System Analysis Method Research Articles

Characterization of Polyallylamine/Polystyrene Sulfonate Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Formed on Solid Cores: Morphology

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules (PMC) based on polyallylamine and polystyrene sulfonate are utilized in various fields of human activity, including medicine, textiles, and the food industry, among others. However, characteristics such as microcapsule size, shell thickness, and pore size are not sufficiently studied and systematized, even though they determine the possibility of using microcapsules in applied tasks. The aim of this review is to identify general patterns and gaps in the study of the morphology of polyelectrolyte microcapsules obtained by the alternate adsorption of polystyrene sulfonate and polyallylamine on different solid cores. First and foremost, it was found that the morphological change in polyelectrolyte microcapsules formed on different cores exhibits a significant difference in response to varying stimuli. Factors such as ionic strength, the acidity of the medium, and temperature have different effects on the size of the microcapsules, the thickness of their shells, and the number and size of their pores. At present, the morphology of the microcapsules formed on the melamine formaldehyde core has been most studied, while the morphology of microcapsules formed on other types of cores is scarcely studied. In addition, modern methods of nanoscale system analysis will allow for an objective assessment of PMC characteristics and provide a fresh perspective on the subject of research.

Application of Computational Law and Artificial Intelligence Methods for Sharia Compliance Analysis of E-Waste Management Systems Based on Blockchain

This paper aims to 1) develop a methodology using computational law and blockchain technology to ensure Sharia compliance in e-waste management systems; 2) propose a conceptual model for a Sharia blockchain platform enabling compliance monitoring and verification; and 3) formulate recommendations to facilitate real-world implementation. The study employs a conceptual approach using inductive analysis of Sharia principles, deductive reasoning, and systems modeling to formulate design requirements and components for a blockchain platform that can enable transparent, tamper-proof monitoring and control of e-waste handling in accordance with Islamic law. Firstly, analysis reveals five key criteria for Sharia compliance in e-waste management and how blockchain, smart contracts, and AI can address these. A comprehensive compliance assurance methodology leveraging these technologies is proposed. Secondly, a conceptual model is delineated for a multipurpose Sharia blockchain platform encompassing consensus, cryptography, smart contract rule engines, and AI analytics. Thirdly, recommendations are synthesized covering technological, regulatory, economic, infrastructure, and social factors needed to enable real-world implementation. This pioneering research bridges Sharia law, sustainability, and emerging technologies to offer culturally attuned e-waste management solutions. The methodology, conceptual models, and practical framework devised inform development of next-generation systems for values-aligned compliance assurance, with potential impact extending beyond the realm of e-waste contexts.

Development of controller for position sensor on the base of sine-cosine rotary transformer

Background: Sine-cosine rotary transformers, being electromechanical position sensors, have a relatively high accuracy and resistance to harsh operating conditions, which makes them attractive for use in automotive technique and equipment installed on its base. To generate excitation voltages, process measuring signals and calculate, depending on them, the angular position of the axis on which such a sensor is installed, special controllers with software and hardware implementation are designed. Aims: The development of software and hardware for a controller of position sensor which is based on a sine-cosine rotary transformer in the amplitude mode. Methods and materials: Taking into account electromagnetic processes on which the operation of a sine-cosine rotary transformer in the amplitude mode is based, methods of system analysis, methods of developing and debugging software, methods of experimental researches and processing their results were applied. Results: A detailed description of the controller of a sine-cosine rotary transformer in amplitude mode is given, as well as its implementation using microprocessor technology and specialized tools for generating, capturing and processing signals. The structure of the controller software is given, as well as technical solutions are described aimed at improving the accuracy of measuring the angular position and the rational implementation of computational processes. The results of the experimental researches illustrate the achievement of the given purpose. Conclusion: The development of a controller for a sine-cosine rotary transformer in the amplitude mode required the detailed consideration and coordination of electromagnetic, electrical and computational processes, as well as the use of various technical solutions aimed at improving the accuracy of measuring the angular position. The results obtained can be applied in the development of controllers for various electromechanical position sensors.

Трансформация советской системы образования в 1920–1930-е гг. (на примере Саратова)

During the 1920–1930s, the young Soviet state faced numerous challenges, including the establishment of new governmental bodies and the development of an educational model aimed at fostering citizens with Soviet consciousness. However, the almost total illiteracy of the country’s population at that time brought to the forefront the urgent need for the development of campaign against illiteracy. Saratov, as one of the largest cities in the Volga region, was no exception in this regard. Based on the analysis of archival materials and published sources, application of methods of system, statistical and structural analysis, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that as part of the campaign against illiteracy in Saratov in the 1920–1930s, a modern model of education was created, consisting of secondary mass schools, vocational and higher education. By establishing a comprehensive educational framework, including primary schooling and pathways to vocational and higher education, Saratov played a vital role in advancing the Soviet agenda of literacy and ideological indoctrination. Furthermore, the case of Saratov underscores the complex interplay between educational policy, societal needs, and political imperatives in shaping the trajectory of educational development in the early Soviet era. Moving forward, continued research into local initiatives and their broader implications for national educational strategies will deepen our understanding of the dynamic evolution of education in the Soviet Union.

ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SUPPORT FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES

The article assesses the effectiveness of state support policies for small businesses in conditions of federal budget deficit in the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is a methodology to assess the effectiveness of supporting small and medium-sized businesses. The purpose of the study is to develop a system to evaluate the effectiveness of state support for SMEs. The objectives of the study: to analyze the approaches to assess the effectiveness in Russia at large and abroad, to assess the effectiveness of state support measures for SMEs in Russia and abroad, to propose their own options for assessing the effectiveness of support measures, to present the practical application of the proposed methods. Research methodology: methods of system analysis, generalization, systematization, methods of statistical, dynamic, structural and comparative analysis. Research results: the article develops a system to evaluate the effectiveness of state support for small businesses, which includes several main indicators for evaluating the effectiveness (survival rate of recipients of state support by year; dynamics of average income; dynamics of the average number of employed; dynamics of the average amount of taxes paid by SMEs), as well as an algorithm to conduct an assessment based on a comparison of selected indicators for a group of SMEs that received support with indicators of small and medium-sized enterprises that were not participants in the relevant government programs. Using the proposed assessment system based on the statistical data of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation, an analysis of the effectiveness of state support measures for SMEs in general and in the context of individual forms of support in the period 2019- 2022 was carried out. Based on the significant deviation of the selected indicators of SME recipients of support from the average values in the whole SME sector (and/or in relation to SMEs that did not receive support), a conclusion is made about the high efficiency of state support for SMEs. It is also established that the impact of various forms of state support on the functioning of SMEs is different.

ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY AND LEGAL SUPPORT FOR THE PREVENTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN

Diabetes mellitus has become one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood today. International forecasts suggest that the incidence of diabetes will continue to rise in the coming decades, leading to a lifelong burden for millions of children worldwide. Therefore, prediction, prevention, and optimal treatment of diabetes, as well as early prevention of serious long-term complications, remain essential. Providing highly qualified medical care to diabetic patients is a crucial step in preventing the development of complications. The purpose of this article is to review existing research on diabetes prevention strategies for children, considering the different levels of medical care support available. Materials and Methods. This study investigates the organization of preventive care for children with diabetes in Ukraine. Researchers employed three key methods: bibliosemantic analysis, content analysis focused on analyzing Ukraine relevant regulations and legal frameworks, and the method of systemic approach and analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of how preventive care is currently organized for children with diabetes in Ukraine. Results. In Ukraine, preventive measures and the provision of medical care to pediatric patients with diabetes in the past years and today are regulated by a number of documents and orders of the Ministry of Health. As part of the Comprehensive Program “Diabetes Mellitus” (1999) and in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine “On Improving the Organization of Providing Endocrinological Care to the Population of Ukraine” (2006), the State Register of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (SYNADIAB) was created. The next step was the approval of the State Target Program “Diabetes Mellitus”. Subsequently, the Project of the national program “Health 2020: Ukrainian Dimension” became an effective tool, which outlined the main principles of the program implementation in the “Endocrinology” section for 2013-2020. It defined measures at all stages of diabetes prevention, such as primary prevention, which consists of maintaining and strengthening the general state of health and preventing or delaying the development of diabetes; secondary prevention should improve early detection of diabetes mellitus; tertiary prevention, which ensures the effectiveness and safety of treatment of children with diabetes to prevent the development of long-term complications. Today, the guidelines for the management of children with diabetes mellitus have been continued in such documents as “Diabetes Mellitus in Children”, Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines (2023) and Standards of Care (2023). Conclusion. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that ranks third in prevalence after cardiovascular and cancerous diseases and second in the structure of endocrine diseases after thyroid gland pathology. Today, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among children is constantly increasing and, therefore, solving the issues associated with this disease is one of the priority tasks for the national health care system. This is because diabetes mellitus is associated with a high risk of complications leading to loss of work capacity, disability, and mortality across various population groups. Organizing high-quality medical care and establishing an effective prevention system based on the latest medical technologies is crucial. Diabetes demands attention. Understanding the risks and prevention of the disease can significantly increase the chances of protection and a long, healthy life through timely treatment.

Structural Changes in the Dynamics of China’s Exports and Imports

The economic policy pursued has turned China into a major trading power. In terms of GDP, the Chinese economy has been the first economy in the world for a number of recent years; China’s rapidly growing trade flows have made it the largest trading partner for many countries. Over the past twenty years there has been rapid growth in exports and imports. The article puts forward a hypothesis about the presence of structural instability in the dynamics of Chinese exports for the period from 2000 to 2020. The hypothesis was confirmed and two periods were identified in the dynamics of exports and imports with different natures of the main development trend: from 2000 to 2008 and from 2009 to 2020. For each stage, trend equations were selected that describe the dynamics of exports and imports and an interval forecast of indexes for 2021 was made. Materials and methods. During the work, dynamic, structural analysis of analytical and statistical information was used; methods of analytical, logical, systemic, correlation and regression analysis were used, as well as analysis of structural changes. The analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program.Results. A change in the value of the import coverage ratio by exports was revealed before and after structural changes in the dynamics of the main foreign economic indexes and an assessment of their statistical significance was given. An analysis of the influence of export dynamics on GDP dynamics was carried out and it was found that before structural changes, the influence of export dynamics on GDP dynamics was statistically insignificant, and after a structural change, export dynamics began to have a direct impact on changes in China’s GDP. Conclusion. Analysis of official statistical data on the main indexes of China’s foreign economic activity for the period from 2000 to 2020 allowed us to note that the volume of Chinese exports increased over the period 2010-2019 from $1.58 trillion in 2010 (10.34% of global exports), to $2.50 trillion in 2019 (12.81% of global exports). In 2019, China continued to rank first in terms of export value among all countries in the world. Despite the challenging year of 2020, China’s exports reached almost 2.6 trillion US dollars and increased by 4% compared to 2019.China also occupies a leading position in the export of high-tech goods - their volume is 731.9 billion US dollars, the share of exports in the global volume is 25%. At the same time, the dynamics of Chinese exports for the period from 2000 to 2020 was heterogeneous and characterized by structural instability. Two stages can be distinguished with different characteristics of the main development trend: from 2000 to 2008 and from 2009 to 2020. Based on this, the authors came to the conclusion that to describe the main trend in the development of export and import dynamics for the period from 2000 to 2008, the exponential model is best suited. To describe the main trend in the development of export and import dynamics in the period from 2009 to 2020 - logarithmic model. A study of the consistency of changes in export and import volumes showed that in the period from 2009 to 2020 was characterized by greater consistency in China’s main foreign trade flows than the period from 2000 to 2008. In the period before the structural change in the dynamics of exports and imports, the coverage ratio varied from 105.7% to 127.6%; in the period after the structural change, the coverage ratio changed from 108.9% to 135.4%.Checking the statistical significance of the differences in the coefficient of coverage of imports by exports before and after the structural change showed that the differences are not statistically significant. In the period from 2000 to 2008 the dynamics of China’s exports did not have a statistically significant impact on the dynamics of the country’s GDP. From 2009 to 2020 after structural changes in the nature of the dynamics of the main indexes of China’s foreign trade, changes in exports began to have a statistically significant impact on the dynamics of GDP. A 1% increase in China’s exports now results in a 0.25% increase in GDP.The practical significance of the paper is determined by the developed methodology for analyzing structural changes in the dynamics of exports and imports, examined using the example of China.

Sustainable Renewable Energy Resources in Comoros Islands

The use of energy resources around the world is huge debate particularly in Comoros Islands. All countries are trying to find the energy resources that an efficiency, sufficiency, and environment clean. These paper aimed to discuss four biggest energies resources namely: Geothermal power, solar power, hydro power, and wind power. The study have two objectives namely: to access the merits of mentioned energy resource and second objective is to access the demerits of mentioned energy resources. The study use systematic comprehensive analysis method to gather the secondary data. The findings showing the best energy resources in Comoros Islands. The paper recommend that investors should select the best energy resources which is compatible with Comoros islands context. Moreover, to prepare the technicians for renewable energy resources technologies. The last recommendation promoting partnership and regulate the national energy resources policy for betterment of existing and future generation development of Comoros people. The paper concluded the Comoros Islands have various opportunities on their different renewable energy resources. Knowing that the economy of a country depends exclusively on a stable energy source, then we can say that the Comoros have an advantage from their multitude of choices on their multiple natural and renewable energy sources.

SOCIAL WORK WITH NATIONAL MINORITIES: US EXPERIENCE

SOCIAL WORK WITH NATIONAL MINORITIES: US EXPERIENCE

Asymmetry of the economic development of the Eurasian Economic Union: analysis and recommendations

The article analyses the asymmetry of the development of the Eurasian Economic Union countries (hereinafter referred to as the EAEU). The objective of the work is to analyse the symmetrical development of countries within the framework of the EAEU and to formulate measures and recommendations for increase of the economic potential of the countries. In order to achieve the purpose, the objective of comparative assessment on the basis of three indicators was set and overcome. The three indicators include gross domestic product per capita, investments per capita and average accrued salary. The corresponding calculations were done for each indicator, and graphs were constructed showing the general state of the economic development. During the study, the methods of factor and system analysis were applied. The initial data for the study were the official sources of the statistical authorities of the EAEU countries, the Interstate Statistical Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States as well as publications and scientific articles related to this topic. The main problem is the uneven economic development of the EAEU member states which leads to negative consequences for strengthening the integration process. As a result of the study, some measures were proposed to achieve the symmetrical development of the countries within the framework of the EAEU, and recommendations were prepared for the effective development of interaction between the member countries of the integration association. Following the results of this work, a conclusion was formulated on strengthening ties between the countries by focusing on a mixed economy with government regulation, infrastructure development and increased investment activity.

Analysis of local anesthetics side effects and determination of ways for their minimization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the development of side effects of drugs is one of the serious medical problems.The relevance of this problem is proven by numerous statistical data obtained in different countries of the world. The aim of the study was to determine the assortment of local anesthetics (LAs) on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, to analyze the evidence base of the effectiveness and safety of modern LAs, to monitor the side effects (SEs) of LAs in Kharkiv and Kharkiv region for the period 2018–2021, and to provide recommendations for their minimization. The methods of passive pharmacovigilance, method of spontaneous reports, method of system approach and system analysis were used in the study. To analyze the clinical effectiveness and conditions of rational use of LAs, well-known data bases were used: Cochrane Library, Trip Database, and PubMed. These databases contain systematized primary or secondary information on a specific clinical issue: the effectiveness and safety of various medical technologies. The results of the analysis of the assortment of LAs on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine showed that in 2023, based on 9 international non-patented names of LAs, 65 trade names were presented. Bupivacaine and procaine drugs (16 trade names each) and articaine drugs in combinations (13 trade names) are market leaders. The results of the analysis of notification cards with cases of SEs for 4 years revealed that the majority of them in the form of dizziness, weakness, changes in blood pressure, heart rate, edema, itching, hyperemia at the site of application were recorded when using lidocaine drugs, which are the most in demand and popular among doctors. According to the data of systematic reviews, the main directions for reducing the side effects of LAs have been established, such as administration under ultrasound control, the use of the least toxic modern anesthetics ropivacaine and levobupivacaine (not available on the Ukrainian market), the addition of substances with vasoconstrictive properties to the anesthetic solution, the use of combinations of long-acting and short-acting anesthetics. The results obtained can be used by practicing doctors and health care organizers to optimize LAs.

PRACTICE OF USING IMPLANTS IN GYNECOLOGICAL SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS (SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE REVIEW)

Introduction. The use of implants during surgical interventions in gynecology can contribute to the anatomical restoration of the genital organs. The most commonly used implants in gynecology are polypropylene meshes, which promote tissue ingrowth, thus restoring reproductive organs. One of the reasons for using implants in gynecology is pelvic organ prolapse, including uterine prolapse, anterior or posterior vaginal wall prolapse, and vaginal vault prolapse. Synthetic implants are often utilized to reinforce surgical interventions for gynecological disorders, with better indicators of anatomical success in the long term. The aim of the research is to investigate the biomechanical properties of implants in gynecology as effective means for the surgical restoration of female reproductive organs. Materials and methods. Bibliosemantic, comparative, and systematic analysis methods were employed. The proposed recommendations were developed based on the analysis of contemporary literature, results of randomized trials, and meta-analyses dedicated to studying the impact of implants in surgical interventions in gynecological practice. Results. The analyzed results indicate that the optimal supportive framework of implants for gynecological surgery, particularly in the treatment of prolapse, should aim to facilitate the formation of a new matrix for fascial reinforcement, thereby minimizing the development of scar tissue. Conclusions. The primary objective of using implants in gynecological surgical interventions is to search for optimal designs to complement vaginal surgery. This is essential for prolonging treatment outcomes, increasing patient satisfaction, and reducing complications.

NEW SPHERE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY KNOWLEDGE "ONE HEALTH": SCIENTIFIC ORIENTATION AND EDUCATIONAL CONTENT

The aim of the study. Based on the analysis of the sources of scientific information, scientific and methodical approaches of the "One Health" concept, justify and develop the "One Health" certificate program for training and continuous professional development of specialists in the field of public health in order to solve complex interdisciplinary problems in the health care field. Materials and methods. The methods of system approach and system analysis, bibliosemantic, historical method, comparative analysis and conceptual modelling were used. Research results and discussion. Taking into account world experience, the joint efforts of the leading scientific and pedagogical staff of the departments of the Bogomolets National Medical University, certificate program "One Health" was created for the training and re-training of public health specialists, which consists of 5 interrelated content modules: Zooanthroponous and transmissible infectious diseases: new, traditional, imported; Food safety and one health in the "human-animal-plant-environment" system; Contribution to changes in the one health by industrial activity and environmental pollution; Climate changes on planet Earth in the context of impact on one health; The problem of resistance to antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of humans and animals and its consequences. The new educational program is aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of the population (with the joint efforts of health care systems, veterinary medicine, the State Service of Ukraine On Food Safety And Consumer Protection (SSUFSCP), the phytosanitary service and the State Environmental inspectorate of Ukraine). Conclusions. Training under the certificate program will allow students to learn the concept of "One Health", to form an understanding of the cooperation of WHO, FAO, UNEP and WOAH in the context of "human-animal-plant-environment", aimed at the integration and practical implementation of "One Health" concept on a global, regional and national levels.

The Influence of Information Cooperation in Central Asia on the Interests and Foreign Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract This article examines how information cooperation influences Kazakhstan’s foreign policy. Through systematic analysis and comparison methods, this article identifies key trends and differences in information cooperation among Central Asian countries. Strengthening regional contacts and Kazakhstan’s engagement in international organizations emerge as pivotal outcomes of this interaction. Diplomatic services, regional initiatives, media projects, and cybercrime counteraction play essential roles in creating a modern information landscape in Kazakhstan. This research provides a foundation for future studies on information cooperation in Central Asia and its broader international implications.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЦИФРОВЫХ ВАЛЮТ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫХ БАНКОВ

The global economy is constantly changing. The spread of "digital" technologies sooner or later had to affect the evolution of money. If the emergence of cryptocurrencies is considered as an attempt by individuals and companies to get away from state payment systems, then digital currencies of central banks or Central securities are an asymmetric response of the state to the development of cryptocurrencies. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the introduction and use of digital currencies by central banks. The object of research: digital currencies. Subject of research: digital currencies of central banks. Methodology: Using the method of systematic analysis of scientific sources and regulatory documents regulating the scope of digital currencies, the trends of digital currencies and the transformation of the payment system, which are relevant today, were investigated. Result: It should be noted that the synchronous decision of almost all Central Banks in the world to accelerate the introduction of central securities for domestic and international settlements confirms the approach according to which, when analyzing relations between countries, more attention should be paid to real economic ties and processes, rather than declared statements.

ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТКУ ІНСТИТУТУ ПРОБАЦІЇ

The problem of the need to reduce the number of people in prisons, crime prevention, and effective correction of convicts has existed for a long time. In order to solve these issues, probation has been in operation for a long time in many countries of the world, in particular in the countries of the European Union. The rehabilitative aspect of probation deserves special attention: in its application, the main goal is not punishment, but social reintegration into society and correction of convicts. The purpose of the article is to study the foreign experience of the formation and development of the institution of probation as an active and progressive system of execution of punishments. The article used the methods of observation, comparison, generalization, scientific abstraction, and system analysis. Ukraine should take into account the experience of Estonia, Spain, and Portugal in the field of electronic monitoring. This type of probation measure in these countries has already proven its effectiveness, helped to save budget funds (the amount spent on electronic monitoring is much less than the amount of money spent on keeping a person in prison), and also allowed to reduce the number of people who are in prisons. The practical value of the article lies in the study and systematization of foreign experience of criminal legal measures not related to the isolation of offenders from society. The possibility and expediency of borrowing, as well as the introduction of mechanisms of such interaction in the crime prevention system in Ukraine, were analyzed. Foreign experience shows that the introduction of the probation service is an important factor that has a positive impact on society. Restorative justice programs are an effective component of probation services: they have an educational impact on the offender, prevention of repeated offenses, and promotion of social adaptation and reintegration of offenders into society. Key words: foreign experience; institute of probation; offenders; punishment; society; system of execution of punishments.

Application of artificial intelligence in mine ventilation: a brief review.

In recent years, there has been a notable integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into mine ventilation systems. A mine ventilation network presents a complex system with numerous interconnected processes, some of which pose challenges for deterministic simulation methods. The utilization of machine learning techniques and evolutionary algorithms offers a promising avenue to address these complexities, resulting in enhanced monitoring and control of air parameter distribution within the ventilation network. These methods facilitate the timely identification of resistance faults and enable prompt calculation of ventilation parameters during emergency scenarios, such as underground explosions and fires. Furthermore, evolutionary algorithms play a crucial role in the advancement of methods for visual analysis of ventilation systems. However, it is essential to acknowledge that the current utilization of AI technologies in mine ventilation is limited and does not encompass the full spectrum of challenging-to-formalize problems. Promising areas for AI application include analyzing changes in air distribution caused by unaccounted thermal draft and gas pressure, as well as developing novel approaches for calculating shock losses. Moreover, the application of AI technologies in optimizing large-scale mine ventilation networks remains an unresolved issue. Addressing these challenges holds significant potential for enhancing safety and efficiency in mine ventilation systems.

A reliability analysis method for fuzzy multi-state system with common cause failure based on improved the weakest T-norm

Recently, the reliability analysis of complex engineering systems has been confronted with a range of challenges, including fuzziness, multiple states, and common cause failures. In particular, factors such as changes in the working environment and human error contribute to the fuzzy probability value for each state in the system, which brings great challenges to its reliability analysis. In this paper, a new reliability analysis method for fuzzy multi-state system with common cause failure is proposed, which developed the fault tree analysis method and fuzzy set theory. First, a model integrating common cause failure with fuzzy T-S fault tree analysis model has been illustrated, and the equivalent model is given. Meanwhile, a novel fuzzy arithmetic method based on the weakest n-dimension T-norm is designed to solve the proposed model. Finally, the aircraft power system is analyzed as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The result shows that the proposed method effectively enhances the capacity of failure tree analysis in assessing the reliability of complex systems characterized by multiple states, fuzziness, and common cause failures.

Effects of pavement roughness on shakedown limits under moving traffic loadings

This study proposes a lower-bound shakedown analysis method for pavement systems under moving traffic loadings considering pavement roughness. The effects of key variables, including moving speed, wavelength irregularity, and the modulus and thickness of pavements, on the shakedown limit are discussed. The calculation results indicate that pavement roughness has a considerable effect on shakedown limits, which can be overestimated in some cases when the pavement roughness is not considered. The effect of pavement roughness on the shakedown limit of a homogeneous subgrade layer gradually decreases with increasing speed. Additionally, the shakedown limit decreases with wavelength irregularity, particularly under high-speed traffic loadings. Furthermore, the effect of pavement roughness on the shakedown limit of a two-layered pavement system is more pronounced for a larger pavement modulus and thickness and a lower moving speed.

Artificial Intelligence to Predict Solar Energy Production: Risks and Economic Efficiency

In the context of sustainable development and the increasing shift to non-fossil alternative energy sources, solar energy offers countless advantages for its conversion into electricity. Modern technologies offer great opportunities for the introduction of artificial intelligence in the process of predicting the production of solar energy. However, this topic is still quite unexplored in the international scientific community, which makes this study relevant. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on solar energy production forecasting. To achieve the purpose of the study, a systematic literature analysis method was applied. As a result of the study, it was possible to establish that artificial intelligence has great potential for its implementation in the process of forecasting solar energy production. The study was able to establish random prediction models and machine learning models based on artificial intelligence for their cost effectiveness and risk in the process of forecasting solar energy production. During the literature review, it became clear that the following four models are the most effective in the work: the RFR, LIME, ELI5 and SHAP. Each model has its own advantages and disadvantages. These are manifested in production management, forecasting with high speed, flexibility, and explanation, reducing the risk of variability. However, the cost-effectiveness of implementing artificial intelligence in the process of forecasting solar energy production has much more economic efficiency than the risk aspects.