Methyl Green-pyronin Staining Research Articles

A case of plasmacytoma with widespread metastasis in a dog

In this study, a case of plasmacytoma with widespread metastasis in a nine-year-old male Rottweiler dog was described by histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. Macroscopic examination revealed multifocal white or pink-red colored masses ranging in size from 0,5 to 3 cm in the lung, liver, mediastinal and mesenterial lymph nodes, spleen, heart, pancreas, intestine and kidneys. In microscopic examination, tumor foci consisting mostly of atypical plasma cells were observed in the lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, mediastinal and mesenteric lymph nodes, intestine, and kidneys. Tumor-type giant cells were observed in tumor foci in the lung, mitotic figures in tumor foci in other organs, including the lung, and abundant tumor cells in capillary vessels. In Methyl Green Pyronin staining of lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, mediastinal and mesenterial lymph nodes, intestine and kidney sections, the cytoplasm of plasma cells was observed to be stained pink. Congo Red staining applied to liver and spleen sections showed amyloid deposits stained in brick red color. In addition, in the immunohistochemical staining of lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, mediastinal and mesenterial lymph nodes, intestine and kidney sections with Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) antibody, severe immunoreactivity was detected in tumor cells. As a result, due to the presence of rarely reported widespread metastases in the lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, mediastinal and mesenterial lymph nodes, intestine and kidneys of the diagnosed plasmacytoma case, it was deemed appropriate to publish the case in order to contribute to the literature by attracting the attention of veterinarians.

Direct specimen collection during routine operation improves nucleic acid quality in genetic analysis samples for head and neck tumors: A retrospective study

The nucleic acid integrity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples is poor, and the material available for genetic analysis is limited. Therefore, to expand the effectiveness of personalized medicine in patients with HNSCC, a new sampling method is needed. In total, 128 samples from 44 patients with HNSCC were studied: 32 genetic analysis samples (GASs) collected as 5 × 5 × 5 mm tissue fragments from resected large tumors and immediately embedded in a small formalin bottle within 10 min (i.e., the ischemic time), 43 primary tumor components (primary), 14 decalcified tumor (DC) samples, 32 metastatic tumors in lymph nodes (LNs), and 7 parakeratinized components (PKCs). The nucleic acid quality in the GAS, primary, DC, LN, and PKC groups was compared and next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed. DNA integrity number and percentage of RNA fragments with > 200 nucleotides were significantly higher in the GAS group than those in the other groups. RNA integrity number decreased first in LN, followed by GAS, primary, and DC. No significant differences were observed in DIN, RIN and DV200 among the PKC, primary and LN. Following methyl green-pyronin staining, preserved DNA and RNA were not visualized in DC samples. Most NGS metrics did not differ significantly among primary, LN, and PKC samples. In conclusion, GASs should be collected during routine hospital activities. When the volume of viable materials is limited, PKCs should be considered for genetic analysis.

Immune synergistic mechanism of recombinant plasmid adjuvant containing chicken IL-4 and IL-2 fusion genes on chicken coccidia live vaccine

The recombinant plasmid pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP containing fusion genes of chicken IL-4 and IL-2 can be used as an adjuvant to enhance the anticoccidiosis effect of the chicken coccidia live vaccine. The chickens were divided into 3 groups: blank control group, vaccine+pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP adjuvant coimmunization group, and vaccine-only group to investigate the immune synergy mechanism of recombinant plasmid adjuvant pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP. The expressions of IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in chicken sera and tissues were detected by ELISA and RT-qPCR, and the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APC) in chicken immune organs and intestines were detected by acid alpha-naphthalase (ANAE) staining, methyl green pyronine (MGP) staining, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining, respectively. Results showed that the mRNA expression of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and the number of activated T and B lymphocytes were significantly upregulated in the spleen and cecum tonsils of chickens in vaccine+pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP group compared with the vaccine-only group on 7 d after vaccination (P < 0.05). Protein contents of IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α in vaccine+pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP group were significantly increased compared to vaccine-only group on 28 d of inoculation (P < 0.05). The number of T and B lymphocytes and APC in chickens of the vaccine+ pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP group was significantly higher than that of the vaccine-only group in cecum tonsils, thymus and spleen after 14 and 28 d of inoculation (P < 0.05). All results revealed that pCI-IL-4-IL-2-EGFP adjuvant enhanced the immune response of chicken coccidia live vaccine by upregulating the expression of IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and promoting the proliferation of T, B lymphocytes and APCs in chicken intestines and immune organ sites. Moreover, our study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of cytogenic plasmids as adjuvants.

Comparison of the Development and Involution Periods of Bursa of Fabricius with Histological and Histochemical Methods

The aim of this study is to histologically and histochemically determine the developmental and involutional stages of bursa of Fabricius of henna partridge (Alectoris chukar). In the study, bursa of Fabricius of 12 3-month-old (6 males, 6 females), 12 6-month-old (6 males, 6 females) henna partridges purchased from a private farm were used. It was observed that bursa of Fabricius was surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and consisted of tunica serosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica mucosa layers from the outside to the inside. It was seen that the tunica muscularis consisted of outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle fibers. It was observed that the tunica mucosa made plicae towards the lumen of the organ and consisted of 10-15 plicae. It was seen that lamina epithelialis and lymph follicles were present in each plica. It was determined that the lamina epithelialis consisted of two parts called FAE (Follicle-Associated Epithelium) and IFE (İnter Follicular Epithelium). It was noted that the lymph follicles contained cortex and medulla sections and were separated locally by capillaries together with cortical medullary boundry cells. In the Methyl Green-pyronin staining method, plasma cells were found in the bursa of Fabricius of the henna partridge, in the connective tissue surrounding the organ, around the blood vessels and inside the follicles. In AB pH=2.5 staining, AB-positive reaction was seen only in the apical part of the epithelial cells forming FAE and IFE in the pre- and post-involution period. In PAS staining, PAS-positive reaction was observed only in the apical part of the epithelial cells forming FAE and IFE in the pre- and post-involution period. In PAS/AB pH=2.5 combined staining method, AB-positive reaction was observed only in the apical part of epithelial cells in the pre- and post-involution period. As a result of this study, it was found that bursa of Fabricius of the henna partridge did not undergo any histochemical changes despite its histologically large differences after involution.

Nuclear and Nucleolar Morphometric Changes in MGP Stained Oral Epithelial Cells In Cigarette Smokers and Non Smokers

Aim: To compare nuclear and nucleolar morphometric changes in methyl green pyronin stained oral epithelial cells in cigarette smokers, passive smokers and non smokers Study design: A comparative cross sectional study Place and duration: Carried out in Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Duration was 6 months, March 2022 to August 2022. Methods: 120 subjects were equally divided into three main groups, cigarette smokers, passive smokers and non smokers, each fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Buccal smears were collected by exfoliative cytology of mucosa and then stained by methyl green pyronin stain. The quantitative nuclear morphometric parameters i.e., nuclear and nucleolar diameter and area, and number of nucleoli, were measured. Results: Themedian of all nuclear parameters of smokers was significantly higher as compared to passive smokers and non-smokers in MGP stain (p ≤ 0.05). Further, effect of duration of smoking on morphometric variables showed significant (p&lt; 0.05) results amongst the smokers in MGP stain. However, no significant differences were seen in all morphometric parameters with respect to frequency of cigarette smoking. Conclusion: The study confirms nuclear morphometric changes in oral epithelial cells of cigarette smokers indicating that smoking does influence cellular alterations. The simplicity of cytology technique with the use of methyl green pyronin stain is valuable screening tool for detecting early oral mucosal changes in high risk patients. Keywords: smoking, exfoliative cytology, nuclear morphometric parameters, methyl green pyronin stain.

Comparative analysis of nucleomorphometric parameters in methyl green-pyronin-stained sections of oral epithelial dysplasia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Context:The diagnosis and grading of epithelial dysplasia is based on a combination of architectural and cytological changes. A gradual increase in quantitative DNA aberrations has been found to correlate with increasing degree of dysplasia in oral mucous membranes.Aims:The aim of this study is to assess nuclear parameters in potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity and to assess cytomorphometric changes in the nucleus and nucleolus in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal oral mucosa using methyl green-pyronin staining to determine its suitability for detecting potentially malignant lesions and the stage of carcinogenesis.Methods:Forty-five archival sections of OED, OSMF and OSCC and 5 cases of normal oral mucosa as the control group were stained according to methyl green-pyronin-staining protocol. Cytomorphometric parameters such as nuclear diameter, nucleolar diameter, number of nucleoli and cytoplasmic RNA were assessed.Statistical Analysis Used:The study was subjected to statistical analysis to evaluate the association between morphometric parameters using analysis of variance test, followed by Bonferroni's post hoc analysis.Results:A progressive increase in the nuclear parameters as well as cytoplasmic RNA content was observed between normal mucosa through dysplasia and OSMF to OSCC.Conclusion:This study serves as an effective diagnostic aid in assessing nuclear parameters in potentially malignant and malignant epithelial lesions affecting oral cavity.

Prenatal and postnatal exposure to low levels of permethrin exerts reproductive effects in male mice

Permethrin, a pyrethroid chemical, is widely used as a pesticide because of its rapid insecticidal activity. Although permethrin is considered to exert very low toxicity on mammalian reproductive organs, the effects of early low-level and chronic exposure on adult spermatogenesis are unclear. We exposed mice to environmentally relevant concentrations of permethrin (0, 0.3, and 30ppm) in drinking water during prenatal and postnatal period and examined the effects on the testis in mice offspring when they reached maturity (12 weeks of age). Using methyl green-pyronin staining, we found an abnormal accumulation of RNA in the seminiferous epithelia of mice treated with permethrin; this accumulation may be derived from an enlargement of the residual body. Additionally, permethrin may cause a decline of Sertoli cell functions. Our findings demonstrate that low-level and chronic permethrin exposure during prenatal and postnatal period has distinct effects on male reproductive system in mice.

Histochemical detection and comparison of apoptotic cells in the gingival epithelium using hematoxylin and eosin and methyl green-pyronin: A pilot study.

Background:Apoptosis plays a critical role in the regulation of inflammation and host immune response. It helps in tissue homeostasis and a disturbance in this is often associated with disease. The use of histochemical stains like hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and methyl green-pyronin (MGP) can provide a simple and cost-effective method for the detection of apoptotic cells.Aim:Study intended to analyze the expression of apoptosis in the gingival epithelium of healthy subjects and in patients with chronic periodontitis, using H and E and MGP. It is also proposed to correlate the apoptotic index (AI) of healthy individuals and those with chronic periodontitis.Materials and Methods:Twenty gingival biopsies were harvested from which ten samples were of healthy subjects and ten subjects who suffered from chronic periodontitis. Apoptotic cells were analyzed using MGP and H and E under light microscopy.Results:Apoptotic cells were identified at ×100 magnification and AI was calculated. Apoptotic cells were easily distinguishable in MGP stained sections when compared to those stained using H and E. Moreover, apoptotic cell count was higher in chronic periodontitis. Statistical analyses were done by Tukey's multiple post hoc procedure.Conclusion:The study reveals that MGP staining can be used in a routine basic laboratory set up as one of the cost-effective methods for the detection of apoptotic cells.

A histochemical comparison of methyl green-pyronin, and hematoxylin and eosin for detecting apoptotic cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and normal oral mucosa

Analysis of apoptotic cells in oral pathological states could be useful for determining the rates of tissue turnover, which would help determine prognosis. The use of histochemical stains such as hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and methyl green-pyronin (MGP) can provide a simple and cost-effective method for detecting apoptotic cells. We compared the efficacy of MGP and H & E for detecting apoptotic cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral leukoplakia (OL), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and normal oral mucosa (NOM). Ten cases each of OSCC, OSMF, OL and NOM were retrieved from the archives and two serial sections were stained, one with H & E and the other with MGP. Apoptotic cells were identified at 100 x magnification and the apoptotic index was calculated. Apoptotic cells were distinguished more readily in MGP stained sections than in those stained with H & E. Also, the apoptotic cell count was greater in OSCC compared to OL, OSMF and NOM. We concluded that MGP staining can be used as a routine, cost-effective method for detecting apoptotic cells.

Expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins in ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor

Tumors arising from epithelium of the odontogenic apparatus or from its derivatives or remnants exhibit considerable histologic variation and are classified into several benign and malignant entities. A high proliferative activity of the odontogenic epithelium in ameloblastoma (AM) and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) has been demonstrated in some studies individually. However, very few previous studies have simultaneously evaluated cell proliferation and apoptotic indexes in AM and KCOT, comparing both lesions. The aim of this study was to assess and compare cell proliferation and apoptotic rates between these two tumors. Specimens of 15 solid AM and 15 KCOT were evaluated. The proliferation index (PI) was assessed by immunohistochemical detection of Ki-67 and the apoptotic index (AI) by methyl green-pyronin stain. KCOT presented a higher PI than AM (P < .05). No statistically significant difference was found in the AI between AM and KCOT. PI and AI were higher in the peripheral cells of AM and respectively in the suprabasal and superficial layers of KCOT. In conclusion, KCOT showed a higher cell proliferation than AM and the AI was similar between these tumors. These findings reinforce the classification of KCOT as an odontogenic tumor and should contribute to its aggressive clinical behavior.

English

The morphology of three ectoparasitic ciliates, Trichodina paraheterodentata sp. nov., Trichodina pseudominuta sp. nov. and Trichodina jialingensis sp. nov., parasitising the freshwater fishes from Chongqing, China, were investigated following dry silver nitrate and the methyl green-pyronin stain. T. paraheterodentatawas found on the skin of Siniperca chuatsi, and is distinguished mainly by the acute triangle-like blade, the well-developed central part, a little curved and robust ray. T. pseudominuta was isolated from the gills of Carassius auratus, and is characterized by the slanting parallelogram, relatively developed central part, long and slim ray arranged in helical form with the tip of ray extending past the Y+1 axis in the whole view of the parasite. T. jialingensis was collected from the gills ofCtenopharyngodon idellus, and is displaying irregular rectangular blade, undeveloped central part and the straight ray. Morphometric data and comparative descriptions of these trichodinids are provided along with details of their prevalence. Key words: Trichodina, new species, freshwater fish, Siniperca chuatsi, Carassius auratus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, China.

Prevalence of Theileria annulata infection in Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum collected from crossbred cattle of Ludhiana, Punjab.

The prevalence of Theileria infection in tick vector Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum collected from healthy animals of Ludhiana district, Punjab was recorded to assess the natural infection level of theilerial parasite in the field condition. A total of 60 semi-engorged H. a. anatolicum were collected from cattle and their salivary glands were dissected out. One half of the salivary gland was stained with methyl green pyronin (MGP) and the other half was utilized for DNA isolation for molecular detection of Theileria infection. A PCR and nested PCR assays were standardized for the detection of T. annulata infection in salivary gland of H. a. anatolicum. The prevalence of T. annulata infection was recorded as 8.3, 20.0 and 60.0% by MGP staining, primary PCR and nested PCR, respectively. Further, the prevalence was higher in female ticks (8.8%) than male ticks (6.6%). The results demonstrated that both primary and nested PCR assays are a valuable technique for detection of T. annulata infection in vector tick under field conditions.

Comparative Assessment of Nuclear and Nucleolar Cytochemical Parameters of Oral Epithelial Cells in Smokers and Non-Smokers by Methyl Green-Pyronin Staining

Introduction: A strong relationship exists between cigarette smoking and the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Smoking can significantly increase cellular proliferation. Nevertheless, there is little reference in literature to the cytological assessment of oral mucosa in this respect. Methods: Changes in nuclear and neucleolar cytomorphometric parameters such as diameter, surface, number and color intensity, in cytologic smears which were collected from normal buccal mucosa of 30 cigarette smokers and 30 non smokers, using methyl green-pyronin staining were studied. Results: Our findings attested to smoking as significant inductive factor in cytochemistry as well as morphologic changes. Conclusion: This technique is a valuable tool

The Histological Characteristics and Localisation of ACP and ANAE Positive Lymphocytes in the Oesophageal Tonsil of the Duck (Anas Platyrhynchos)

This study was carried out to examine histological and enzyme histochemical characteristics of the oesophageal tonsil in ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Tissue samples were collected from distal parts of the mucosal folds at the oesophageal/proventricular junction. We applied alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase to tissue sections for localisation of T or B lymphocytes. Trichrome staining, silver impregnation, methyl green-pyronin staining and PAS reaction were used for determination of light microscopic structure of the oesophageal tonsils. The oesophageal tonsils were located at the junction of the oesophagus and proventriculus. Interestingly, we detected the existence of high endothelial venules in the interfollicular area and of the accumulated positive cells in lymphoid nodules. It can be said that these tonsils have functions similar to the Harderian gland in avian species and Waldeyer's ring in mammalian species.

STUDY ON THE HISTOCHEMICAL PROPERTY OF THE MAST CELLS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF NILE TILAPIA

Five healthy nile tilapia(average weight 500g) were bought.After executing,the esophagus,stomachus(stomachus fundus,stomachus pylorus and stomachus cardiacus),small intestine(foregut,midgut and hindgut) were respectively fixed in the Carnoy solution(60% dehydrate alcohol,30% chloroform and 10% glacial acetic acid),con-tinuously embedded and sliced with 6μm.Toluidine blue staining(MTB),Alcian blue Safranin O staining(AB/SO),methyl green-Pyronine staining(MG-P),Azure Ⅱ-Eosin-Wright mixture staining and Thionine staining were used to investigate the histochemical property of the mast cells in the digestive tract of tilapia. The mast cells were showed in the esophagus,stomachus and small intestinal wall of nile tilapia.The mast cells in the slides of esophagus and stomachus mostly distributed between lamina propria and stomachus gland.The mast cells in intestinal tract mainly distributed in lamina propria and under intestine epithelium,while less in connective tissue of submucosa.They were circular,ellipse and spindle,and intended to be around blood vessels.The results of five histo-chemical stainings were as follows: The MTB,AB/SO and MG-P stainings could show the mast cells better,especially the AB/SO was the best among them.The mast cells were distinctly outlined,the cytoplasmic particle of which was clear.The similarity of the research on teleostean mast cells from home and abroad was that the mast cells of nile tilapia was similar to mucosal mast cell of mammal.The effect of MG-P staining was good too,in which the cytoplasmic par-ticle of mast cells showed red,which meant the cytoplasmic contained mainly heparin not histamine.It confirmed fur-ther that the histochemical property of the mast cells of nile tilapia was similar to mucosal mast cell of mammal.The effect of Azure Ⅱ-Eosin-Wright mixture staining was better,but the mast cells dyed was few.Whereas,the mast cells in the sections of digestive tract of nile tilapia could not been showed by 80% Alcohol-Thionine staining.The reason might be different stationary liquid or the difference in histochemical property of mast cells of nile tilapia,carp and white fish.The observation showed that the mast cells in the digestive tract of nile tilapia mostly distributed in the points which easily revealed from environment antigen such as shallow mucosa or blood vessels,the connective tissue around gland and so on.The mast cells had similar distribution characteristics in different organs of other animals.From the above,the distribution characteristics of creatural mast cells were closely bound up with the function of cell,which maybe provide handy positional foundation for the exertion of autoimmune function in a sense.The experiment also found that the location of mast cells in connective tissue of mucosa in digestive tract of nile tilapia were similar with most of the vertebrate,of which the location was intended to be around blood vessels.It meant that teleostean mast cells were closely related to blood vessels as mammals were. It was reported that the growth of vascular endothelial cells and constitute of blood circulation were affected by histamine and heparin released from mast cells.The vascular endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1,which could watch blood stream by attracting lymphocyte adhere to the inner wall of blood vessels,could be induced by Tumor Ne-crosis Factor-α(TNF-α) released from mast cells in human skin.It was obviously that the mast cells around blood ves-sels played an important role in reaction of blood vessels.

Failure of the Amblyomma cajennense nymph to become infected by Theileria equi after feeding on acute or chronically infected horses

Tick-borne diseases in horses are caused by the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. Although T. equi is highly endemic in Latin America, the New World vector of this important parasite is controversial. The aim of this study was to test the ability of nymph Amblyomma cajennense ticks acquire infection by T. equi following feeding on infected horses. Three experiments were performed: tick acquisition of T. equi from an experimentally infected horse, tick acquisition of T. equi from naturally infected foals and tick acquisition of T. equi from a chronically infected horse. A. cajennense adults were dissected and salivary glands were collected in aliquots. Methyl green pyronin staining of the salivary glands did not show the presence of hypertrophy of acini or cell nuclei normally suggestive of Theileria spp. infection. The pools of salivary glands were negative for Theileria DNA in nested PCR assays. Histopathological analysis failed to detect sporoblast and sporozoites of T. equi in salivary gland acini. This study was not able to observe infection of the A. cajennense by T. equi.

Prevalence of Theileria annulata infection in Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum in Punjab state, India

The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Theileria infection in tick vectors collected from healthy animals to record the natural infection level of theilerial parasite in the field condition. A total of 156 male and 110 semi-engorged female of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were collected from cattle and buffaloes of two different agro climatic zones of Punjab, dissected and their salivary glands were stained with Methyl Green Pyronin (MGP) stain. The prevalence, intensity and abundance of Theileria annulata infection were higher in female ticks (15.45%, 5.08 and 32.88, respectively) than male ticks (8.97%, 1.69 and 18.86, respectively). The ticks collected from cattle had a higher prevalence, abundance and intensity (15.15%, 5.38 and 35.53, respectively) of T. annulata infection than the ticks collected from buffaloes (9.58%, 1.74 and 18.13, respectively). Hot and dry climate favored the development of T. annulata sporozoites in H. a. anatolicum ticks as the prevalence, abundance and intensity of T. annulata infection were higher in ticks collected from Western semi arid zone of Punjab as compared to those collected from the central plain zone with hot and humid climate.

Detection of nucleoproteins in squamous cell carcinoma, and dysplastic and normal mucosa in the oral cavity by methyl green-pyronin staining

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity. The mortality rate associated with head and neck cancers remains high, and thus detection techniques are important. In the present study, methyl green-pyronin staining was applied to 5 normal mucosa specimens, 10 cases of dysplastic mucosa, 12 cases of SCC (grade I), 10 cases of SCC (grade II) and 5 cases of SCC (grade III) in the oral cavity. This is the first study in which nuclear and nucleolar cytomorphometric parameters (diameter, area and number) in such oral lesions were evaluated using this method. As methyl green-pyronin selectively stains nucleic acids, it can differentiate between DNA (green) and RNA (red). The results reveal that the proposed method can be used to evaluate changes in the nucleus and nucleolus in premalignant lesions in the oral cavity.

Modulation of inflammatory response after spinal cord trauma with deferoxamine, an iron chelator

The standard iron-chelator deferoxamine is known to reduce neurological deficits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of deferoxamine in the secondary damage in experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice, induced by the application of vascular clips to the dura via a four-level T5–T8 laminectomy. SCI resulted in production of inflammatory mediators, tissue damage and apoptosis. Deferoxamine treatment 30 min before and 1 and 6 h after the SCI significantly reduced: (1) GFAP immunoreactivity, (2) neutrophil infiltration, (3) NF-κB activation, (4) iNOS expression, (5) nitrotyrosine and MDA formation, (6) DNA damage (methyl green pyronin staining and PAR formation and (7) apoptosis (TUNEL staining, FasL, Bax and Bcl-2 expression, S-100 expression). Moreover, deferoxamine significantly ameliorated the recovery of limb function (evaluated by motor recovery score). Taken together, the results clearly demonstrate that deferoxamine treatment reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury associated with spinal cord trauma.

Effect Of Chromium- Picolinat On Biochemical And Histopathological Altrations In Rats

Chromium III tris (picolinate) [Cr(pic)3]is a popular nutritionalsupplement; however its safety has been questioned, especially withregard to its ability to act as a clastogen. The aim of the present workwas to evaluate the biochemical and morphological changes in theliver following oral administration of Cr-picolinate and the possibleprotective effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in rats. Fifty maleSprague Dawly rats were divided into five groups included the controlgroup, the rest four groups treated orally with picolinte (0.8 and 1.5mg /100 g b. w) alone or in combination with Vitamin C (0.5 mg /100g b. w) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that animals treated with Crpicolinatealone at the high dose level (1.5 mg/100 g b.w) showed asignificant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) level and activity ofglutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver homogenate or bloodaccompanied with a significant increase in serum sFas; 8-hydroxy-2 –deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels .The hepatocytesshowed some degenerative changes in the form of swollen cells anddegenerating nuclei, yet some cells showed regeneration by divisionof their nuclei The methyl green pyronin (MGP) stain showed lesslevel of DNA in the nuclei, the cells appeared swollen and fused insome areas. It could be concluded that consumption of Cr-picolinatefor a long time is contributing to health hazards and induced severalhazards to liver. Supplementation with extra amounts of vitamin Cmay be useful to restrain the chromium-induced biochemical andmorphological changes to the liver. It is believed that oxidative stressdue to Cr- picolinate is a factor contributing to this health hazards.Key word: Chromium III tris (picolinate), oxidative stress, DNAdamage.