Methyl Violet Solution Research Articles

Kinetical Study of Adsorption Active and Non Activated Carbon from Chocoa Skin in Methyl Violet Solution

Methyl violet solution has particular color and mostly used to coloring in textiles industry and traditional cloth making. The liquid wastes containing this color can be reduces or removed by several methods, one of which is by adsorption using carbon as an adsorbent. The chocoa plant is abundant in Indonesia while its fruit consists of 60.67% lignin, 36.47% selulosa and 18.90% hemiselulosa [1]. Hartono et al. [2 &3] reported cassava’s skins contain protein, cellulose and crude fiber can be used as basic material (similarly with chocoa skin) of producing active carbon. This research is to develop more on reducing methyl violet (as particular color) containing in liquid waste by adsorbent from chocoa skin with variation of reaction time between active carbon and non-activated carbon for constant particle sizes of 48 Mesh (-425/+250 mm), and also to study the kinetical reaction of chocoa skin active carbon and non-activated carbon for adsorbing methyl violet in term of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations. The result shows the kinetical adsorption of both active and non-activated carbon from chocoa skin as adsorbent follows Langmuir isotherm equation with adsorption capacity of 579.91 mg/g and 338.94 mg/g respectively.

Simulation and experimental investigation of an ultrasound system with cavitation in concentric zone

Nowadays, ultrasonic cavitation has been successfully used for the degradation of organic pollutants. However, many sonotrodes employed for wastewater treatment are excited to present a longitudinal vibration mode. Thus, the strongest cavitation generally occurs at the tip end of the sonotrodes or the inner walls of ultrasound baths, resulting in severe erosion of the vibrating metal surface caused by ultrasonic cavitation, even though the sonotrodes are made of titanium alloy. In addition, recontamination is possible due to corrosion of the sonotrode. To avoid the above issues, a novel ultrasound system composed of a cylindrical sonotrode and a Langevin-type transducer, is proposed for generating cavitation only in the concentric zone of the cylindrical sonotrode. The first-order longitudinal vibration and the radial vibration are simultaneously stimulated in the Langevin transducer and the cylindrical sonotrode, respectively, to produce the focused cavitation at the concentric zone of the sonotrode. At first, the finite element simulation is conducted to confirm the planned vibration of the ultrasound system and to compute its sound pressure. Subsequently, the prototype of the proposed ultrasound system is manufactured and assembled for vibration measurements. Finally, experimental investigations are carried out on the ultrasound system prototype. By the aluminum foil experiments, the cavitation bubbles occurred in the center of the cylindrical sonotrode. The erosion area increased with the increase of the working power and processing time. After treating the methyl violet solution by ultrasonic cavitation for 60 min, the methyl violet in the solution is reduced by 60%, which certainly will help the development of an appropriate flow system for dye degradation. • An ultrasound system for dye wastewater treatment without re-contamination is proposed, simulated, and experimental investigated. • Cavitation bubbles were only produced at the center of the ring sonotrode. • Concentration of methyl violet solution after ultrasonic treatment decreased significantly.

Exquisite manipulation of two-dimensional laminar graphene oxide (GO) membranes via layer-by-layer self-assembly method with cationic dyes as cross-linkers

Herein, we propose one novel strategy by layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method to prepare two-dimensional (2D) laminar membranes assembled between sulfonated graphene oxide (S-GO) nanosheets and various cationic dyes on the polyethyleneimine (PEI) -modified Nylon-6 (PA6) substrate. The membrane performances are manipulated exquisitely by the charge of substrate, the assembled dye type, dye size, self-assembly layer number etc. The water permeance positively correlates with the height of assembled cationic dyes. The amido bonds or sulfamide bonds and π–π conjugation endow the resulted membrane with strong performance stability. Furthermore, by precisely selecting the size and charge the assembled dye, the prepared LBL GO membranes can efficiently separate mixed dyes in aqueous solution via charge repulsion or/and size sieving mechanism. For example, the separation selectivity of 39.2 for the mixed Rhodamine B/Ethyl Violet (RB/EV) dyes can be achieved with the LBL MV-0.25-2-2 membrane (it was assembled by 2 mmol L−1 Methyl violet solution for two S-GO layers with the Nylon-6 substrate modified with 0.25 wt % PEI aqueous solution). Simultaneously, the introduced cationic dyes endow these membranes with extra antibacterial capacity to both E. coli and S. aureus.

Degradation of high-concentration simulated organic wastewater by DBD plasma.

In this study, a high-concentration simulated organic wastewater, made by dissolving methyl violet in water, was degraded using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma generated in air and O2 respectively. The decoloration rate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of wastewater were evaluated during plasma treatments with the initial concentration of methyl violet of 300 mg L-1. Results showed that the highest decoloration rate of around 100% within 10 min and the highest COD decrease of 33% within 60 min could be achieved with the O2 plasma treatment at the discharge voltage of 10 kV, while air plasma treatment showed lower efficiency in decolorizing the methyl violet solution and lower COD decrease (24%) after 60 min treatment. UV-Vis spectroscopy and chemical analysis of generated by-products during the plasma-enabled degradation process revealed that the methyl violet molecules could be completely decomposed into some refractory organics in the solution. Based on the experimental results and literature review, a pathway of methyl violet degradation attributed to energetic electrons and highly reactive species generated by DBD was proposed.

Synthesis and photocatalytic property of multilayered Co3O4

Co3O4 multilayered structures were successfully synthesized by a facile poly (ethylene glycol 20000) (PEG-20000) assisted hydrothermal technique in combination with calcination method. The final Co3O4 multilayered structures inherited perfectly the morphology of the preliminarily hydrothermal products. Experimental results obtained from the different growth stages demonstrate that the as-prepared precursor exhibit an interesting time-dependent evolution of building blocks, from urchin to multilayer. The possible formation mechanism for the hierarchical structures with various architectures is presented on account of the self-assembled growth induced by Ostwald ripening. Because of the unique structured composed of slices, the photocatalytic activity of the products was examined by measuring the photodecolourisation of methyl violet solution with ultraviolet radiation. The result shows that our products have a good photocatalytic activity.

Study on the Generation Characteristics of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasmas on Water Surface

A new contact glow discharge electrode on the surface of water was designed and employed in this study. Because of the strong field strength in the small air gap formed by the electrode and the water surface, glow discharge plasmas were generated and used to treat waste water. The electric field distribution of the designed electrode model was simulated by MAXWELL 3D® simulation software, and the discharge parameters were measured. Through a series of experiments, we investigated the impact of optimal designs, such as the dielectric of the electrode, immersion depths, and curvature radii of the electrode on the generation characteristics of plasmas. In addition, we designed an equipotential multi-electrode configuration to treat a Methyl Violet solution and observe the discoloration effect. The experimental and simulation results indicate that the designed electrodes can realize glow discharge with a relative low voltage, and the generated plasmas covered a large area and were in stable state. The efficiency of water treatment is improved and optimized with the designed electrodes.

Microwave synthesis and adsorption performance of a novel crosslinked starch microsphere

A new crosslinked starch microsphere (CSM) was synthesized in a microwave-assisted inversed emulsion system with soluble starch (ST) as a raw material, MBAA as a crosslinker, and K2S2O8–NaHSO3 as an initiator. The synthesized starch microsphere was characterized and examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy and adsorption isotherms of N2 at 77K. Adsorption performance was investigated in methyl violet solution. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity for MV was 99.3mg/g at 298K, and the adsorption fitted pseudo-second-order kinetic model well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The isothermal data obeyed the Langmuir model better compared to Freundlich model and Tempkin model, and the adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous. pH variations (2.0–10.0) did not significantly affect the adsorption of MV onto CSM.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of platinum nanoparticles and their catalytic degradation of methyl violet in aqueous solution

A green synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidone stabilized platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) has been done by microwave irradiation in the presence of glucose. The formation process of the PtNPs is pursued by UV–visible spectroscopy. The morphology of the PtNPs was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Catalytic activity of the above PtNPs has been substantiated through photodecolorization of aqueous methyl violet solution.

Synthesis, flocculation and adsorption performance of amphoteric starch

A novel amphoteric copolymer flocculant was synthesized by incorporating a cationic moiety 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTA) and an anion moiety phosphate onto the backbone of starch with microwave radiation. The synthesized starch copolymer was characterized and examined by FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), molecular mass and polydispersity, swelling power and solubility index. Flocculation performance was evaluated in 50mg/L methyl violet solution. It has been found that these flocculation characteristics mainly depended on the charge neutralization, followed by the interchain bridging of the amphoteric copolymer. Also, adsorption to Pb (II) solution was investigated by jar test. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of amphoteric copolymer correlated with pH value, adsorption time and initial Pb (II) concentration.

Study on UV/O<sub>3</sub> of Methyl Violet Wastewater

Ultraviolet ozone process was used to eliminate Methyl Violet, the effects of the type of research process, the initial solution pH, dye concentration and free radical quenching agent N-butanol on its degradation rate were studied. The experimental results showed that: comparing to UV, O3, UV/O3 three types of technology, UV and O3 technology had significant synergies, the degradation rate of Methyl Violet solution achieve 99.58% at 50min for the initial concentration of 100mg/L. increasing pH value resulted in increasing degradation rate, the degradation rate achieved 99. 8% at 50min under alkaline conditions. The remove rate decreased with increasing initial concentrations. Quenchers of free radicals inhibited the generation of hydroxyl radical and induced decreasing degradation rate. The degradation reaction of Methyl Violet by UV/O3 followed first-order law.

Catalytic determination of traces of Rh(III) using an optode based on immobilization of methyl violet on a triacetylcellulose membrane

The characterization of an optical sensor membrane is described for determination of rhodium. The optode sensing reagent is methyl violet which is immobilized on triacetylcellulose membrane. It has been found that oxidation of methyl violet with periodate is very slow. Presence of trace amount of Rh(III) catalyzes the reaction and causes a significant increase in the reaction rate. The reaction of periodate with the immobilized methyl violet in the presence of rhodium in acidic media causes a decrease in the absorbance of the film at 594 nm which is directly proportional to the concentration of rhodium. This sensing phase has a linear range of 1–110 μg mL −1 for Rh(III) ions. The one-shot sensor can readily be fully regenerated with methyl violet solution, and the color is fully reversible.

A novel cyanide sensing phase based on immobilization of methyl violet on a triacetylcellulose membrane

The characterization of an optical absorption based one-shot sensor membrane is described for the determination of cyanide ion based on the immobilization of methyl violet on a triacetylcellulose membrane. Methyl violet is covalently bonded to a transparent triacetylcellulose film. Cyanide ion reacts with the immobilized methyl violet and causes a decrease in the absorbance of the film at 598 nm. The response time of sensing phase is within 8–12 min depending on the concentration of CN − ions. This sensing phase has a linear range of 3.8–95 mmol L −1 (100–2500 μg mL −1) for CN − ions with a limit of detection of 2.4 mmol L −1 (63 μg mL −1) at a wavelength of 598 nm. The one-shot sensor can readily be fully regenerated with methyl violet solution, and the color is fully reversible.

Long-term results of wide surgical excision in 106 patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) is a chronic recurrent disorder characterized by abscessing inflammation, fistulating sinus tracts, and scarring. Predilection sites are the intertriginal regions. The severe course of the disease demands an early and curative treatment. The aim of this study was to review the effect of radical surgical excision concerning cure rate and potential complications within a large group of patients. We analyzed data for 106 patients suffering from hidradenitis suppurativa treated during the period 1980-1998. The mean duration of the disease was 7 years. In about 90% of the cases, two or more sites were affected. Inguinal (70.8%) and axillary regions (61.3%) were most commonly involved. All patients were treated by radical wide excision using intraoperative marking of sinus tracts with methylviolet solution. The method of reconstruction depended on the size and location of the defect. Median postoperative follow-up time was 36 months. The overall complication rate was 17.8%. Most of these were minor complications such as suture dehiscence, postoperative bleeding, and hematoma. Wound infection occurred in only 3.7% of patients. The rate of recurrence within the operated fields was 2.5%. There was no relation between the surgical method of reconstruction and the rate of recurrence. Recurrence was related to the severity of the disorder. Our results confirm early radical excision as the treatment of choice for hidradenitis suppurativa. Using intraoperative color-marking of sinus tracts, the recurrence rate is minimal. The method of reconstruction has no influence on recurrence and should be chosen with respect to the size and location of the excised area.

Differential staining of gastric glandular cells.

Fundus of stomach is fixed in 10% formalin (aqueous), Bouin's fluid or 5% trichloracetic acid (aqueous). It is embedded in paraffin, and 7μ sections are cut, mounted, deparaffinized and passed to 70% alcohol and then stained as follows: Mordant 3 min. in saturated Bismarck brown in 70% alcohol. Rinse in 70% alcohol, pass to distilled water, then overstain (2 hr.) in aniline blue, 0.5% solution in 2.5% acetic acid (aqueous). Precipitate the anilin blue with 0.5 ml. of 0.1% methyl violet solution (aqueous) dropped on die slide. Leave on 2 min. or less. Wash and differentiate in 70% alcohol. (Parietal cells dark blue). Stain 30 min. in a mixture of hematein, 0.10g.; A1C13 cryst., 0.05g.; and 70% alcohol 50 ml., prepared just before use and not filtered. Rinse in 70% alcohol and differentiate with an alcoholic extract of saffron (2 g. saffron pistils in 100 ml. 90% alcohol at 60°C. for 6 hr.) while observing the progress of differentiation microscopically. Dehydrate by dropping a 0.1 % solution of acetic acid...