Presence Of Methyl Alcohol Research Articles

Green Synthesis of Er-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: An Investigation on the Methylene Blue, Eosin, and Ibuprofen Removal by Photodegradation.

We present a study on the green synthesis of undoped and Er-doped ZnO compounds using Mangifera indica gum (MI). A set of tests were conducted to assess the structure of the material. The tests included X-ray diffraction, Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Optical properties were studied using diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence. Morphological and textural investigations were done using SEM images and N2 adsorption/desorption. Furthermore, photocatalytic tests were performed with methylene blue (MB), yellow eosin (EY), and the pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen (IBU) under UV irradiation. The study demonstrated that replacing the stabilizing agent with Mangifera indica gum is an effective method for obtaining ZnO nanoparticles. Additionally, the energy gap of the nanoparticles exhibits a slight reduction in value. Photoluminescence studies showed the presence of zinc vacancies and other defects in both samples. In the photocatalytic test, the sample containing Er3+ exhibited a degradation of 99.7% for methylene blue, 81.2% for yellow eosin, and 52.3% for ibuprofen over 120 min. In the presence of methyl alcohol, the degradation of MB and EY dyes is 16.7% and 55.7%, respectively. This suggests that hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the direct degradation of both dyes. In addition, after the second reuse, the degradation rate for MB was 94.08%, and for EY, it was 82.35%. For the third reuse, the degradation rate for MB was 97.15%, and for EY, it was 17%. These results indicate the significant potential of the new semiconductor in environmental remediation applications from an ecological synthesis.

Photocatalytic, structural and optical properties of Ce–Ni co-doped ZnO nanodisks-like self-assembled structures

In this work, we present a study on the photocatalytic, structural, and optical properties of Ce–Ni co-doped ZnO nanodisks-like self-assembled structures synthesized by the sol gel process. For all samples, the structural parameters were calculated, and the changes were discussed in terms of dopants, ionic radii and atomic disorder defects. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman spectra validated the hexagonal wurtzite structure formation. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy images certify the nanodisks-like self-assembled structures, while the surface area, experienced an increase with the dopant. The optical band gap decreases, weather Urbach energy increases varying the Ni content. Structural defects were identified and quantified by the photoluminescence spectra deconvolution. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that Ni concentration influence the photocatalytic performance for the Methylene Blue dye (MB) under UV irradiation. Thus, sample containing lower Ni concentration demonstrated greater photocatalytic efficiency (81.3%). In the scavenger test, MB degradation was decreased in the presence of methyl alcohol, indicating that the •OH radicals were the main species involved in pollutant removal. Finally, the MB dye irradiated with the different photocatalysts (ZCN21, ZCN22, or ZCN24) did not show toxicity against Artemia salina. Therefore, the Zn1-x-yCexNiyO compound is promising for environmental remediation.

Xanthobacter oligotrophicus sp.nov., isolated from paper mill sewage.

A novel, aerobic nitrogen-fixing methylotrophic bacterium, strain 29kT, was enriched and isolated from sludge generated during wastewater treatment at a paper mill in Baikal, Russian Federation. Cells were Gram-stain-variable. The cell wall was of the negative Gram-type. Cells were curved oval rod-shaped, 0.5-0.7×1.7-3.4 µm and formed yellow-coloured colonies. Cells tended to be pleomorphic if grown on media containing succinate or coccoid if grown in the presence of methyl alcohol as the sole carbon source. Cells were non-motile, non-spore-forming and contained retractile (polyphosphate) and lipid (poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) bodies. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C18:1 ω7, C19:0 cyclo and C16:0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.95 mol%. Strain 29kT was able to grow at 4-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and at salinities of 0-0.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0% NaCl). Catalase and oxidase were positive. Strain 29kT could grow chemolithoautotrophically in mineral media under an atmosphere of H2, O2 and CO2 as well as chemoorganoheterotrophically on methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol and various organic acids. The carbohydrate utilization spectrum is limited by glucose and raffinose. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the newly isolated strain was a member of the genus Xanthobacter with Xanthobacter autotrophicus 7cT (99.9% similarity) and Xanthobacter viscosus 7dT (99.4 % similarity) as closest relatives among species with validly published names. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of 92.7 and 44.9%, respectively, of the 29kT to the genome of the most closely related species, X. autotrophicus 7cT, were below the species cutoffs. Based on genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species, Xanthobacter oligotrophicus sp. nov. The type strain is 29kT (=KCTC 72777T=VKM B-3453T).

Soybean Oil-based Polyol as a Modified Natural Binder for Polyurethane Turf-adhesive

Polyurethane turf adhesive is a two-component system formed by reacting diisocyante and petroleum-based polyether polyol. This polyol can be replaced by soybean oil as one of the main economical and common oils. In this article, soybean oil was epoxidized followed by oxirane ring-opening in the presence of methyl alcohol and orthophosphoric acid as a catalyst in order to create hydroxyl groups in the soybean oil which are responsible for reaction with the diisocyanate molecules. The epoxidation step was confirmed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and iodine value measurements. Iodine value was decreased from 135.6 g/100 g of neat soybean oil to be 5.98 g/100 g of epoxidized soybean oil. In addition, the effect of orthophosphoric acid contents (0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%) on the ring-opening steps was investigated, considering the same reaction time, the same alcohol concentration and constant temperature. Successful oxirane ring-opening was confirmed by oxirane oxygen content (OOC) values which were decreased from 6.72% to 2.93%, 1.45%, 0.60% & 0.04% respectively. Hydroxyl value of oil-based polyols (OHV) were increased from 131, 180, 208 & 229 mg KOH/g respectively. Meanwhile, ATR-FTIR showed disappearance of the oxirane rings and appearance of hydroxyl groups as indication of polyol formation in the four samples. The four polyol samples were applied as modified natural binders in polyurethane turf adhesive formulations and showed comparable results against the standard and commercially used product SubFix 411.

Influence of chemical structure on physical properties of homogeneously converted (Castor-Linseed) mixed biofuel under optimized conditions

In this study, different mixtures of castor oil and linseed oil were converted into their corresponding biofuel throughout homogeneous catalytic reaction using sodium hydroxide as homogeneous catalyst in the presence of methyl alcohol under optimized condition. The mechanism of the transesterification reaction of the oils was proposed. The physical properties of the obtained biodiesels were determined according to ASTM fuel specification. The results showed that the gradual increase in the abundance of castor oil in the oil mixture from 10% to 90% decreases the most of properties of the obtained biofuels to meet the standard values. The study presented a good sight into the preparation of biodiesels from various types of mixed vegetable oils.

IMPACT OF ETHANOL, METHANOL AND SULFIDES ON THE NITRIFICATION PROCESS OF AMMONIUM IONS IN NATURAL WATERS

This paper includes the results of laboratory modeling of ethyl and methyl alcohol and sulfide ions impact on the biochemical process of ammonium ions nitrification in water from the Dniester River, Palanca village, Stefan Voda district (august 2019). An insignificant influence of ethyl and methyl alcohol (0,5 ml/L) was established in both stages of the process. In the comparison test, the stage NH4 + → NO2 - lasted 12 days, and in the presence of ethyl alcohol - 14 days and in the presence of methyl alcohol - 16 days. The NO2 - → NO3 - stage in the comparison test lasted 16 days and in the presence of ethyl alcohol 2 days less (14 days) and in the presence of methyl alcohol - 16 days, so without any influence. The study showed a significant influence of sulfur ion in both stages at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L with and without the presence of ethyl and methyl alcohol. In the comparison test, the NH4 + → NO2 - stage lasted 12 days, in the presence of the S2- ion it lasted 18 days, and in the presence of alcohols and sulfur ion - more than 20 days, the synergism of the impact being obvious. In the NO2 - → NO3 - step of the process for 20 days the NO2 - concentration did not decrease in the presence of the S2- ion, and in the presence of ethyl, methyl alcohol and S2- only 15-35% of the NO2 - ions were oxidized, in comparison with the witness test.

AROMATIC PROFILE OF RED WINES FROM GRAPEVINE VARIETIES RUBIN, STORGOZIA, BOUQUET, TRAPEZITSA, KAYLASHKY RUBIN AND PINOT NOIR, CULTIVATED IN THE REGION OF CENTRAL NORTHERN BULGARIA

The objective of this study was to determine the aromatic profile of red wines obtained from Rubin, Storgozia, Bouquet, Trapezitsa, Kaylashky Rubin and Pinot Noir varieties from the region of Central Northern Bulgaria. First five varieties are hybrids selected in the Institute of Viticulture and Enology (IVE). Pinot Noir was used for control. GC-FID study for determination of the aromatic profile of red wines from proposed varieties was conducted. Twenty four volatile compounds were identified: 9 esters, 8 higher alcohols, 1 aldehyde, 5 terpene alcohols. The presence of methyl alcohol in all wines were found. Its concentrations were normal for red wines. The highest total content of volatile compounds was found in the wine from Kailashky Rubin variety (693.97 mg.dm-3). The ester fraction was dominated by ethyl acetate. The highest total ester content was found in the wine from Pinot Noir variety (204.08 mg.dm-3). It was followed by the wine from Bouquet variety (195.75 mg.dm-3). Acetaldehyde was the major established aldehyde. It was found in the largest quantity in the wine from Trapezitsa variety (87.44 mg.dm-3). 2-methyl-1-butanol (active amyl alcohol) and 3-methyl-1-butanol (isoamyl alcohol) were found in the highest content from the higher alcohols fraction. The highest total content of higher alcohols was found in the wine from Rubin variety (379.38 mg.dm-3). Five terpene alcohols were identified in the wines. Geraniol was presented in all examined wines. An extensive aromatic characterization by gas chromatographic analysis of red wines obtained from grapevine varieties selected in the Republic of Bulgaria was carried out. The research proves that the red wines obtained in the conditions of Central Northern Bulgaria were characterized by a complex aromatic composition due to the presence of different esters, higher alcohols and terpenes.

Environmental effects of adding aluminum oxide nano-additives on diesel engine fueled with pyrolyzed biomass oil–​diesel blends

ABSTRACTThe present study focuses on the investigation of environmental effects of adding aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles as nano-additive in diesel-pyrolyzed biomass oil (PBO) blends. The PBO was extracted from jatropha seeds through the catalytic pyrolysis process at a temperature ranging from 450°C to 550°C. The esterification of PBO has been carried out using a catalyst in the presence of methyl alcohol to improve its physical properties and quality. The Al2O3 nano-additives were dispersed into PBO20 (20% of PBO and 80% of diesel) and PBO40 (40% of PBO and 60% of diesel) blends with a concentration of 50 ppm. The physical properties of test fuel blends were measured and compared with diesel. The engine emission tests were carried out using these blends at a constant speed of 1500 rpm by varying the load. The emission constituents such as CO, HC, and smoke were reduced. However, the emissions like CO2 and NO were increased by the addition of nano-additives compared to diesel.

Acylation of D-Glucose Derivatives over C5H5N: Spectral Characterization and in vitro Antibacterial Activities

Methyl α-D-glucopyranoside was easily prepared by the treatment of D-glucose with anhydrous methyl alcohol in presence of hydrogen chloride at freezing temperature in good yield. Then N-acetylsulfanilylation of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside has been carried out by the direct method and afforded the 6-O-N-acetylsulfanilyl derivative in an excellent yield. In order to obtain newer products, the 6-O-N-acetylsulfanilyl derivative was further transformed to a series of 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl derivatives containing a wide variety of functionalities in a single molecular framework. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), H-NMR (Proton nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy elemental and physicochemical properties analysis. All the newly synthesized D-glucose derivatives were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity against some human pathogenic bacterial strains. The study revealed that a good number of acylated products exhibited promising antibacterial activities. It is expected that the acylated derivatives of D-glucose may be considered as a potential source for developing new and better antibacterial agents against a number of pathogenic organism.

Treatment of clay with KF: New solid catalyst for biodiesel production

A novel solid catalyst with basic properties was developed from untreated smectite chemically modified by treatment with potassium fluoride, resulting in a material with excellent stability and high catalytic activity in the conversion of soybean oil into biodiesel in the presence of methyl alcohol. The percentage of conversion into methyl esters of 99.7% was obtained under conditions of 1h of reaction time at 338K, 15wt.% catalyst and molar ratio of methanol/oil of 6:1. A concomitant study was made to evaluate the effect of the mineralogical composition of the untreated clay on the properties of the catalysts and their performance in the transesterification reaction.

The occurrence of methyl compounds in galenicals.

Summary The presence of methyl alcohol in galenicals in more than traces is recorded and previous observations confirmed. The source of the methyl alcohol in senega preparations has been closely investigated. The method of the British Pharmacopæia for alcohol content has been shown to be the main contributory cause of the production of methyl alcohol by acid hydrolysis of the senega extractives. In these and other galenicals some preformed methyl alcohol is present. We wish to express our thanks to Mr. D. A. Hughes for his co-operation in the preparation of samples for examination, and to the Directors of Boots Pure Drug Co., Ltd., for permission to publish this work.

Liquid fuel from waste polyolefins: Part II. Thermal and pressure degradation of waste polyolefins in the presence of methyl alcohol

In the paper, the study on co-decomposition of polyolefins and thermally unstable methyl alcohol is presented. The process temperature was maintained above 400 °C. The pressure at the end of process, depending on the feed composition, was 3–25 MPa. In the first variant, the raw material was polyolefin product, in the form of solidifying liquid, previously partially decomposed. Basing on the satisfactory results regarding the methanol influence on the quality of obtained liquid fractions, extended technological concepts were proposed, in which also solid waste polyolefins can be used without the phase of previous thermocatalytic decomposition. Dissolution of raw polymer is facilitated by paraffin oil addition. The only disadvantage is a large fraction of sulphur, purposely introduced in case of methods that use technological oil. In the last case, waste polyolefins were used, but without oil type additions. Although the efficiency of the liquid product is not as high as in oil technologies, the fractions with satisfactory results are obtained. The results show decomposition of polymer bonds with a simultaneous hydroconversion of unsaturated structures.

Photodissociation of organic molecules in star-forming regions

The presence of methyl alcohol or methanol (CH 3 OH) in several astrophysical environments has been characterized by its high abundance that depends on both the production late and the destruction rate. In the present work, the photoionization and photodissociation processes of methanol have been experimentally studied, employing soft X-ray photons (100-310 eV) from a toroidal grating monochromator (TGM) beamline of the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Mass spectra were obtained using the photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) method. Kinetic energy distribution and abundances for each ionic fragment have been obtained from the analysis of the corresponding peak shapes in the mass spectra. Absolute photoionization and photodissociation cross sections were also determined. We have found, among the channels leading to ionization, about 11-16% of CH 3 OH survive the soft X-rays photons. This behavior, together with an efficient formation pathways, may be associated with the high column density observed in star-forming regions. The three main photodissociation pathways are represented by COH + (or HCO + ) ion release (with ejection of H 2 + H), the dissociation via C-O bond rupture (with strong charge retention preferentially on the methyl fragment) and the ejection of a single energetic (2-4 eV) proton. Since methanol is very abundant in star forming regions, the produced protons could be an alternative route to molecular hydrogenation or a trigger for secondary dissociation processes or even to promote extra heating of the environment.

The corrosion rate of a zinc/steel rotating cylinder in a saline water and saline water‐alcohol environment

PurposeTo study the effect of rotation of a zinc/steel cylinder couple on the rate of galvanic corrosion in saline water and a saline water methyl alcohol system.Design/methodology/approachThe weight loss technique was used for calculating the rate of corrosion. variables such as cylinder rotational speed, salt concentration, alcohol volume percentage, and zinc/steel ratio were studied.FindingsThe relationship of turbulence and the rate of corrosion were found to fit the equation R=aRe 0.27. The presence of methyl alcohol in a saline water system decreased the rate of corrosion between 58 and 72 percent for a volume percentage of alcohol from 20 to 70 percent.Originality/valueThis paper explains the mechanism of galvanic corrosion for a zinc/steel cylinder couple in the turbulent region for saline water and saline water‐alcohol systems.

ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF TERTIAY AMINE BY THE USE OF ESTERS OF CARBOXYLIC ACID

AbstractCarbonsäureester (I) können wie Alkylhalogenide als Alkylierungsmittel für tertiäre Amine (II) verwendet werden.

Kinetics of catalytic esterification of terephthalic acid with methanol vapour

This paper describes the investigations carried out on the kinetics of the solid-gas reaction between terephthalic acid and methyl alcohol in presence of phosphoric acid as the catalyst. As phosphoric acid itself reacts with the alcohol forming methyl phosphates, the kinetic data obtained have been analysed taking this reaction into account. The rate of formation of monomethyl phosphate has been found to be proportional to the square of the mole fraction of the acid present at any instant. The activation energy involved in this reaction is 11.3 kcal/g mole. The data obtained on terephthalic acid esterification show that; (i) the conversion sharply increases with an increase in the catalyst concentration between 30–35 per cent (w/w), (ii) the ‘shrinking particle’ model, proposed by Levenspiel for solid-gas reactions, can be conveniently adapted to represent the reaction, and (iii) the temperature dependency of the reaction follows the Arrhenius law, with activation energy being 11.5 kcal/g mole.

Optimization of hydrolytic decomposition of 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane to 3-methylbutane-1,3-diol under isobutylene pressures by statistical planning of the experiment

To displace the equilibrium in the direction of diol formation, the formaldehyde separated in the reaction should be combined. Farberov and Shemyakin [3] hydrolysed dioxane in the presence of methyl alcohol which with formaldehyde gave methylal distilled from the reaction zone. Diol yield was under 50% calculated on the dioxane taken. In this s tudy hydrolysis of 4,4-dimethyl-l,3-dioxane was carried out under pressure of isobutylene reacting with formaldehyde and forming dio-

THE REACTION OF METHYL RADICALS WITH METHYL ALCOHOL

The photolysis of acetone in the presence of methyl alcohol and of methyl-d3 alcohol has been studied between 406 and 472° K. The rates and Arrhenius parameters for the following abstraction reactions have been determined:[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]At 182 °C the rate of reaction [b] is found to be approximately four times greater than the rate of reaction [c].

The fractionation of lanolin with urea

SummaryA fractionation of lanolin was effected by contacting lanolin with urea in the presence of methyl alcohol. About 6–8% of the lanolin formed a urea adduct which, upon decomposition, yielded a hard, nontacky wax fraction. In addition to the wax fraction, a fluid fraction and a sticky semi‐solid were also obtained. The latter two fractions were obtained by the solvent extraction of the nonadduct‐forming material from the urea adducts.The fluid fraction, obtained in 71% yield, is a viscous liquid at room temperature. The fluid properties of the fraction can be improved by acetylation.

Carbonylation of para dichlorobenzene

1. It was established that terephthalic and para-chlorobenzoic acids are formed in the carbonylation of para-dichlorobenzene in the presence of nickel catalysts. It was shown that under the optimum conditions the yields of terephthalic acid reached 25%, and those of para-para-chlorobenzoic acid-80% of theoretical. 2. It was shown that dimethyl terephthalate is formed in yields up to 67% of theoretical in the subsequent carbonylation of para-chlorobenzoic acid in the presence of methyl alcohol. 3. A supposition was made that the carbonylation of para-dichlorobenzene has a stepwise nature, in which para-chlorobenzoic acid is the intermediate product in the formation of terephthalic acid.