Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester Research Articles

Effect of nanoparticles on the droplet combustion of rice bran oil biodiesel

The present study is dealt with the phenomenon of combustion for rice bran oil (RBO) methyl ester blends with diesel along with nanoparticles of magnelium. Nanoparticles composition of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 75 ppm are added to blends of B20, B40, and B60 in the study. A conversion rate of 89.64 ± 2.8% is observed during the transesterification reaction performed at 5 wt% of potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst, 10:1 alcohol to oil ratio (methanol), 75 °C reaction temperature, and 60 min reaction time. During the combustion study, few samples displayed the puffing characteristics, which are caused by popping of bubbles at lower pressure. The summary of the present study suggested that blend B20 with 25 ppm nanoparticles has the potential to be used as fuel and further proposed that the fuel will be more economical if the injection droplet diameter is 0.77 mm. Other blends like B20 with 75 ppm are also likely to be used as fuel due to its exhibition of lesser threat towards combustion. Bubble formation followed by micro-explosion is observed in B60 with 25 ppm blend. The present study hoped to enrich future researchers working in similar area for signifying the importance of understanding droplet combustion of biofuels.

Performance And Emission Evaluation Of A Biodiesel (Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester) Fuelled Transportation Diesel Engine With And Without EGR

This research is aimed at finding a sustainable alternate source of energy that can be used as a substitute for conventional fuel sources, which are fast dwindling towards the point of exhaustion. Bio-diesels are viewed as an effective alternate source of energy which can be better than conventional fossil fuels in its performance, combustion and greenhouse gas emission rates. The oil of rice bran methyl ester is used for experimentation. The oil is blended in different ratios with pure diesel in a process known as blending. The various blends are then subjected to performance test in a diesel engine. The biodiesel blends have also been tested for emission properties with and without exhaust gas recirculation. The results reveal that rice bran biodiesel emits less amount of carbon monoxide emissions.

Improvement of Methyl Ester Production through Modified Rice Bran as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

The present research investigated the impact assessment of modified rice bran as a heterogeneous catalyst and production of biodiesel from rice bran oil (RBO). Several variables including temperature, catalyst concentration, amount of methanol and reaction time were optimized in order to produce high quality RBO biodiesel with maximum yield. The results showed that obtained conditions for trans-esterification of RBO with methanol and carbon-based acidic heterogeneous catalyst were 65℃ reaction temperature, 6h reaction time, 10:1 molar ratio of RBO to methanol and 1.5%(w/w) catalyst. The produced rice bran oil methyl ester was suitable to be used as a fuel in engines. Considering the availability and renewability, methyl ester rice bran can be easily produced in large quantities as a sustainable and reliable energy resource for multi-functional applications.

Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Four-Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine by Using Rice Bran Oil as Fuel

This project is presented in context of research project at GITAM University to understand and improve the performance of Diesel engine by using different Blends. Biodiesel was distinguished as a potential option to petrodiesel fuel since it has fuel properties as diesel. Utilization of consumable oils in biodiesel will creates foundations at raise of costs, yet couple of edible oils, for example rice bran oil have prohibitive heating conditions when contrasted with non-edible oil are accessible in a few nations such as soybean oil in USA. Inside this job, the performance examination of single chamber, 4-stroke, and water-cooled diesel engine was done utilizing rice bran oil methyl ester as biodiesel contrasting option to diesel fuel. Trial tests have been directed with scope of engine loads utilizing rice bran oil methyl ester (RBOME) and its diesel mixes with biodiesel in the proportion of B10, B20, B30 and B0 i.e., petrodiesel 100% by volume. In this exploration work, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) are considered as engine execution attributes. The examination revealed that B20 mix of biodiesel has similar brake thermal efficiency as diesel. B20 has most minimal and has most astounding BSFC, BSEC after all the biodiesel mixes. B20R has shown practically identical execution as diesel and it can be considered as other option to diesel fuel.

EMISSION ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCE OF FERROFLUID ON RICE BRAN BIODIESEL

Increase in NOx emission is one of the important drawbacks for using biodiesel as an alternative for petroleum diesel. Several studies had been carried out to reduce the NOx emissions level in biodiesel. The present work is the result of an attempt wherein ferrofluid is added to rice bran oil methyl ester in the way of analyzing its effects on emission characteristics. Magnetite concentrate is exothermic and is known for its characteristics of releasing copious heat at higher temperatures. Nanofluid using magnetite was synthesized by reacting Iron II (FeCl2) and Iron III (FeCl3) in an aqueous ammonia solution to form Magnetite Fe3O4 (Ferro fluid). Release of heat by magnetite during the combustion process would counterbalance the conventional limitations related with biodiesel such as increased delay period, inferior combustion rate and higher NOx emissions etc. Experiments were conducted with Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester (RBOME) and Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester with addition of ferrofluid (RBOMEF) and are compared with petroleum diesel. RBOMEF was prepared comprising 97.7% biodiesel, 2% magnetite based ferrofluid and 0.3 % surfactant by volume was used in a Compression Ignition engine. The experimental analysis found a decrease in HC, CO and NOx emissions of 10.8%, 9.1% and 8.49% respectively.

Comparative study of performance and emissions of a CI engine using biodiesel of microalgae, macroalgae and rice bran

Biodiesel is an alternative and safe fuel to replace conventional petroleum diesel. With high-lubricity and clean-burning ability the biodiesel can be a better fuel component for use in existing diesel engines without any modifications. The aim of this Research was to study the potential use of Macro algae oil, Micro algae oil, Rice Bran oil methyl ester as a substitute for diesel fuel in diesel engine. B10 and B20 blends of these three types of fuels are prepared by transesterification process. The blends on volume basis were used to test them in a four stroke single cylinder diesel engine to study the performance and emission characteristics of these fuels and compared with neat diesel fuel. Also, the property testing of these biofuels were carried out. The biodiesel blends in this study substantially reduces the emission of unburnt hydro carbons and smoke opacity and increases the emission of NOx emission in exhaust gases. These biodiesel blends were consumed more by the engine during testing than Diesel and the brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency for the blends was identical with the Diesel.

Certain investigation in a compression ignition engine using rice bran methyl ester fuel blends with ethanol additive

In this study and analysis, the physical properties such as calorific value, viscosity, flash, and fire point temperatures of rice bran oil methyl ester were found. The rice bran oil biodiesel has been prepared by transesterification process from pure rice bran oil in the presence of methanol and NaOH. Moreover, property enhancement of rice bran oil methyl ester was also made by adding different additives such as ethanol in various proportions. Rice bran oil methyl ester with 1, 3, and 5% ethanol were analyzed for its fuel properties. The effects of diesel-B20ROME blends with ethanol additive of 1, 3, and 5% on a compression ignition engine were examined considering its emissions. It is found that the increase in biodiesel concentration in the fuel blend influences CO2 and NOx emissions. On the other hand CO and HC emissions are reduced. It is interesting to observe the emission as ethanol-B20ROME blends, reduces CO2 and NOx which are the major contributors to global warming. As the NOx and CO2 can be reduced drastically by the proposed blends, the global warming can be reduced considerably.

Development of cooling and cleaning systems for enhanced gas quality for 3.7 kW gasifier-engine integrated system

Energy from biomass based gasifier-engine integrated systems are becoming more popular for power generation applications in rural and urban driven societies. The quality of producer gas from the down draft gasifiers plays a significant role in power generation aspects. During gasification, tar is produced and its magnitude depends on the type of gasification process and biomass feedstock used which can vary from biomass to municipal solid waste (MSW) available. The pollutants generated from gasification include particulate matter, tars, and char and acid gases. A major challenge for commercializing the gasification process is to reduce tar. In order to address these tar related problems a cleaning and cooling system has been developed in house that facilitates tar removal to acceptable levels tolerated by the internal combustion (IC) engine and meets emission standards as well. The main objective of the present work is to reduce tar level and develop control strategies for improving the performance and emission of diesel engines. Results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the dual fuel engine used was increased by 2-4% and tar was reduced from 325 mg/Nm3 in the gasifier to 60-50 mg/Nm3 entering the engine. In addition, the emission levels such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide were reduced comparatively with developed cooling-cleaning system provided in the conventional gasifier-engine system. The biomass consumption rate was 40kg/h. Air and gas flow rates were measured to be 18.8 m3/h and 20.12 kg/h respectively. The temperature of the gas after developed cooling and cleaning system was found to be 34 °C.Keywords: Dual fuel engine, cooling-cleaning system, Rice bran oil methyl ester, tar, performance, emissions

INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF MAGNETITE NANOFLUID ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION PATTERNS OF METHYL ESTERS OF BIO DIESEL

The objective of this work is to reduce viscosity and other related problems associated with biodiesel by adding non polluting additives. Magnetite is chosen as an additive in this work. Significant reason for using magnetite as an additive is that the magnetic nano particles (magnetite) can be collected from exhaust using magnetic billets in the tail pipe. Performance and emission test is carried out in single cylinder compression ignition engine using base and modified fuel and is compared to diesel. Modified fuel consists of 98.5% base fuel (Rice bran oil methyl ester), 1.3% additives (magnetite) and 0.2% surfactant (tri methyl ammonium hydroxide) by volume. The experimental work confirmed that by adding magnetite to methyl esters of rice bran oil enhances the brake thermal efficiency by 4.27% with 5.17% reduction in SFC. In addition, 10.8%, 9.1% and 8.49% reduction in HC, CO and nox emissions is observed respectively.

Factors influencing NOx emission of a stationary diesel engine fuelled with crude rice bran oil methyl ester blend – Taguchi approach

The main objective of this work is to control the NOx emission of a stationary diesel engine fuelled with crude rice bran oil methyl ester blend with less sacrifice on smoke density and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and also to investigate the factors influencing the objective. Fuel injection timing, percentage of exhaust gas recirculation and fuel injection pressure are chosen as the promising factors for the objective and NOx emission, smoke density and BTE are considered as response variables. Tests were conducted as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array and the most influencing factor for each response variable and also the significance of each factor on the same was found out through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Response graph was drawn for each response variable and from the results of response graph and ANOVA the optimum combination of the factor levels in achieving the objective was obtained and the same was confirmed experimentally.

Emission analysis on the influence of magnetite nanofluid on methyl ester in diesel engine

Increase in NOx emission is one of the most important drawbacks for using biodiesel as a potential alternative fuel for petroleum diesel. Many studies have been carried out to reduce the NOx emission level in biodiesel. The present work is the result of an attempt wherein ferrofluid is added with rice bran oil methyl ester in the way of analyzing its effects on emission features. Magnetite concentrate is exothermic and is known for its characteristics of releasing copious heat at higher temperatures. Nanofluid using magnetite is synthesized by reacting Iron II (FeCl2) and Iron III (FeCl3) in an aqueous ammonia solution to form Magnetite Fe3O4 (Ferro fluid). Release of heat by magnetite during the combustion process counterbalance the conventional limitations related with biodiesel such as increased delay period, inferior combustion rate and higher NOx emissions etc. Experiments have been conducted with Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester (RBOME) and Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester with addition of Ferrofluid (RBOMEF) and are compared with petroleum diesel. Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester with addition of Ferrofluid has been prepared comprising 98.7% biodiesel (Rice bran oil methyl ester), 1% magnetite based ferrofluid and 0.3% surfactant by volume is used in a CI engine. The experimental analysis reveals a decrease in HC, CO and NOx emissions of 19 ppm, 0.011% volume and 93 ppm respectively.

Comparative assessment of a biogas run dual fuel diesel engine with rice bran oil methyl ester, pongamia oil methyl ester and palm oil methyl ester as pilot fuels

The present study tries to explore the potential of three different types of biodiesel viz. Rice bran oil methyl ester (RBME), Pongamia oil methyl ester (PME) and Palm oil methyl ester (POME) as pilot fuels for a biogas run dual fuel diesel engine designed for power generation. The results indicated that under dual fuel mode, RBME-biogas produced a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 19.97% in comparison to 18.4% and 17.4% respectively for PME-biogas and POME-biogas at 100% load. The emission study divulged that under dual fuel mode, on an average, there was an increase of CO emission by 25.74% and 32.58% for PME-biogas and POME-biogas, respectively in comparison to RBME-biogas. Furthermore, on an average, the HC emissions for PME-biogas and POME-biogas increased by 11.73% and 16.27%, respectively in comparison to RBME-biogas. On the other hand, on an average, there was a decrease in NOX emission by 5.8% and 14%, respectively for PME-biogas and POME-biogas respectively in comparison to RBME-biogas.

Effect of Combustion Chamber Shapes on the Performance of Duel Fuel Engine Operated on Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester and Producer Gas

Shape of combustion chamber plays a major role in controlling of combustion process and emission mechanisms occurring inside the combustion chamber. To implement ideal combustion chamber facilitates are essential to meet emission norms. In this context, an experimental investigation were carried out on a single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode using Rice bran oil methyl ester (ROME) and Coconut shell wood derived producer gas. ROME is used as a pilot injected fuel which ignites the producer gas and air mixture when subjected to higher compression ratio. In the present work, different combustion chamber shapes were designed and developed by keeping the same compression ratio of existing diesel engine. The engine makes use of the hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC) shape. In order to study the effect of other combustion chamber shapes on the performance of dual fuel engine, Cylindrical (CCC), Trapezoidal (TrCC), and Toroidal combustion chamber (TCC) shapes were used. Various engine parameters such as power, torque, fuel consumption, and exhaust temperature, combustion parameters such as heat release rate, ignition delay, combustion duration, and exhaust emissions such as smoke opacity, hydrocarbon, CO, and NOx, were measured. Results revealed that the TCC shape resulted in overall improved performance with reduced emission levels compared to other shapes tested. Total hydrocarbon emission (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) were also decreased significantly compared to other combustion chambers tested. Results reveal that more information may be positive in terms of improvement in exhaust emissions. Nevertheless, some positive conclusions have been reached for TCC as a result of this work.

Effect of Turbo Charging on the Performance of Dual Fuel (DF) Engine Operated on Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester (RBOME) and Coconut Shell Derived Producer Gas Induction

Producer gas operated diesel/biodiesel dual fuel engines suffer from 20-30% derating due to lowered gas energy content and reduced volumetric efficiency. These drawbacks of dual fuel (DF) engines can be overcome by using a suitable turbocharger (TC) matched to the modified diesel engine. Concept of the turbo-charging is an attractive solution to considerably improve the performance with lower emissions for DF engines. In view of this, comprehensive experimental study was carried out on a diesel engine fitted with TC operated in DF mode using biodiesel of rice bran oil and producer gas derived from Coconut shell induction. From the study it is observed that DF engine could operate at higher loads of 3.33 kW (up to 90% load) compared to normal aspirated (NA) DF engine which operated at 2.96 kW (80% load). Results showed that the turbo-charging facilitated improved performance of TCDF at higher loads with maximum brake thermal efficiency of 22.5% and 10-25% reduced emissions of smoke, HC and CO compared to NADF engine.

Comparison of influencing factors of diesel with crude rice bran oil methyl ester in multi response optimization of NOx emission

The main objective of the present work was to reduce the higher NOx emission of a stationary engine fueled with diesel with less increase in smoke density and compare the results with that of crude rice bran oil methyl ester (CRBME). Design of experiments method was employed to design the experiments and Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array was used to conduct the engine tests. Experiment results were analyzed by calculating multi response signal-to-noise ratio (MRSN) and the optimum combination level of factors for the chosen objective was obtained simultaneously using Taguchi’s parametric design. Variance of the MRSN ratio was analyzed through analysis of variance method and the most influencing factor for the chosen objective was obtained for diesel and compared with CRBME. Confirmation experiment was conducted for the obtained optimum combination level of factors and the results were compared with normal operating conditions.

Biodiesel Production from Unrefined Rice Bran Oil through Three-Stage Transesterification

Unrefined rice bran oil (UNRFRBO) with high free fatty acids (FFA) is used as a source for the production of unrefined rice bran oil methyl ester (UNRFRBOME). Three-stage transesterification process is successfully used. Initially, the FFA of UNRFRBO is reduced to 1% (0.8%) by using two stages esterification process with methanol in the presence of acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst. Finally, biodiesel has produced by alkaline (NaOH) catalyzed transesterification process which has designed according to the central composite design. 90% has obtained at the optimum values of CH3OH (20% v/v of oil), NaOH (1.0% w/v of oil), reaction time (60 minutes) and reaction temperature (55°C to 60°C).

Combined effect of injection timing, EGR and injection pressure in reducing the NOx emission of a biodiesel blend

In this study, an attempt was made to reduce the higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission of a crude rice bran oil methyl ester (CRBME) blend through modification of combustion process by retarding fuel injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation at an increased fuel injection pressure. At modified condition, delay period and peak pressure of CRBME blend were lower than those at normal condition. The occurrence of maximum heat release rate retarded with a higher magnitude when compared with normal condition. Experimental results show that as a result of combustion modification, NOx and carbon monoxide emissions were reduced significantly with marginal increase in smoke density. Brake thermal efficiency and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions of the engine were increased significantly as a result of this modification process. This investigation shows that the NOx emission of a biodiesel blend can be reduced with less sacrifice on smoke density and increase in the brake thermal efficiency by modifying the combustion process.

Combined effect of injection timing, EGR and injection pressure in NOx control of a stationary diesel engine fuelled with crude rice bran oil methyl ester

This work attempts to reduce the NOx emission of crude rice bran oil methyl ester with a marginal increase in smoke density and decrease in brake thermal efficiency in a stationary CI engine. Three factors namely fuel injection timing, quantity of exhaust gases recycled and fuel injection pressures were chosen with three levels and their combined effect were investigated. Experiments were designed by employing design of experiments method and tests were conducted as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Among the three, EGR is the most influencing factor at no load and part load to reduce NOx emission with less influence on smoke density while at full load fuel injection timing is more influential. Optimum combination level of factors was obtained by calculating multi response signal to noise ratio and simultaneously using Taguchi’s parametric design and the obtained combination was confirmed through experiment.

Multi Response Optimization of NOxEmission of a Stationary Diesel Engine Fuelled with Crude Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester

In the present work, an attempt was made to reduce the NO<sub><i>x<i/><sub/> emission of crude rice bran oil methyl ester without any considerable increase in smoke density, when used as a fuel in a stationary CI engine. Three factors namely, fuel injection timing, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and fuel injection pressure were chosen and their combined effect in controlling the NO<sub><i>x<i/><sub/> emission of a stationary Diesel engine fuelled with crude rice bran oil methyl ester was investigated. Three levels were chosen in each factor and NO<sub><i>x<i/><sub/> emission, smoke density and brake thermal efficiency were taken as the response variables. Experiments were designed by employing design of experiments method and Taguchi’s L<sub>9<sub/> orthogonal array was used to conduct the engine tests with different levels of the chosen factors. Multi Response Signal-to-Noise ratio (MRSN) was calculated for the response variables and the optimum combination level of factors was obtained simultaneously using Taguchi’s parametric design. Confirmation experiment was conducted for the obtained optimum combination level of factors and the results were compared with normal operating conditions and significant improvement was observed in the response variables.

Application of Taguchi’s Orthogonal Array in Multi Response Optimization of NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; Emission of Crude Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester Blend as a CI Engine Fuel

In this work an attempt was made to minimize the NOx emission of a crude rice bran oil methyl ester (CRBME) blend with less sacrifice on smoke density and brake thermal efficiency. Three factors namely fuel injection timing, percentage EGR and fuel injection pressure were chosen as the influencing factors for the set objective. Experiments were designed by employing design of experiments method and Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array was used to test the engine. MRSN ratio was calculated for the response variables and the optimum combination level of factors was obtained simultaneously using Taguchi’s parametric design. ANOVA was employed to analyze the variance of MRSN and the most influencing factor for the set objective was taken from the ANOVA table. Obtained combination was confirmed experimentally and significant improvement was observed in the response variables.