Methods In Construction Industry Research Articles

Microstructure Behaviour of the Marine Clay Treated with Geopolymer

Marine clay usually related with poor soil properties, high settlement and instability that are not suitable for engineering requirements and low compressive strength. To solve this problem, chemical stabilizer is one of the soil stabilization method in construction industry which one of them are geopolymer stabilizer to increase the strength of marine clay soil. However, the study regarding of microstructure treated marine clay using geopolymer are less study. Hence, this study focus on the microstructure behaviour of treated marine clay using geopolymer stabilizer. The approach employed in this investigation was the preparation of the sample by the incorporation of marine clay soil and geopolymer (addition of 6% Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2)). The sample was then subjected to several microstructure tests, including X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Particle Size Analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM). The findings demonstrate the alterations in the microstructural characteristics of marine clay following the application of geopolymer stabilization. According to the results of the XRD analysis, no further peaks were observed. Conversely, the SEM examination revealed a reduction in the voids within the marine clay soil, leading to increased density as the curing period increased. Furthermore, the Particle Size Analysis reveals that the use of a stabilizer results in a notable augmentation in the soil particle sizes. Consequently, This study may be utilized to examine the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of treated soil.

Evaluating the Modified Uncertainty MCMC Approach to Obtain Safety-Quality Index in PC Construction with Current Models

Precast Concrete Construction (PCC) is a famous method in construction industry due to its different advantages. Nevertheless, this method has several discontinuous processes and they can enhance various uncertainty safety-quality issues. In this system, Building Information Modeling (BIM) technique plays a key role in managing of discontinuous processes to improve multidimensional safety and quality. Dimensionless parameters were used to evaluate the modified type of multidimensional BIM index (IMBIM) as the target index using the Modified Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (MFANP) method. In fact, the importance weight of input indices on the target was determined by the MFANP approach. The results of statistical analysis in verification step indicate that MFANP is well compatible with other approaches, so this developed method was considered as a reference point. The modified uncertainty Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis was used for the validated method to determine the optimal high occurrence rate of IMBIM. The results demonstrate that a high percentage of occurrence frequency for IMBIM is in the range between 0.9 and 0.925. In this range, the mean optimal value of IMBIM as a management measure for multidimensional problems is 0.912. Stakeholders in PCC projects can use the proposed high occurrence range to assess the quality-safety of construction and make appropriate decisions.

An experimental study on behaviour of ferrocement

Ferrocement (FC) is a composite material of cement matrix and reinforcement having multiple layers of mesh. It has been proved as a cheap, reliable method in construction industry and can be successfully applicable for low load bearing structures. This paper deals with the experimental study on different sections such as (channel sections, box sections, slab and plate) of ferrocement elements by using different diameter of wire mesh with different shear span to depth ratio. The shear capacity of ferrocement (FC) plates can be calculated. In this paper the volumetric fraction of wire as well as the area of reinforcement will be calculated. This paper gives an emphasis on the comparison of load carrying capacity of beams and plates by using different proportion of materials. The tests are conducted to find the load carrying capacity of beams and plates by using the mix composition of 1:2.5 (cement: sand) and 0.9:0.1:2.5 (cement: slag powder:sand) and the results are compared. The load testing of the beams as well as plates was done after 28 days of curing and conducted up to failure to determine the actual load carrying capacity of those elements. From this experiment it has been found that the load carrying capacity of ferrocement elements can be increased by increasing the number of layer of wire mesh. It is also found that up to a shear span to depth ratio 3, the shear behavior is predominant and beyond shear span to depth ratio 3, the flexural behavior is predominant.

Selection of Method in Construction Industry by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Method in construction industry is very important in construction industry. The type of method used in construction may affect the quality of the project. Three distinct method that will be explore in this paper are traditional method, design and build and industrial building system (IBS). The traditional procurement method, known for its separate entity by the client, architect and contractor. The architect will responsible for design work, while contractor will responsible for construction work. Meanwhile, the design and build, whereby the contractor accepts responsibility for some or all of the design finally the IBS is when the construction built using pre-fabricated components. This paper aiming in identifying the criteria and suitability for selecting different kind of construction delivery method in construction by using the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) namely the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Results provides some empirical finding which contractor for Grade 7 is suitable employing the industrial building system(IBS) method while the traditional method is appropriately for the Grade 1 contractor.

Effect of Steam Curing on the Properties of High Early Strength Silica Fume Concrete

Recently, tremendous changes in project delivery methods in construction industry and still way looking towards acceleration of construction works. In this connection FastTrack construction method is current trend in construction industry. In this method, it is challenging task to delivery project at shortest time without compromising on quality and curing. Generally, conventional method of concrete curing need 28 days to be hardened and then can remove formwork however this method delays the project completion and does not holds good in precast construction. In this context, there is need for accelerating curing to attain early strength then can remove formwork early and to reduce the cycle time and increase the formwork repetitions. Henceforth, in this study attempts to attain 50 mm slump and achieve high early strength of 50 MPa at 7 days by adopting steam curing method for silica fume concrete. The concrete mixes were designed according to ACI – 211.4R – 08 and water to cement ratio was set 0.27. Three trail mixes were prepared in different cases one without silica fume, another with silica fume and finally, silica fume with addition of admixture to achieve targeted workability and strength. The results obtained in this study shows that compressive strength achieved 45.16 MPa after 72 hours curing and 51 MPa at 7 days of curing. Moreover, it was important to notice that an increase in the early strength gain due to effect of steam curing and steam curing method affects the ultimate strength of silica fume concrete. Besides, the delay period before steam curing is very essential for the early strength gain.

Construction Work Cost Determination

The main Ukraine construction industry tendencies during 2010-2017 are described in the article. The order of construction and installation work formation is determined. The practical application peculiarities of cost calculations traditional and alternative methods in construction industry are considered. Based on the principles, methods and tools created a new conceptual model construction work cost determination.

Literature review of the benefits and obstacle of horizontal directional drilling

In this new era the construction industry not only need to be completed within budget, timely, at acceptable quality and safety but the stakeholders especially the local authorities and the public realises for the important need of sustainable construction method to be used for our younger generation to heritage if not better a safer world for them to live and raise up their children’s. Horizontal Directional Drilling method is the most commonly recognised trenchless utilities method as a preferred construction method in this age. Among the reasons HDD method offers less disturbance on traffic, the public, business activities and neighbourhood, lower restoration cost, less noise, dust and minimum import/export of the construction materials. In addition HDD method can drill through congested utilities areas with minimum cutting and shorter time. This paper aims to appraise the benefits and obstacle of HDD method in construction industry. It is an endeavour to fulfil the local authorities cry for alternative method that less damages to the roads, road furniture’s and public complaints compared to the conventional open cut method. In addition HDD method is seem to be in line with sustainable development requirements e.g. reduce, reuse, recycle and etc. Hence, it is important to determine the benefits and obstacle factors of HDD implementation. The factors are based on the literature review conducted by the author on the subject matters gathered from previous studies, journals, text books, guidelines, magazine articles, newspaper cutting and etc.

A Trust-Based Method in Construction Industry

This paper presents a method for construction contractor selection based on trust building. By classifying criteria into three types of trust and applying gray correlation analysis, the presented method concerns multi-criteria for evaluation other than price, selects trust-and selection-related criteria, provides approaches for indicator quantification and determines the contractor on the basis of gray correlation degree.

An Overview of Budget Contingency Calculation Methods in Construction Industry

Due to risks and uncertainties associated with construction projects, owner agencies usually add a reserve amount to the estimated project cost. This reserve amount, known as contingency, is to absorb the monetary impact of the risks/uncertainties and to prevent cost overrun. Over the past two decades, many contingency calculation methods for construction projects have been introduced by practitioners and researchers. These methods can be ranged from simply considering a percentage of the project base cost to complex mathematical methods. Each of these methods suggests an approach for calculating contingency using different assumptions. The question is which one of these methods should be applied to a certain project at a specific phase. Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of each method can help practitioners in construction industry select the best method based upon their project characteristics, budget, and time. This paper compiles almost all contingency calculations methods and divides them into three main categories of: (1) deterministic methods, (2) probabilistic methods, and (3) modern mathematical methods. Each of these categories are then divided into more subcategories and discussed in detail.

Environmental zoning for service life prediction of building components in Malaysia

Interactions between building materials and environment are very complex. More often than not, deterioration of building component is due to environmental loads with the result of reducing its durability. The environmental loads are less overlooked or underestimated in early design phase. Objective of this study is to distinguish the difference of environmental load for different area in Malaysia. The environmental data consist of climate and pollution data which extracted from the Malaysia Meteorology Department's data bank. From this study, six different environmental zones in Malaysia are distinguished. There are different characteristic of environmental parameters found where some of them dominant to others. This information can assist the engineer to justify the use of different technology, material or construction method in construction industry.