Methyl Ester Sulfonate Surfactant Research Articles

Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica from Palm Oil Boiler Ash (MS-POBA) with Addition of Methyl Ester Sulfonate as a Template for Free Fatty Acid Adsorption from Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

The synthesis of mesoporous material by utilizing palm oil boiler ash (POBA) waste as the silica source and methyl ester sulfonate (MES) surfactant as the template for a high-porosity was investigated for free fatty acids (FFA) adsorption. The research was initiated with silica extraction from POBA by sodium hydroxide addition through the sol-gel precipitation method. Silica modification was carried out with MES surfactant and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) as the co-structure-directing agent (CSDA) in different calcination temperatures. Mesoporous silica-POBA (MS-POBA) free template had a surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume (41.033 m2/g, 4.180 nm, and 0.250 cm3/g) lower than MS-POBA with the template (71.0147 m2/g, 7.923 nm, and 0.524 cm3/g). The ability of MS-POBA to adsorb FFA reached its optimum conditions with an adsorption time of 20 min and an adsorbent dosage of 0.24 g. The FFA removal by MS-POBA with the template was found to have higher adsorption ability, which was 35.54%, compared to the MS-POBA free template of 26.68%. The high porosity of MS-POBA with a template makes the FFA adsorption capacity of this material higher than MS-POBA free template.

Oil spill dispersant formulation from Palmitoyl-DEA and methyl ester sulfonate

Surfactants are chemical compounds that can interact with solvents to reduce surface tension. Palmitoyl-Diethanolamide surfactant (Palmitoyl-DEA) and methyl ester sulfonate (MES) can be applied in dispersing oil in seawater as Oil Spill Dispersant (OSD). An OSD formulation derived from a mixture of two surfactant solutions, namely Palmitoyl-DEA and MES, was found. Diethanolamide non-ionic surfactant solution and anionic methyl ester sulfonate surfactant solution in various concentrations were mixed according to their respective ratios at 50℃ for 60 minutes. The OSD product obtained was then analyzed for density, surface tension, and emulsion stability. OSD products at a concentration of 4% MES and 2% DEA with a 2:1 ratio obtained the best analytical results. The OSD product has excellent density, surface tension, and emulsion stability (> 80%). Furthermore, testing of OSD products was carried out for oil pollution in seawater. The results of simulation tests using OSD products for handling petroleum pollution in seawater (15 mL/L) show an excellent ability to disperse oil (> 90%). The oil and OSD dispersed in seawater showed a more significant increase in COD and BOD values.

Adsorption of methyl ester sulfonate surfactant on Berea sandstone: Parametric optimization, kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies

Anionic surfactants are utilized as an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) additive in sandstone reservoirs due to their excellent surface-activity and self-assembly behaviour. Considering the toxicity of some of the conventional surfactants and the clamour for sustainability approach for oil and gas operations, this present study focuses on application of anionic bio-based surfactant (methyl ester sulfonate, MES) synthesized from used cooking oil in EOR. Studies on MES adsorption onto sandstone reservoir rock were conducted, and the influence of static conditions on adsorption rate using Taguchi experimental design approach was explored. Adsorption data were analyzed using various isotherm and kinetics models. The obtained findings from optimization studies showed that salinity had a significant effect on the process, followed by temperature and pH. The concentration of surfactant had the least effect on the static adsorption process. At an optimum initial MES concentration of 500 ppm, salinity of 3.0 wt%, pH of 4.0, and temperature of 30 °C, the maximum extent of MES adsorbed by the sandstone was 98.9±0.69%. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics models were found to fit well with the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics data, respectively. The obtained values of thermodynamic parameters confirmed that MES adsorption onto sandstone was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic.

Emulsion Formation in Palm Oil Methyl Ester Sulfonate Surfactant to Light Crude Oil

The Enhanced Oil Recovery method is a method that can be attempted to increase the recovery of petroleum. One of the materials that can be used is Methyl Ester Sulfonate surfactant from palm oil, as a vegetable surfactant whose raw materials are widely available in Indonesia. In this study, the compatibility test of Methyl Ester Sulfonate surfactant was carried out on light crude oil type T samples. The study was carried out with various surfactant concentrations, starting from 0.25%, 0.3%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. In the aqueous stability test, the results obtained for all clear conditions for the surfactant concentration were measured for 3 days in an oven with a temperature of 60oC. Whereas in the phase behavior test, good results of the upper phase emulsion were obtained at concentrations of 0.3%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. The volume of the top phase emulsion ranges from 25% to 37.5%. (Normal). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that for the crude oil sample T, palm oil MES surfactant is stable for use as a surfactant injection fluid, with a surfactant concentration composition that produces a fairly large upper phase emulsion of around 25% - 37.5% at a surfactant concentration of 0.5% - 2%.

Sintesis Metil Ester Sulfonat dari Sulfonasi Metil Ester Minyak Sawit dengan Agen Na2S2O5

Surfactants are surface active ingredients that function to reduce the surface tension of a liquid. In general, surfactants are synthesized from petroleum and natural gas derivatives, but they can cause environmental pollution and are not renewable, so an alternative raw material is needed, namely palm oil. One type of surfactant that can be produced from palm oil is methyl ester sulfonate (MES). This study aims to obtain the optimum process conditions and the characteristics of the MES surfactant produced from palm oil methyl ester with the sulfonating agent Na2S2O5. The preparation of methyl esters was carried out in two stages of esterification and transesterification reactions using methanol as a source of alcohol with H2SO4 as an acid catalyst and NaOH as a base catalyst. Sulfonation was carried out at temperatures of 80, 90 and 100 0C, the ratio of methyl ester to Na2S2O5 was 1:0.5; 1:0.75; 1:1 and 5 hours reaction time. The optimum process was obtained by treating the temperature of 90 0C with a mole ratio of Na2S2O5 to methyl ester 1:1 with a reaction time of 5 hours. The MES characteristics resulting from these conditions had a pH of 1.45, an acid number of 10.6 mgKOH/g, a density of 0.886 g/cm3 and a sulfonate absorbance value of 0.290.

Preparasi Detergen Penyuci Najis Air Liur Anjing dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat (MES)

The kaolin detergent preparation as an alternative a dog saliva cleanser has been carried out by varying the concentration of Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) surfactant. This study aims to obtain the best kaolin detergent composition based on the results of physicochemical testing. The manufacture of kaolin detergent in this study has three stages. The first step is the preparation and characterization of kaolin using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The second step is the manufacture of kaolin detergent with various concentrations of MES surfactant by 10%, 14%, and 18% (w/w). The third step is testing the physicochemical properties which include organoleptic, pH, foam stability, and surface tension. The results showed that kaolin used in the manufacture of detergents has the main mineral content in the form of kaolinite is shown at 2θ=12,24o (d=7,24 Å) and 2θ=24,78o (d=3,58 Å). Based on the results of physicochemical testing, kaolin detergent F3 (MES 18%) was chosen as the best kaolin detergent because it has a thick and homogeneous liquid form, soft texture, white color, has a coconut milk smell, pH 8,270, and surface tension of 0,010 Nm-1.

Formulation of Biodegreaser Made from Palm Oil Methyl Ester Sulfonate Surfactant with Oxalic Acid Additive

The development of bio degreaser made from palm oil surfactant aims to substitute bio degreaser made from petroleum surfactant which is less environmentally friendly. The development was carried out by formulating palm methyl ester sulfonate (MES) surfactant with oxalic acid as metal or non-metal cleaning agent. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best concentration of oxalic acid in the bio degreaser formulation. The concentrations of oxalic acid tested were 7, 8, and 9%. The best concentration of oxalic acid was determined based on the results of characteristic tests and detergency tests, namely 7% oxalic acid concentration. The resulting bio degreaser product has a pH of 1.6; viscosity 1.39 cp; specific gravity of 1.012; surface tension 32 dyne/cm and detergency power 84%. Furthermore, the resulting bio degreaser was added with Diethanolamioda (DEA) surfactant. The purpose of adding DEA surfactant is to increase the pH and lower the surface tension. The formulation results showed an increase in pH from 1.6 to 3.2 and a decrease in surface tension from 31.97 dyne/cm to 28.70 dyne/cm. In addition, there was an increase in viscosity from 1.39 cp to 1.62 cp and specific gravity from 1.012 to 1.018.

Formulation of Biodegreaser Made from Palm Oil Methyl Ester Sulfonate Surfactant with Oxalic Acid Additive

The development of bio degreaser made from palm oil surfactant aims to substitute bio degreaser made from petroleum surfactant which is less environmentally friendly. The development was carried out by formulating palm methyl ester sulfonate (MES) surfactant with oxalic acid as metal or non-metal cleaning agent. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best concentration of oxalic acid in the bio degreaser formulation. The concentrations of oxalic acid tested were 7, 8, and 9%. The best concentration of oxalic acid was determined based on the results of characteristic tests and detergency tests, namely 7% oxalic acid concentration. The resulting bio degreaser product has a pH of 1.6; viscosity 1.39 cp; specific gravity of 1.012; surface tension 32 dyne/cm and detergency power 84%. Furthermore, the resulting bio degreaser was added with Diethanolamioda (DEA) surfactant. The purpose of adding DEA surfactant is to increase the pH and lower the surface tension. The formulation results showed an increase in pH from 1.6 to 3.2 and a decrease in surface tension from 31.97 dyne/cm to 28.70 dyne/cm. In addition, there was an increase in viscosity from 1.39 cp to 1.62 cp and specific gravity from 1.012 to 1.018.

The Effect of Reaction Time and Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester Sulfonate Surfactant from Palm Oil as a Feedstock using Microwave-Assisted Heating

Methyl ester sulfonate is an anionic surfactant that can be synthesized from palm oil as a raw material with the addition of sodium bisulfite and calcium oxide catalyst through transesterification and sulfonation process using microwave-assisted heating. The effect of microwave-assisted heating in the transesterification-sulfonation process was investigated in this study. The transesterification process was carried out using a microwave power of 300 watts for 10 minutes with an addition of a KOH catalyst of 1%. The transesterification process gave a result of palm oil methyl ester with a yield of up to 98% and density of 0.8546 gr/ml, and kinematic viscosity of 3.19 cSt. The sulfonation process is carried out using palm oil methyl ester and sodium bisulfite with a mole ratio of 1:3 and calcium oxide catalyst of 1.5% with the microwave power of 300 watts while varying the sulfonation time and temperature. The physicochemical properties of methyl ester sulfonate were analyzed, and the sulfonate group was characterized using FTIR. The optimum condition gave a yield of up to 98.68%, the density of 0.8657 gr/ml, viscosity of 3.75 cSt, pH of 2.12, and surface tension of up to 27.34 dyne/cm at a temperature of 100oC and sulfonation time of 40 minutes.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Solution Properties of Sesame Fatty Methyl Ester Sulfonate Surfactant.

The search for alternative, biodegradable, and sustainable raw materials to replace finite petrochemicals is an area of great interest. Triglycerides obtained from oilseed crops are such potential raw materials. In this study, sesame oil was trans-esterified to sesame fatty methyl esters (SEFAMEs) that were used as precursors in the synthesis of sesame fatty methyl esters sulfonate (SEFAMESO) surfactant. SEFAME and SEFAMESO surfactants were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), 1H NMR, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. HPLC-MS, 1H NMR, and FTIR spectra indicated successful trans-esterification and conversion of SEFAMEs to SEFAMESO. Solution properties of the SEFAMESO surfactant including hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value, Krafft point, foam-ability, critical micelle concentration (CMC), counterion degree of binding and thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°mic, ΔH°mic, ΔS°mic, ΔH°mic,* and TC were evaluated. The CMC values of SEFAMESO at 298.15 K were relatively lower than that of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) standard, and these values decreased to a minimum at 303.15 K and then increased with an increase in temperature. ΔG°mic values were negative indicating a spontaneous micellization process. ΔH°mic and ΔS°mic values revealed that micellization was entropy-driven at low temperatures and both entropy- and enthalpy-driven at high temperatures. ΔH°mic,* values were negative suggesting formation of stable micelles. The evaluated properties revealed the potential application of the synthesized surfactant as a cleansing agent.

Development of nanofluid detergent based on methyl ester sulfonates surfactant from waste cooking oil and titanium dioxide nanoparticles

In this study, nanofluid detergent was synthesized from methyl ester sulfonate (MES) surfactant and titanium dioxide nanoparticles while MES surfactant was synthesized from waste cooking oil (WCO), a low-cost material. The purpose of this study was to obtain an eco-friendly nanofluid detergent with optimum stability and performance. In the synthesis of MES surfactant, WCO has been purified first then followed by trans-esterification and sulfonation process. Concentrations of MES surfactant and CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) were varied for detergent synthesis, while TiO2 concentration was kept at 0.1%. Performance test of detergent was studied by stain removal and stain degradation test. Optimum quality of MES surfactant was obtained at pH 7 with disalt content of 4.47%. The results showed at MES surfactant concentration of 1.5%, detergent had the best stability about 99% and after the addition of CMC 4%, no sedimentation occurred within two weeks. MES concentration of 1.5% has the best performance for stain removal and after the addition of CMC 4%, detergent performance increased about 14%. While stain degradation test showed that detergent performance can be improved by TiO2 photocatalytic reaction, which respectively increased about 11% and after the addition of CMC increased 5%.

SINTESIS SURFAKTAN METIL ESTER SULFONAT DARI PALM OIL METHYL ESTER DAN NATRIUM METABISULFIT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN KATALIS KALSIUM OKSIDA

The most widely used surfactant is an anionic surfactant which is synthesized from petroleum namely Linear Alkylbenzene sulphonate (LABS). Methyl Ester Sulfonate which is currently being developed. Surfactant can produced from palm oil methyl ester via sulfonation sulfonate. When in this research using sodium metabisulphite. The aims of this work is to synthesize Methyl Ester Sulfonate surfactant from Palm Oil Methyl Ester using Sodium Metabisulphite and a catalyst Calcium Oxide. The effects of time and the mole ratio are also investigated. Sulfonation process carried out in 4, 5, 6 hours with mole ratio of 1: 0,5, 1:1, 1: 1,5, temperature of 80° C and with stirring speed of 450 rpm. It haven been found that the surfactant produced has density of (0.89490 g/cm3 - 0.89545 g/cm3), viscosity (2.0323 cP - 2.1329 cP), pH (2,03 - 2,48), surface tension (32.60 mN/m - 33.60 mN/m), interfacial tension (30.45 mN/m - 30.94 mN/m), and the stability emulsion (59.17% - 89, 17%).

Pemanfaatan Metil Ester Sulfonat pada Pembuatan Deterjen Cair

In the manufacture of detergents still using surfactants (which serves as an emulsifier) of crude oil in the form of the AS. (alcohol sulfate) and LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate), where this type of surfactant cannot be degraded by microorganisms when discharged into the environment, causing environmental pollution. Methyl ester sulfonate surfactant is an anionic surfactant which has a composition of C16 - C18 fatty acids are capable of acting against nature deterjensinya, while the C12 - C14 fatty acids contribute to the foaming effect. The purpose of this study was to look for the formulation of methyl ester sulfonate (MES) the right to produce a good detergent by using materials such as methyl ester sulfonate surfactant self-made, methyl ester sulfonate and sodium lauryl market Ester Sulfate (SLS) with a concentration of 15 %, 20 % and 25 %. Detergent results of the study have high detergency ( net ) compared with the detergency of detergent commercial, have a stable emulsion stability, the stability of the foam/foam detergent power made from methyl ester sulfonate surfactant produces less foam, compared with a detergent made from SLS and surfactant SNI 06-4075-1996 standards.

Pemanfaatan Metil Ester Sulfonat pada Pembuatan Deterjen Cair

In the manufacture of detergents still using surfactants (which serves as an emulsifier) of crude oil in the form of the AS. (alcohol sulfate) and LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate), where this type of surfactant cannot be degraded by microorganisms when discharged into the environment, causing environmental pollution. Methyl ester sulfonate surfactant is an anionic surfactant which has a composition of C 16 - C 18 fatty acids are capable of acting against nature deterjensinya, while the C 12 - C 14 fatty acids contribute to the foaming effect. The purpose of this study was to look for the formulation of methyl ester sulfonate (MES) the right to produce a good detergent by using materials such as methyl ester sulfonate surfactant self-made, methyl ester sulfonate and sodium lauryl market Ester Sulfate (SLS) with a concentration of 15 %, 20 % and 25 %. Detergent results of the study have high detergency ( net ) compared with the detergency of detergent commercial, have a stable emulsion stability, the stability of the foam/foam detergent power made from methyl ester sulfonate surfactant produces less foam, compared with a detergent made from SLS and surfactant SNI 06-4075-1996 standards.

Studies on interfacial tension and contact angle of synthesized surfactant and polymeric from castor oil for enhanced oil recovery

New synthesized polymeric surfactants have immensely attracted the researchers for further development of chemical enhanced oil recovery method particularly in surfactant flooding. Contact angle and interfacial tension measurement tests are the effective ways to identify proper chemicals/surfactants for enhanced oil recovery by chemical/surfactant flooding. In the present study a new polymeric surfactant was synthesized from pre-synthesized sodium methyl ester sulfonate (surfactant) and acrylamide for application in chemical enhanced oil recovery. The synthesized surfactant and polymeric surfactant were used to measure interfacial tension between their aqueous phase and crude oil phase to investigate the efficiency of the surfactants in reduction of interfacial tension. The synthesized polymeric surfactant has also ability to control the mobility because of its viscous nature in aqueous solution. Contact angles of solid-crude oil–surfactant interface were also measured to study the effect of the synthesized surfactant and polymeric surfactant on wettability alteration mechanism. Synergistic effect was studied by using NaCl and synthesized surfactants on interfacial tension. Dynamic interfacial tensions of the surfactant and polymeric surfactant solutions with crude oil were measured at different NaCl concentrations. Interfacial tension was found to be lowered up to 10−2 to 10−3mN/m which is effective for oil recovery. Measurement of contact angle indicates the wettability change of the quartz surface. Comparative studies on efficiencies of synthesized sodium methyl ester sulfonate surfactant and polymeric surfactant were also carried out with respect to interfacial tension reduction and contact angle change.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PENYALUT BIOBLEND PS/PCL TERHADAP PELEPASAN ZAT AKTIF UREA GRANUL

The most widely used surfactant is an anionic surfactant which is synthesized from petroleum namely Linear Alkylbenzene sulphonate (LABS). Methyl Ester Sulfonate which is currently being developed. Surfactant can produced from palm oil methyl ester via sulfonation sulfonate. When in this research using sodium metabisulphite. The aims of this work is to synthesize Methyl Ester Sulfonate surfactant from Palm Oil Methyl Ester using Sodium Metabisulphite and a catalyst Calcium Oxide. The effects of time and the mole ratio are also investigated. Sulfonation process carried out in 4, 5, 6 hours with mole ratio of 1: 0,5, 1:1, 1: 1,5, temperature of 80° C and with stirring speed of 450 rpm. It haven been found that the surfactant produced has density of (0.89490 g/cm3 - 0.89545 g/cm3), viscosity (2.0323 cP - 2.1329 cP), pH (2,03 - 2,48), surface tension (32.60 mN/m - 33.60 mN/m), interfacial tension (30.45 mN/m - 30.94 mN/m), and the stability emulsion (59.17% - 89, 17%).

Synthesis of methyl ester sulfonate surfactant from palm oil methyl ester by using UV or ozone as an initiator

Methyl ester sulphonate (MES) derived from palm oil is environmental friendly and offers good detergent properties. Although Alpha methyl ester sulphonate (α-MES) has been produced by many producers in detergent industries, it has some problems such as disalt formation and low water solubility. In order to overcome these drawbacks, MES is synthesized via sulphoxidation by using different initiators. Ozone is one of the most interesting agents because of its highly oxidizing power, which can react with organic compound rapidly under mild conditions. In this work, ozone and UV are used as an initiator in order to generate radicals along carbon chain to react with sulphur dioxide and oxygen. The reaction is performed in a photochemical reactor with UVC lamps (253.7 nm). The outlet product is transferred to separation and purification steps by liquid extraction techniques. The obtained products are analysed by FT-IR and ESIMS to confirm MES products. When reaction time is fixed at 4 h, conversions are around 7.5, 6.9 and 13.5 wt% for UV, ozone and UV/ozone systems, respectively.