Methods Of Social Psychology Research Articles

“Granting” Justice, Debating Delinquency: The Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act and the UNC Training Center on Delinquency and Youth Crime, 1961–1967

AbstractThis article argues that 1961 to 1967 was a critical period when federal, state, and academic institutions looked with hope toward emerging methods in behavioral and social psychology to train juvenile justice officials and to treat delinquent children. Reflecting liberal optimism regarding the possibility of reforming individual behavior without structural change, the Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act of 1961 provided project funding to cities, nonprofits, and universities. Using the University of North Carolina’s Training Center on Delinquency and Youth Crime as a case study, this article examines how federal funding was used for “experiments” with group therapy, youth incarceration, and cocreation of juvenile justice. Though largely inconclusive, these experiments demonstrated the existence of alternatives to the hyperinstitutionalization of juvenile offenders that accelerated after the Supreme Court’s 1967 decision of In re Gault.

Social robots based on sensor technology simulate user music interaction experience

Social robots, as an important research object in the field of human–computer interaction, have enormous potential in simulating human social behavior and providing personalized services. This study aims to enhance the user experience of music interaction with social robots by constructing a social robot interaction model and combining sensor technology. The study sorted out relevant social psychology theories and methods of emotional computing, as well as theories related to music perception and expression in social robot design. By designing experimental scenarios, the interaction behavior between participants and social robots was observed, combined with gesture sensing processing and speech interaction enhancement processing, to improve the quality and effectiveness of interaction with social robots. We used simulation experiments to simulate the music interaction between users and social robots, in order to verify the reliability and stability of the social robot interaction model. Finally, human–machine electronic music interaction simulation was achieved, and user emotion collection and interaction simulation were carried out. By collecting physiological signals and emotional feedback from users, we have gained a deeper understanding of their emotional experience in music interaction, and through interaction simulation, we have regulated and guided their emotions.

The Hypothetic Deductive Approach as a Proposed Method in Social Psychology

This article briefly sheds light on the nature of social psychology and its basic problem as a specialty, or its distinctive subject of study and its importance. It then reviews the possible methods of research and study in it through the several topics it deals with, and gives a number of examples. Then it moves on to suggest adding a research method that is complementary or parallel to what is being used, and gives a number of examples of its treatment, and the measurement it adds and its importance.

Ethnography vs. zombie methodologies

AbstractBeginning in 2011, public scandals and high‐visibility critiques of research methods in psychology fed a broader “replication crisis”: foundational experiments could not be replicated, and statistical methods in social psychology demonstrated vulnerability to fraud and manipulation. Even well‐intended researchers following accepted psychological protocols—zombie methodologies—could unintentionally produce false positives. In response, social psychologists have called for greater sensitivity to cultural diversity, a deeper consideration of social context, and more methodological reflection. The contrast with anthropology is dramatic, highlighting some of the strengths of our field: methodological versatility, appreciation of human variability, theoretical creativity, and a solid foundation for synthetic, interdisciplinary collaboration grounded in our tradition of holism. The human sciences are an important audience for anthropologists, as the example of cognitive science shows.

Розвиток соціально-психологічних методів управління персоналом в умовах воєнного стану

Personnel management is an activity that creates many new challenges for managers who implement it at the enterprise. Today, one of these challenges is personnel management under martial law. In the con-ditions of martial law, a person's mental state is especially vulnerable, which is accompanied by a change in behavior, a low level of information perception, and an aggressive attitude towards others. All these negative processes are formed under the influence of stress in which people are, in particular, employees in organizations under martial law. People perceive and experience stress in different ways, some gradually adapt to the new reality, recover, and some in response to stressful circumstances and events feel uplifted and want to move forward against everything. In the conditions of martial law, the mental health of em-ployees is a factor that significantly affects labor productivity. Therefore, there is a need for the manager to use social and psychological methods at all levels and stages of management. This will contribute to the formation of a highly qualified and effective team, each member of which will realize their potential at the highest level, as a result of which the efficiency of the enterprise will increase. Social-psychological meth-ods appeal to the management of relationships. The main specificity of such methods is the use of informal factors, interests of the group, collective. At the same time, the competently implemented socio-psychological influence of the manager will form the employee's psychological resources for long-term successful activity. The main feature of psychological methods is the appeal to the inner world of a person, his personality, intelligence, feelings, images and behavior in order to direct the inner potential of a person to the solution of specific tasks of the enterprise. A review of literary sources and own research allow us to state that the formation of an effective labor team in the conditions of martial law directly depends on the identification, formation and development of psychological resources among employees. Despite the diffi-cult operating conditions of domestic enterprises, the proposed directions for the formation of psychologi-cal resources and well-argued evidence of the effectiveness of socio-psychological personnel management methods in the conditions of martial law should comprehensively solve the problem of reducing labor productivity, namely, from reducing organizational stress to improving the company's reputation, increas-ing trust in leadership and team cohesion.

The Social Psychological Methods of Preventing Domestic Violence

This article delves into the application of social psychological methods in preventing domestic violence. Drawing on extensive research and case studies, it explores various strategies including community programs, education, awareness campaigns, and support networks. The study emphasizes the importance of early intervention, societal awareness, and fostering a sense of empowerment among potential victims. By employing these methods, it is possible to create a safer environment and reduce the prevalence of domestic violence in communities.

An Experimental Attempt to Mitigate the Illegal Practice of Using Race as a Deterministic Variable in Prosecutorial Peremptory Challenges

Before a person becomes a juror, they are a venire person who must clear voir dire, the process by which attorneys pare the original pool of potential jurors down to the standard twelve. There is much research that exists supporting the posit that White jurors are harsher toward minority defendants than they are to White defendants (Mitchell, Haw, Pfeifer & Meissner, 2005). Furthermore, group polarization is a common occurrence that has been studied since James Stoner’s paper entitled “Risky and cautious shifts in group decisions: The influence of widely held values” (1968), suggesting that a group (jury) will have more bias as an aggregate than the individual (jurors) will themselves exhibit. Thus, heterogeneity of race in a jury would likely mitigate the potential for racial bias to be a consideration in jury decisions. In fact, in Batson v. Kentucky 476 U.S. 79 (1986), the Supreme Court ruled that race must not be a factor when attorneys consider whether a venire person will or will not eventually become a juror during voir dire. However, recent cross-disciplinary research conducted by Sommers and Norton (2007) has applied experimental social psychology methods to explore this important legal issue. These experiments indicate that a more homogenous jury may still be the outcome of voir dire, regardless of the Batson decision. The paper that follows is a summary of the theoretical basis for an ongoing study.

The Effect of Immigrant Customer Service Representatives’ (ICSRs) Accents on Customers’ Experience and Satisfaction

This study shows that most customers are frustrated because of the unintelligible communication they usually have with Immigrants Customer Service Relations (ICSRs). Customers’ experience worsens when they find it difficult to understand the customer representatives they are communicating with because their accents make them unintelligible, causing communication breakdown. This study adopted the qualitative research approach. Frame Analysis (FA) and Discursive Social Psychological (DSP) methods were used to analyze Reddit online forum users’ responses to a peer’s question posed on the forum. It found that accents play a significant role in why some customers, using American customers as cases, are rude to ICSRs. Aside from this, it also found that other factors, such as the organizations’ systems—long wait times to access CSRs, network connection failures, inexperienced CSRs, and acts of racism affect customer experience.

Transition from non-monetary (barter) to money-based method of government, production, and distribution

Subject. The article considers the creation of money as a landmark historical shift from pre-State forms of the genesis of the State to early State and State forms. Objectives. The aim is to show that money was created as one of the most important instruments of government, production, and distribution in early State and State social and historical formations. Methods. The study employs my unique historical-system conception of the State and its social development. Results. Based on the general theory of the world historical process, presented in L.E. Grinin’s works, I specified the description of the nomos as a subject of this process and a certain common form of the genesis of the State. The paper clarifies that nomos evolves through series of forced evolutionary and organizational stages of development. It shows that the transition from the non-monetary form of government, production, and distribution in nomos to the money-based form is an essential feature of the landmark shift. Conclusions. The study demonstrates that money was also created as one of the most important instruments of government, production, and distribution in the early State and State nomos. In this landmark invisible instrument, two social-psychological methods of people management, called carrot and stick motivation, are far apart.

Measurement Does Not Take Place in a Legal Vacuum

Measurement Does Not Take Place in a Legal Vacuum

Social Psychology of and for World-Making.

Social psychology's disconnect from the vital and urgent questions of people's lived experiences reveals limitations in the current paradigm. We draw on a related perspective in social psychology1-the sociocultural approach-and argue how this perspective can be elaborated to consider not only social psychology as a historical science but also social psychology of and for world-making. This conceptualization can make sense of key theoretical and methodological challenges faced by contemporary social psychology. As such, we describe the ontology, epistemology, ethics, and methods of social psychology of and for world-making. We illustrate our framework with concrete examples from social psychology. We argue that reconceptualizing social psychology in terms of world-making can make it more humble yet also more relevant, reconnecting it with the pressing issues of our time. We propose that social psychology should focus on "world-making" in two senses. First, people are future-oriented and often are guided more by what could be than what is. Second, social psychology can contribute to this future orientation by supporting people's world-making and also critically reflecting on the role of social psychological research in world-making. We unpack the philosophical assumptions, methodological procedures, and ethical considerations that underpin a social psychology of and for world-making. Social psychological research, whether it is intended or not, contributes to the societies and cultures in which we live, and thus it cannot be a passive bystander of world-making. By embracing social psychology of and for world-making and facing up to the contemporary societal challenges upon which our collective future depends will make social psychology more humble but also more relevant.

A Sociopsychological Study on The Sources of Stress Among Adolescents in Developing Countries

Compared with adolescents in developed countries, adolescents in developing countries face more significant and specific pressures, negatively impacting their mental health. Given that nearly 90% of the 1.2 billion young people around the world live in developing countries, it is crucial for researchers to understand the sources of these pressures. This article applies relevant theories and research methods of social psychology to explore the social, cultural, economic, and developmental pressures faced by adolescents in developing countries. Research has shown that poverty, family obligations, educational competition, lack of autonomy, and constantly changing social norms are the primary sources of stress for adolescents in developing countries, significantly affecting their mental health. The social pressure theory, self-determination theory, and cultural adaptation framework provide valuable perspectives for conceptualizing the behavioral and ideological characteristics of adolescents. Based on the previous study, this article will aim to discuss and evaluate the sources providing stress to teenagers in developing countries to help cultivate a healthy next generation.

Предисловие главного редактора

The articles in this thematic issue of the journal present new methods of social psychology or the ones that are rarely used by domestic researchers.

Russian Propaganda During the First World War: Technologies and Forms

The purpose of the article is to analyse the use of political propaganda methods employed by the Russian Empire before and during the First World War, in particular, on the Ukrainian lands, which became a direct theatre of military operations and a field of confrontation between intelligence and counterintelligence services of belligerent powers, which exercised manipulative influence upon great masses of population and implemented special technologies for the formation of public opinion. The research methodology is based on the principles of objectivity, systematicity, dialectics, historicism and interdisciplinarity. The study is grounded on problemchronological, institutional and historical methods, as well as social psychology methods, used in propaganda practices. Scientific novelty: on the basis of printed materials: brochures, First World War periodicals, published posters and woodcuts (lubki prints), as well as memoirs of people, involved in the organization of propaganda campaigns, certain objects, technologies and forms of propaganda, in particular, the involvement of intelligence officers of the Russian Imperial Army in manipulative technologies, were defined. The widespread use of propaganda and counter-propaganda by the states that were the main players of the First World War, became a kind of hallmark of that war. In Russia, unlike other states, there were no special bodies and no such bodies were created later to influence public opinion in their own, hostile or neutral states. The peculiarity of the propaganda of the Russian Empire was the use of mainly constructive (positive) propaganda aimed at neutralizing social conflicts within the state, uniting the population and the authorities and their joint struggle against the enemy. The ideas of Pan-Slavism and Neo-Slavism were actively applied in the international realm. They were aimed at the unity of the Slavic world under the auspices of Russia as the defender of the Slavic peoples and the Orthodox Christian faith. The use of destructive propaganda technologies was aimed at creating the image of the “enemy” and uniting patriotic forces against it. At the same time, Russia failed to offer Slavic peoples of the empire, in particular Ukrainians, to realize their political aspirations in resolving the national issue; it did not feel a change of mood and did not restructure the content of propaganda rhetoric, which eventually led to its defeat in the information and psychological space.

Social psychology of group and personality in changing Russia (to the 85-th anniversary of the birth of A. S. Chernyshev)

In honor of the 85-th anniversary of his birth, the scientific views of the outstanding Russian social psychologist A.S. Chernyshev are presented, his contribution to the development of the theory of small groups and collectives, methods of social psychology and other areas of psychological science is noted. It is shown how ideas and developments were embodied in the activities of the psychological education service, in the social education of young people, in the psychological education of the population. His role as the leader of the Kursk scientific school in social and educational psychology is revealed.

E. S. Kuzmin as a historian and methodologist of social psychology (to the 100-th anniversary of his birth)

The historical, theoretical and methodological views of E.S. Kuzmin on the history of the formation of Russian social psychology from the middle of the 17th century.until the 70s of the XX century. Deep and comprehensive knowledge of E.S. Kuzmin of the history of philosophy and psychology contributed to the creation of a theoretical and methodological basis for social psychology. The scientist carried out purposeful work to integrate social psychology into the world of psychological science, streamline and synthesize the accumulated knowledge. It is shown how E.S. Kuzmin convincingly argues that human consciousness is formed not just in the process of work, but a system of interactions and relationships between people is necessary. The history of social psychology, which E.S. Kuzmin divided into three periods: 1) the accumulation of socio-psychological knowledge within the framework of philosophy and general psychology; 2) descriptive period; 3) experimental period. E.S. Kuzmin insisted that the formation of social psychology as an independent science begins in our country simultaneously with the same process in Germany and the United States. He considered the process of communication between people to be the subject of social psychology. The methodological foundations of social and psychological science were determined, and a monograph was published describing the methods of social psychology. The results of research of social psychologists, which were introduced into the practical work of domestic industrial enterprises, are highlighted.

Attitude theory and measurement in implementation science: a secondary review of empirical studies and opportunities for advancement

BackgroundImplementation science studies often express interest in “attitudes,” a term borrowed from psychology. In psychology, attitude research has an established methodological and theoretical base, which we briefly summarize here. We then review implementation studies designed to measure attitudes and compare their definitions and methods with those from psychology.MethodsA recent review identified 46 studies empirically examining factors associated with implementation. For each of these studies, we evaluated whether authors included attitudes as a construct of interest, and if so, whether and how the construct was defined, measured, and analyzed.ResultsMost of the articles (29/46 [63%]) mention attitudes as an implementation factor. Six articles include a definition of the construct. Nineteen studies were designed to measure attitudes but lacked clarity in describing how attitudes were measured. Those that explained their measurement approach used methods that differed from one another and from validated methods in social psychology. Few articles described associated analyses or provided results specific to attitudes. Despite the lack of specificity regarding relevant measurement, analysis, and results, the articles often included causal conclusions about the role of attitudes.ConclusionsAttitudes may be an important construct to implementation scientists, but studies to date are ambiguous in their definitions of attitudes and inconsistent in the methods used to measure and analyze attitudes. We discuss how implementation studies can apply psychology’s standardized definitions, validated measurement approaches, and causal models that include attitudes. This application of attitude theory and methods could offer implementation research valuable scientific opportunities.

THE NEED TO EXPLORE SACRED PLACES AND SPACES IN SOCIAL LIFE

The article deals with the selection of the most appropriate methodology for the study of sacred spaces. The study of religious activities and sacred spaces has its own characteristics in relation to other studies in social geography. Its peculiarity is that it combines the use of methods of physical geography (in the study of sacred landscapes and sacred spaces) and social geography, psychology and philosophy (in the study of the geo-religious sphere). Sacred space can be studied in the process of studying as a phenomenon that has a territorial specificity and forms socio-cultural trends. In a general sense, a sacred space is a territory with special properties that performs a spiritual function. Properties can be religious, natural, or historical. Sacred spaces are most appropriate to study at the local level, within administrative districts or regions. In each city, district, or village, there are different religious sites or localities that people have given a mystical meaning to. It can be a lake, a mountain or a hill that stands out in the area, a forest with a special biocenosis, or just a part of a field or river that had a noticeable impact on the life of the local population. That is, both religious and natural and historical sacred spaces are best studied at the local level, the specific limits of which will be the boundaries of administrative districts.

Концепция «самосостояния» личности подростка с криминальным типом самосознания

In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, theoretical ideas about the personality of deviant and delinquent teenagers reached a new level. Methods, models and explanatory schemes of stress psychology, family psychology, pathopsychology, mental trauma, hereditary and personality deformations penetrated legal psychology along with traditional methods of age, differential, pedagogical and social psychology, in the context of which specialists tried to create universal, internally consistent theories of juvenile delinquency. However, all known attempts led to another more or less realistic private theory or approach, usually leaving unanswered questions concerning time, meaning and meaninglessness, spirituality and immorality of society, loneliness and alienation of a person. Simple explanations of the causes of crime and effective measures to combat it have been and continue to be offered. Psychological science currently demonstrates an obvious inability to answer, at least, the basic methodological questions of the personality development of adolescents. A 15-year-old teenager with a tendency to criminal behavior is likely to be the most difficult object of cognition. Internal inconsistency, ambivalence of the adolescent’s attitudes, reactions and behavior make us to pay attention to the study of his consciousness and self-consciousness, the evolution of thinking, mechanisms of reflection, the history of the life line formation again. In this context, we are developing the concept of “self-state” of a teenager personality, which goes back to the ideas of L.S. Vygotsky, as well as numerous studies by domestic and foreign authors. 
 The main objective of this article is to substantiate the concept of “adolescent personality self-state”, its validation and operationalization. As there is virtually no such concept in psychology, the validation process will consist in substantiating the basic sources and mechanisms of its emergence, as well as in reflecting those qualities of personality that are denoted by the concept of “personality self-state”.

Enervating the Divine: Seeking New Intuitions about God from a Time of Pandemic

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has upended our planet in ways that could not have been foreseen. Yet even as the world has shifted, the “worlds” of our conceptual habitations have not, and this is particularly the case with regards to religious beliefs. It is from within this context that the present study seeks clarity. Beginning at the beginning, the paper sets out from a re-examination of the foundational creation myth of Western societies, and argues that a more careful reading of the actual presentation of that account, along with some situational explanations, results in an understanding of divinity that stresses neither omnipotence nor omniscience. The article then transitions to the importance of the notional in grounding and generating social behaviors, employing phenomenological and psychological research and analytical methods. Intuitions are seen to be central in the personally based methodology undertaken, and the conceptual–perceptional brace of the notion/event is offered as a theoretical construct. Finally, an attempt at application is made through a return to the earlier explication of a reduced idea of divinity, and subtle gestures at possibly resulting ethical calls are given. Although the virus has taken charge of our lives, and although even God/“God” might not be in absolute control, the “world” is yet ours to (re)make.