Telegram application as notification for network administrators.

Optimizing Bandwidth Allocation in GPON as a Backhaul to Fulfill 5G Latency Requirement

To achieve full deployment of 5G services, a backhaul network solution is required to connect the central office to the BTS (Base Station). Some of the current alternatives used for backhaul solutions implement Wireless technology (Radio IP) and wire-line (copper and fiber). The use of fiber network can be used with Metro Ethernet or GPON network approach. The focus of GPON is based on the problems encountered when the requirement of latency is fixed at below 5 ms. Based on the findings of this research, in order to meet the 5G latency requirement of 5ms, the most suitable capacity allocation is 70% with average latency combined of upstream and downlink is 2.8ms. Furthermore, the average optimum bandwidth capacity is 72.10 % and 72.59 % for GPON and XGSPON respectively

Simulasi Sistem Monitoring Link Metro Ethernet (ME) di PT Indosat Ooredoo Medan dengan Metode Doppler

Current technological developments have been so rapid, monitoring computer networks has become a very necessary thing. Computer network connection is a fundamental thing in a computer network that cannot be used. Likewise for the Metro Ethenet network work, If a parameter is problematic then the quality of the network will be reduced and Frequently occurs the duration of Metro ethernet monitoring and access to the report report ME becomes disrupted. This Final Project I will discuss how the Metro Ethernet Link Monitoring Simulation System in PT Indosat Ooredoo with the doppler method to determine the status of the Link on Metro Ethernet uses tree topology because it only simulates 3 Metro Ethernet and also discusses Metro Ethernet performance, which analyzes simulation applications, and Metro Ethernet Link status. Metro Ethernet is one of the technological solutions for High End Market (HEM) in providing integrated solutions for voice, data and video services. Metro Ethernet network has characteristics. Based on the above problems, a system for Metro Ethernet Link monitoring simulation is needed at Indosat Ooredoo to get better results than the previous system.

Mitigating Broadcast Storm on Metro Ethernet Network Using PVST+

Broadcast storm attack on the layer 2 networks included looping and duplicate packets that are transmitted continuously in order to prevent the service of the network, thus, it is the type of attack that is against availability. In this research, a Spanning Tree Protocol method, namely PVST+ (Per VLAN Spanning Tree Plus), is used to overcome the problem caused by the broadcast storm attack on Metro Ethernet Network. The PVST+ serves as a redundant network management and it prevented looping on the network. The result obtained from this research is PVST+ is able to mitigate broadcast strom that is shown by the decrease of number of packets and the decrease of the average packet per-second. The average packets per-second on VLAN 1 decrease to 274,041 and the average packets on VLAN 10 decrease to 267,794 packets per-second.

On the rate-jitter performance of jitter-buffer in TDMoPSN: study using queueing models with a state-dependent service

Time-division multiplexing over packet-switched network (TDMoPSN) is an intermediate phase of transition from current synchronous TDM to future all-optical converged network. TDMoPSN is exclusively used to transport interactive voice traffic transparently over a PSN (e.g., IP, MPLS or Ethernet). The goal of this paper is to reduce rate-jitter that is introduced into a stream of packets carrying TDM payload. We have proposed two online algorithms, algorithm-A and algorithm-B, to reduce the rate-jitter and shown analytically that the rate-jitter achieved by algorithm-A is strictly less than the rate-jitter of online algorithm proposed by Mansour et al. [1]. We have used three stochastic processes, namely Poisson, Markov-modulated Poisson process (MMPP) and an arrival process with Pareto-distributed inter-arrival times (see [2---4]) for modeling the arrival of TDM packets (say, IP packets with single or many TDM frames as payloads) at the destination. We undertook statistical analysis of the proposed algorithms by modeling the jitter-buffer as $$M/\widetilde{D}/1/\, B_{on}$$M/D~/1/Bon and $$MMPP/\widetilde{D}/1/B_{on}$$MMPP/D~/1/Bon queues, to derive steady-state queue-length distribution, mean waiting time and distribution of inter-departure times. We also simulate the most realistic queueing model $$Pareto/\widetilde{D}/1/B_{on}$$Pareto/D~/1/Bon of our study and evaluated its performance with respect to the metrics: rate-jitter, mean waiting time, packet loss probability and steady-state queue-length distribution. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithms far outperforms the scheme proposed in [1]. We also present simulation results to verify the correctness of analytical queueing models. The algorithms proposed here are more general (for TDMoPSNs) and can be used to study TDMoIP, pseudowire, CES over metro Ethernet network (MEN), etc.

Tele-Protection Implementation Using IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol in Colombian High Power Substations

Optical fiber has been used as typical physical transmission medium in Colombian high power substations for effective communication between substations and control centers. However, suita- ble transmissions of tele-protection services continues to be a challenging area in the electrical- supply sector since link stability as well as various performance tests suggest that link recurrence requirements still exhibit limitations when using Metroethernet networks in this context. At pre- sent, improvements have been achieved via proprietary protocols such as Mirrored Bits, which matches the performance of a tele-protection link transmission under normal operation conditions. However, this imposes commercial limitations on the Colombian electrical-supply sector since proprietary protocols hinder fair competition among manufacturers. This is the rationale behind conducting trials with precision time protocol as it is defined in IEEE 1588 standard. The main purpose is to validate whether, under real operation conditions, it is possible to substitute such tele-protection links via Metroethernet networks, yet considering a standard protocol that allows incorporating various pieces of equipment from different manufacturers into the system as well as providing common benefits derived from using this type of communication networks. The present work provides technical results obtained after conducting various simulated tele-trigger tests, including stress tests, where results-stability validation occurs through network-saturation simulations. These saturation conditions are achieved by incorporating additional traffic, which involves several switching events over link paths and permits validating tele-protection-response timing when specifically using IEEE 1588 precision time protocol. Based on the aforementioned reasons as well as on the resulting benefits, a series of laboratory tests have been defined in order to evaluate delay and availability on tele-protection services when transported over IP networks.

Local Restoration in Metro Ethernet Networks for Multiple Link Failures

Local Restoration in Metro Ethernet Networks for Multiple Link Failures

Co-spanning tree restoration mechanism for metro Ethernet switched networks

Ethernet, a popular technology in IT industry, with high transmission rate, simple maintenance, and compatibility with different types of links was invented for local and small-scale computer networks. However, current spanning tree-based Ethernet protocols do not meet the requirements for metro Ethernet networks in terms of network resilience. One of the most important weaknesses is slow re-convergence time in the event of a link failure when a new spanning tree must be reconstructed to ensure the survivability of networks. In this paper, we propose a co-spanning tree restoration (CSTR) mechanism for metro Ethernet switched networks to handle the link failures. Upon failure of a link on the network, a distributed failure restoration protocol will be activated to reconstruct the damaged spanning tree using a $$co\text {-}tree$$co-tree link. We explain the details of the protocol, including advertisement tables and fundamental reconfiguration processes. In addition, we propose a simple and effective solution for a double link failure and develop an optional feature to control unnecessary topology changes. The simulated results of CSTR on different network topologies show its features of efficiency and quick recovery.

Optimal and Efficient Design of Ring Instances in Metro Ethernet Networks

Ethernet Ring Protection (ERP) switching has emerged to provide sub-50 ms of restoration times, allowing Ethernet technologies to expand beyond enterprises to next generation metro and backbone networks, providing much needed services to interconnect for instance dispersed and high-bandwidth data centers. This paper considers the problem of efficiently designing and planning an Ethernet-based metro network with ERP protection method. While previous recent work has addressed such design problem, none has considered the capabilities of exploiting multiple ERP instances, leaving behind some advantages that network providers could tap into to provide their customers with desirable quality of service support. Resource planning in ERP-based Ethernet network is, however, a complex problem due to the challenges associated with the logical link block selection as well as ring hierarchy selection. ERP instances add, however, another dimension of combinatorial complexity, making the design problem completely intractable. To address this issue, we resort to large scale optimization tools and present a novel primal-dual decomposition of the original problem using column generation. We show that our method is very scalable and obtain several design insights on various representative network instances.

Isolated Forwarding Strategy in Metro Ethernet Networks

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is an approved standard that provides a loop-free active topology in Ethernet networks. The main idea in the STP is reducing the topology of a network to a tree topology by blocking the redundant ports. The lack of any traffic engineering mechanism for load balancing in the STP results in uneven traffic distribution and bottlenecks near the Root. This protocol causes a severe penalty on the performance of Metro Ethernet Networks, since it makes inefficient use of the links and switches. In our previous work, we proposed the Shortcut Switching Strategy (SSS) that uses some blocked ports to improve the load balancing and performance of the standard STP. In this paper, we propose a novel forwarding strategy named the Isolated Forwarding Strategy (IFS) that also uses blocked ports to forward frames but in a more sophisticated manner than SSS. In other words, the IFS is an extended version of the SSS. The IFS in comparison to the STP and SSS, decreases the average traffic load on links and switches, improves load balancing and reduces the average number of switching hops. We will show these improvements by using analytical and simulation methods.

Self-managed Networks with Fault Management Hierarchy

The monitoring of network resources and services, isolating and identifying problems when failures occur, and fixing them by sending technicians to the sites most of the time or downloading certain configuration files remotely to fix configuration related problems are common in the telecommunications industry. This is costly. In order to reduce the operational cost, it is necessary for a network isolating and identifying problems by itself and fixing them, and having technicians at the failure site only when there is a single point of hardware failure. This paper introduces the concept of a self-managed network to identify network problems during failures and repair them, in addition to self-configurations of network resources and services. Self-managed Network Element (sNE) architectures and Network Management System (sNMS) architectures for centrally managed networks are described. A hierarchy among repairing entities is defined. An in-band message format for Metro Ethernet networks is proposed for the fault management communication.

OpenFlow-Based Segment Protection in Ethernet Networks

Metro and carrier-grade Ethernet networks, as well as industrial area networks and specific local area networks (LANs), have to guarantee fast resiliency upon network failure. However, the current OpenFlow architecture, originally designed for LANs, does not include effective mechanisms for fast resiliency. In this paper, the OpenFlow architecture is enhanced to support segment protection in Ethernet-based networks. Novel mechanisms have been specifically introduced to maintain working and backup flows at different priorities and to guarantee effective network resource utilization when the failed link is recovered. Emulation and experimental demonstration implementation results show that the proposed architecture avoids both the utilization of a full-state controller and the intervention of the controller upon failure, thus guaranteeing a recovery time only due to the failure detection time, i.e., a few tens of milliseconds within the considered scenario.

Upgrading the metro ethernet network

Large scale Metro Ethernet Networks are widely deployed using Provider Bridging (PB) technology. Scaling these networks is a challenging task for any network operator. Newer technologies such as Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB) and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) are available as choices to a carrier that is upgrading PB networks. In this paper we focus on technologies that are be ing deployed in Metro Ethernet Networks and discuss how to introduce them in a gradual way. We also define a method that allows in-service migration of VLAN services. Furthermore, we provide techniques that allow providers to reap the benefits that the new technologies offer from the beginning of their deployment without the need for a forklift network upgrade.

Partial spatial protection for provisioning differentiated reliability in FSTR-based Metro Ethernet networks

Fast Spanning Tree Reconnection (FSTR) is a newly proposed restoration method by us to handle link failures in Metro Ethernet networks. Compared with other methods existing in the literature, FSTR has the advantages of lower signaling overhead, faster recovery and lesser rerouted traffic. However, FSTR lacks its own mechanism to support differentiated reliability (DiR), which is required by voice and data services, as well as a variety of emerging multimedia applications such as video conferencing and online gaming. In DiR, a traffic request is guaranteed a minimum reliability/protection degree in the event of a link failure, according to clients’ requirements. Unnecessary redundant/backup network resources are thus eliminated in DiR and, as a result, the blocking probability of traffic requests decreases, compared to that in full protection where 100% reliability is guaranteed for all traffic requests.In this work, we propose to use partial spatial protection (PSP) mechanism at the spanning tree layer to provision DiR in FSTR-based Metro Ethernet networks. The basic idea of PSP to provide DiR is that a traffic request is protected using backup bandwidth against failure of only a subset of the links on its route, according to the specified reliability requirement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on the problem of PSP at the spanning tree level, a layer unique to Ethernet where traffic requests are required to be mapped onto different trees and the protection mechanisms usually involve tree restoration/reconstruction. We formulate the optimal PSP problem in FSTR-based Metro Ethernet networks as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. We develop a heuristic algorithm to reduce the computational complexity in implementing PSP. The heuristic algorithm is designed based on a known 12-approximation approach to the Knapsack problem. We describe the recovery operations of PSP in the event of a link failure. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed PSP solution can significantly reduce the blocking probability of traffic requests in an FSTR-based Metro Ethernet network, compared to full protection.

On building multiple spanning trees and VLAN assignment in metro ethernet networks

While most of today's research effort is being devoted to wireless technologies involving the tiniest and most sophisticated devices, Ethernet is evolving from a best effort, plug-and-play LAN technology, towards a carrier-grade WAN technology. Most of the new Ethernet standards rely on spanning tree protocols (STP) such as Rapid STP (RSTP) and multiple STP (MSTP). RSTP offers faster convergence than the legacy STP but like its predecessor, it uses a single tree to carry all the traffic offered to the network, seriously impacting throughput and bandwidth usage. MSTP however supports multiple spanning tree instances but does not provide generic methods to build those instances. Moreover, MSTP does not provide efficient methods to map between spanning trees and virtual LANs (VLAN). Operators must manually provision this mapping which seriously affects network operation expenditures and network performance. In this paper, we introduce a multiple spanning tree generation algorithm (MSTGA) and a VLAN-spanning tree mapping algorithm (VSTMA) aimed at helping operators leverage their networks, save bandwidth, and support service level agreements with their customers. These algorithms can be used to extend and/or work with MSTP. We show that MSTGA maximizes throughput while VSTMA minimizes bandwidth usage. We also show that combining edge-disjoint spanning trees with VSTMA constitutes the best bandwidth/throughput tradeoff. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2013

Fast spanning tree reconnection mechanism for resilient Metro Ethernet networks

The low cost, high transmission rate and ubiquity of current Ethernet lead to the possibility of bringing Ethernet into Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). However, the traditional spanning tree based Ethernet protocol does not meet the requirement for MANs in terms of network resilience, despite the advancement of Ethernet standardization and commercialization. In this paper, we propose a fast spanning tree reconnection (FSTR) mechanism for Metro Ethernet networks to handle single link failure. Upon failure of a link on a spanning tree, a distributed failure recovery protocol is activated to reconnect the broken spanning tree using a reconnect-link. We present the details of the protocol, including failure notification and forwarding table reconfiguration procedures. The pre-configuration of the reconnect-links to reconnect each spanning tree is formulated as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem. We prove that the pre-configuration problem is NP-complete. We develop an efficient algorithm based on 2-edge connectivity augmentation that can achieve close approximation to the optimal solutions. The numerical results of FSTR mechanism on different network topologies show its features of efficiency and fast recovery.

Local Restoration With Multiple Spanning Trees in Metro Ethernet Networks

Ethernet is becoming a preferred technology to be extended to metropolitan area networks (MANs) due to its low cost, simplicity, and ubiquity. However, current Ethernet lacks a fast failure recovery mechanism as it reconstructs the spanning tree after the failure is detected, which commonly requires tens of seconds. Some fast failure-handling methods based on multiple spanning trees have been proposed in the literature, but these approaches are either centralized or require periodic message broadcasting over the entire network. In this paper, we propose a local restoration mechanism for metro Ethernet using multiple spanning trees, which is distributed and fast and does not need failure notification. Upon failure of a single link, the upstream switch locally restores traffic to preconfigured backup spanning trees. We propose two restoration approaches, connection-based and destination-based, to select backup trees. We formulate the tree preconfiguration problem that includes working spanning tree assignment and backup spanning tree configuration. We prove that the preconfiguration problem is NP-complete and develop an integer linear programming model. We also develop heuristic algorithms for each restoration approach to reduce the computation complexity. To evaluate the effectiveness of our heuristic algorithms, we carry out the simulation on grid and random networks. The simulation results show that our heuristic algorithms have comparable performance close to the optimal solutions, and both restoration approaches can efficiently utilize the network bandwidth to handle single link failures.