Study Methodology Research Articles

Exploring the Impact of Clery Sexual Assault Timely Warnings on a Campus Community

ABSTRACT The Clery Act requires higher education institutions to issue timely warnings in response to immediate safety concerns and to provide annual reports of campus crime data to the campus community. Despite 40 years of Clery-mandated timely warnings and reporting, rates of sexual violence on college campuses have not declined. Buidling on previous schoalrship about Clery Act requirements, we document more detailed challenges associated with complying with the Clery Act. Through a case study methodology, including interviews with university administrators and students, we examined the impact of a timely warning alert related to sexual assault on a campus community. We illustrate that campus community members feel confused about the intentions of timely warning alerts and uncertain about what to do with the information provided by the alerts. Additionally, the alerts created fear and anxiety among some members of the campus community and a chilling effect on reporting sexual violence. We provide implications for policymakers and researchers related to Clery compliance.

How to study psychological mechanisms of mania? Asystematic review on the methodology of experimental studies on manic mood dysregulation of leading theories on bipolar disorder.

Although there are several psychological theories on bipolar disorders (BD), the empirical evidence on these theories through experimental studies is still limited. The current study systematically reviews experimental methods used in studies on the main theories of BD: Reward Hypersensitivity Theory (RST) or Behavioral Activation System (BAS), Integrative Cognitive Model (ICM), Positive Emotion Persistence (PEP), Manic Defense theory (MD), and Mental Imagery (MI). The primary aim is to provide an overview of the used methods and to identify limitations and suggest areas of improvement. A systematic search of six databases until October 2023 was conducted. Study selection involved two independent reviewers extracting data on experimental study design and methodology. A total of 84 experimental studies were reviewed. BAS and RST were the most frequently studied theories. The majority of these experimental studies focus on mechanisms of reward sensitivity. Other important elements of the reviewed theories, such as goal setting and-attainment, situation selection (avoidance or approach), activation, affective/emotional reactivity, and regulatory strategies, are understudied. Self-report and neuropsychological tasks are most often used, while mood induction and physiological measures are rarely used. There is a need for more consensus on the operationalization of psychological theories of mania. Standardization of test batteries could improve comparability among studies and foster a more systematic approach to experimental research. Research on affective (activated) states is still underrepresented in comparison with studies on trait vulnerabilities.

Life cycle costing as part of a life cycle sustainability assessment of products: methodology and case studies

Life cycle costing as part of a life cycle sustainability assessment of products: methodology and case studies

The impacts of season extension on upper Great Lakes shipping

AbstractThis article is a synopsis of the first phase of a multiyear study completed for the Wisconsin Sea Grant on the impact of an extended shipping season on the Great Lakes because of climate change. The new factors of reduced ice coverage and the completion of a second Poe‐sized lock at the Sault Ste. Marie were considered in analyzing the possible changes. This article outlines the study's methodology, summarizes findings, and discusses the potential impact of season extension on vessels, ports, personnel, and beneficial cargo owners.

Implementing distributed leadership in Irish voluntary secondary schools from the principals’ perspective

ABSTRACT In 2018, the Irish Department of Education and Skills (DES) officially recommended a distributed leadership model as a new approach to leadership and management in post-primary schools. Policy implementation guidance was circulated to school management via DES circular CL003/2018. This study investigates the perspective of voluntary secondary school principals implementing CL003/2018 within the voluntary secondary school sector, where the role of the school principal is pivotal in its implementation. A pragmatic approach to the research methodology led to the adoption of a case study methodology within a mixed-method sequential quantitative > qualitative research design. The quantitative research instrument was an online survey distributed to a census population of voluntary secondary school principals in Ireland. Using Zoom, semi-structured interviews with ten voluntary secondary school principals informed the qualitative research. The findings are examined and interpreted within the literature on distributed leadership, with the concepts of power, accountability, and sustainability emerging from the research. The research identifies recommendations on professional learning for principals to develop sustainable leadership capacity within the voluntary secondary school sector, and the essential time to hold strategic leadership team meetings.

Making minimally invasive procedures more sustainable: A systematic review comparing the environmental footprint of single-use versus multi-use instruments.

Healthcare systems contribute 5%-10% of the global carbon footprint. Given the detrimental impact of climate change on population health, health systems must seek to address this environmental responsibility. This is especially relevant in the modern era of minimally invasive procedures (MIP) where single-use instruments are increasingly popular. We compared the environmental footprint of single-use versus multi-use instruments in MIP. We conducted a systematic review across five databases to identify relevant original studies, following the PRISMA guidelines. We extracted environmental impact data and performed a quality assessment of included studies. We included 13 studies published between 2005 and 2024. Eight employed Life Cycle Analysis (LCAs), which is the gold standard methodology for studies evaluating environmental impact. The instruments studied included laparoscopy systems, endoscopes, cystoscopes, bronchoscopes, duodenoscopes, and ureteroscopes. Six studies, including three high quality LCAs and one fair quality LCA, showed that single-use instruments have a significantly higher environmental footprint than their multi-use counterparts. Six studies suggested a lower environmental footprint for single-use instruments, and one study presented comparable results. However, these studies were of poor/fair quality. Although our systematic review yielded mixed results, all high quality LCAs suggested multi-use instruments may be more environmentally friendly than their single-use counterparts. Our findings are limited by inter-study heterogeneity and methodological quality. There is an urgent need for additional research employing gold standard methodologies to explore the interplay between environmental impact and operational factors such as workflow efficiency and cost-benefit ratio to allow health systems to make more informed decisions.

Ownership and investor responses to news on fraud and pecuniary actions: a comparative analysis of Indian banks

Purpose This study aims to understand investors’ reactions to news on fraud and pecuniary and regulatory action in privately owned and government-owned banks. Design/methodology/approach To examine the role of ownership holdings, this study deploys event study methodology and cross-sectional regression to analyze the abnormal returns and the intergroup dynamics. Event study methodology studies the abnormal return on stock prices on days when fraud, pecuniary actions and regulatory news were reported for 36 banks that are listed on the NSE. Data on news has been collected from Reuters for 110 months. Cross-sectional regression analyses are done to examine whether selected variables on bank characteristics influence the abnormal returns. Exploring the intergroup dynamics between government and privately owned banks helps to accentuate how stakeholders influence investor responses. Findings Private and government-owned banks display an anomalous return pattern during the events, though to varying degrees and for a longer duration. The sharp downturn observed in private banks in response to pecuniary and regulatory actions related to news can be attributed to the associated risk of these banks. Intergroup dynamics further demonstrate that the effect of such news regarding government-owned bank stocks is more pronounced on privately owned banks compared to the effect of news related to privately owned banks on public banks. Originality/value The study shows how ownership structure variedly impacts investors’ response to news related to fraud, and pecuniary and regulatory actions on Indian banks, which may eventually ask for customized investment approaches for government-owned and privately owned banks.

Implementasi Program Daily Activity Menggunakan Kata Ajaib dalam Pembentukan Karakter Sopan Santun Kelompok B1 TK Pertiwi Sowankidul

Character education is one of the most important things that young children should get as 80% of their brain development occurs during that time. A lack of respect and regard for others might be influenced by the absence of character education in early life. One of the key institutions in helping kids develop their character is their school, and instructors there have a significant influence on how kids behave. The purpose of this study is to explain how a daily activity program that uses magic words to develop polite character is implemented. This study employs a case study methodology and a qualitative research strategy. Interviews and observation were the research methods employed in this study. According to the study's findings, kids are becoming more aware of the usage of "magic words" (sorry, please, thank you, and excuse me) and their conduct is changing as a result. After executing the daily activity program that uses magic words in the construction of polite character, children who had not previously understood the value of utilizing them in everyday life to create polite character now understand it better and are able to use it in their daily lives.

Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Health@NUS mHealth Augmented Cohort Study Examining Student-to-Work Life Transition: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.

Integration of mobile health data collection methods into cohort studies enables the collection of intensive longitudinal information, which gives deeper insights into individuals' health and lifestyle behavioral patterns over time, as compared to traditional cohort methods with less frequent data collection. These findings can then fill the gaps that remain in understanding how various lifestyle behaviors interact as students graduate from university and seek employment (student-to-work life transition), where the inability to adapt quickly to a changing environment greatly affects the mental well-being of young adults. This paper aims to provide an overview of the study methodology and baseline characteristics of participants in Health@NUS, a longitudinal study leveraging mobile health to examine the trajectories of health behaviors, physical health, and well-being, and their diverse determinants, for young adults during the student-to-work life transition. University students were recruited between August 2020 and June 2022 in Singapore. Participants would complete biometric assessments and questionnaires at 3 time points (baseline, 12-, and 24-month follow-up visits) and use a Fitbit smartwatch and smartphone app to continuously collect physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and dietary data over the 2 years. Additionally, up to 12 two-week-long bursts of app-based ecological momentary surveys capturing lifestyle behaviors and well-being would be sent out among the 3 time points. Interested participants (n=1556) were screened for eligibility, and 776 participants were enrolled in the study between August 2020 and June 2022. Participants were mostly female (441/776, 56.8%), of Chinese ethnicity (741/776, 92%), undergraduate students (759/776, 97.8%), and had a mean BMI of 21.9 (SD 3.3) kg/m2, and a mean age of 22.7 (SD 1.7) years. A substantial proportion were overweight (202/776, 26.1%) or obese (42/776, 5.4%), had indicated poor mental well-being (World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index ≤50; 291/776, 37.7%), or were at higher risk for psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ≥13; 109/776, 14.1%). The findings from this study will provide detailed insights into the determinants and trajectories of health behaviors, health, and well-being during the student-to-work life transition experienced by young adults. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05154227; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05154227. DERR1-10.2196/56749.

Optimizing Spark-Ignition Engine Performance with Ternary Blend Fuels and Hybrid Nanolubricants: A Response Surface Methodology Study

Optimizing Spark-Ignition Engine Performance with Ternary Blend Fuels and Hybrid Nanolubricants: A Response Surface Methodology Study

Pengaruh Strategi Marketing Mix 7P terhadap Tingkat Penjualan di Mini Kopi Green Ville

Business people today face great pressure to increase creativity in product marketing strategies to remain competitive in a dynamic market. The company's main goal is to achieve maximum profits, so understanding and implementing marketing strategies is very important. One business that is currently trending is a café. In Jakarta, many entrepreneurs are developing culinary businesses, especially cafes. However, with so many cafes, entrepreneurs face various conflicts such as declining sales and lack of visitor interest. Quantitative research is the method of choice. Utilizing a purposive testing technique and a non-likelihood examining methodology, 100 respondents were chosen for the example. This study utilizes numerous straight relapse examination. The consequences of the t test show that the factors item (X1), advancement (X3), and actual proof (X7) meaningfully affect the degree of deals (Y). This is known. However, deals level (Y) is significantly influenced by the factors value (X2), location (X4), individuals (X5), and process (X6). The consequences of the F test showed that the promoting blend factors (7P) at the same time affected where to go. As needs be, the goal of this study is to conclude the 7P publicizing mix strategy (X1) for More modest than ordinary Kopi, Green Ville's arrangements level (Y). This study's methodology is based on quantitative research techniques. The study's primary objective is to learn more about how Green Ville's Mini Kopi marketing strategy affects sales. The use of contextual analysis strategies is the essential focal point of this quantitative review. Meeting, noticing, and recording are a portion of the techniques utilized in this review to gather information.

Trust and management control archetypes in public-private partnerships

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to the management control systems (MCS) changes in public-private partnerships (PPSs) by developing a conceptual archetype explaining the relationship between trust and MCSs in PPPs, and highlighting how this relationship may evolve over time.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a longitudinal case study methodology focusing on a hospital built and operated under a project finance deal. The methods adopted include semistructured interviews, direct observation and internal documentation analysis. We conducted 15 semistructured interviews from 2019 to 2021. In analyzing different documents and interviews, we triangulated data to ensure solid interpretation.FindingsThe case shows how trust can take different configurations depending on the type of MCS used. The results highlight how different patterns of MCSs, about trust, can be combined to govern PPPs. The case also shows the temporal dynamics of how MCS and trust evolve at different organizational levels and how bureaucratic control matched with contractual trust and trust-based control matched with competence trust can coexist at different times and organizational levels.Practical implicationsManagers involved in PPPs will be aware of the role of different types of trust in shaping and managing the relationship between partners at different organizational levels. Furthermore, the findings could help policymakers to adopt more informed decisions and to promote practice-based trust at various organizational levels of PPPs.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a management control archetype based on bureaucracy- and trust-based patterns concerning the level of programmability of tasks, as well as defined risks.

Quality and Creativity of Teachers through Teacher Education

In order to foster the excellence and originality of teachers, this article attempts to highlight some of the ideas that are essential for teacher education programmes and for instructors themselves. The core skeleton of any nation should be its teachers. Physical strength between vertebrate animals and non-vertebrate animals is well established. In the same manner, a community cannot effectively thrive without teachers of high calibre. Effective community development indicates a country's development in a wealthy manner. Today's instructors must consider their professional growth as part of their teacher education, just as a nation must manage in order to develop. Our early teachers changed basic existence into the state it is in today. Teachers should become very confident in their ability to instruct. The aim of teacher education ought to be to prepare teachers who are capable and innovative in their instruction. The profession of teaching is one that needs to be widely accepted. In the past, a teacher was like a spiritual person, and that quality should still exist now in order to impart knowledge to pupils and prepare them to influence the direction of a nation's development. In such cases, teacher education should be designed to support teachers' professional growth in terms of enhancing their critical thinking abilities. The kids will acquire the right knowledge if the teacher is flawless in every way. Teacher preparation shouldn't be seen as just a means of landing a job; rather, it should be viewed in the context of a teacher's role as a source of truth as well as the philosophy of the cosmos and nature. Only a top-notch instructor can present the information. Professional growth and inventiveness are required qualities for this capacity. The author's experience and document analysis form the foundation of the study's methodology.

Unpacking Stakeholder Perceptions on Challenges for Increasing Adoption of Solar- Powered Irrigation Systems in India: A Q Methodology Study

Abstract Solar- powered irrigation systems (SPIS) are instruments for sustainable energy transition in agriculture. Despite the government of India's efforts, the adoption of SPIS has remained low. This paper uses the Q method to examine shared stakeholder views on the challenges of increasing SPIS adoption. The aim is to understand barriers to and drivers for SPIS adoption, and the necessary institutional setting to scale up adoption. To capture the discourse on challenges to SPIS adoption, a Q sample of 20 statements was extracted after stakeholder interviews and expert ratings. The statements were Q sorted by 22 respondents across SPIS stakeholder groups. Factor analysis identifies two distinct perspectives on constraints to expanding SPIS: (1) economic and financial barriers; and (2) institutional and governance challenges. This calls for re-framing SPIS from the incentive side of things and convergence across concerned implementing agencies.

Level of Professional Competencies and Identity towards Performance of Beginning Teachers Mediated By Support System

The study aimed to determine the level of professional competencies and identity towards the performance of beginning teachers mediated by the support system. The main tool used in the study's descriptive methodology to collect data was a questionnaire. The study included contributions from ninety-five (95) Sariaya West District school teachers. For the statistical analysis of the data, percentage and mean were employed. The study found that most beginning teachers have highly competent professional competencies in social, self-management, communication, and leadership skills. Surveyed respondents also have highly observed motivation, commitment, and self-efficacy were observed. The school provides high mentoring and technical assistance support while the support system moderates. Performance is satisfactory in advisory tasks, coaching, teaching strategy, and classroom assessment. Professional competencies and identity levels are not significantly related to the support system and performance. The researcher recommended that school administrators update teachers' profiles with seminars and trainings attended, provide mentoring sessions, and attend workshops on professional competencies and identities. Parallel studies, action research, and quarterly activities can improve teachers' performance. Attending workshops can also enhance professional growth and development.

The Relationship between Smart Working and Workplace Social Capital: An Italian Case Study on Work Sustainability

The post-pandemic era is characterized by the diffusion of smart working. A review of the scientific literature reveals studies that deepen the understanding of how smart working is linked to people’s well-being. Meanwhile, the literature refers to social capital within organizations as working social capital (WSC) and highlights its different dimensions, which have repercussions on both individual and organizational levels. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between these two constructs. The chosen methodology is a case study of an Italian company (“the Company”). The case study methodology does not aim to generalize results, but rather to provide a detailed and in-depth analysis of a specific context and process. The tool used is a semi-structured interview with all 13 members of the Company. The interviews were examined via thematic analysis. Data analysis was conducted using the software NVivo and both a top-down process from theoretical references and a bottom-up process following the IPA technique. Several themes emerged. The main benefits include flexible work schedules and locations, increased autonomy and comfort, work–life balance, well-being, higher productivity, and efficiency. On the other hand, the main difficulties include social isolation, lack of human contact, increased stress, overwork, the absence of fruitful informal relationships, and the uneasy inclusion of juniors. The impact of these changes on the workplace social capital of the Company is related, in both positive and negative ways, to the bonds between colleagues and clients, employees’ sense of belonging to the Company, new employee engagement, and the need for casual informal relations. From the interviews also emerged how smart working is closely linked to environmental sustainability (reduced pollution) and governance (reduced costs of commuting and workspaces). Introducing the relationship between smart working and WSC broadens the perspective to include social sustainability (physical and mental health, well-being and quality of life) as well. The challenge awaiting companies around the world is to establish a balance between smart working and protecting the dimensions of social capital.

An Indigenous-informed scoping review study methodology: advancing the science of scoping reviews

BackgroundHistorically, Indigenous voices have been silent in health research, reflective of colonial academic institutions that privilege Western ways of knowing. However, Indigenous methodologies and methods with an emphasis on the active involvement of Indigenous peoples and centering Indigenous voices are gaining traction in health education and research. In this paper, we map each phase of our scoping review process and weave Indigenous research methodologies into Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework for conducting scoping reviews.MethodsGuided by an advisory circle consisting of Indigenous Knowledge Keepers and allied scholars, we utilized both Indigenous and Western methods to conduct a scoping review. As such, a circle of Knowledge Keepers provided guidance and informed our work, while our methods of searching and scoping the literature remained consistent with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. In keeping with an Indigenous methodology, the scoping review protocol was not registered allowing for an organic development of the research process.ResultsWe built upon Arksey and O’Malley’s 5-stages and added an additional 3 steps for a combined 8-stage model to guide our research: (1) Exploration and Listening, (2) Doing the Groundwork, (3) Identifying and Refining the Research Question, (4) Identifying Relevant Studies, (5) Study Selection, (6) Mapping Data, (7) Collating, Summarizing and Synthesizing the Data, and lastly, (8) Sharing and Making Meaning. Engagement and listening, corresponding to Arksey and O’Malley (2005)’s optional “consultation stage,” was embedded throughout, but with greater intensity in stages 1 and 8.ConclusionAn Indigenous approach to conducting a scoping review includes forming a team with a wide array of experience in both Indigenous and Western methodologies, meaningful Indigenous representation, and inclusion of Indigenous perspectives to shape the analysis and presentation of findings. Engaging Indigenous peoples throughout the entire research process, listening, and including Indigenous voices and perspectives is vital in reconciliation research, producing both credible and useable information for both Indigenous communities and academia. Our Indigenous methodology for conducting a scoping review can serve as a valuable framework for summarizing Indigenous health-related research.

MARKET REACTION TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BASEL CAPITAL IN SOUTH AFRICAN BANKS: EVENT STUDY APPROACH

This study investigated the stock market reaction and the effect of the implementation of Basel II and Basel III on the stock returns of South African banks. In achieving this aim, this study focused on daily and annual data of six commercial banks from 3rd January 2004 to 31st December 2022. The event study methodology was employed to identify abnormal returns around the specified event dates. The effect of the changes in Basel capital requirements on stock returns was not uniform across the four events. The market reacted favourably to the implementation of the Basel II requirements in the country. There was a significantly negative market reaction to the subsequent full implementation of Basel III official. Finally, higher Basel capital requirements (CAR) was associated with lower bank stock returns. The findings implied that bank regulators increase capital to strengthen the banking system but constrain the maximisation of shareholders’ values.

Teacher curricular sensemaking: Revealing salient moments of a science teacher's (un)certainty in relation to opportunities for students' scientific sensemaking

AbstractThis study explored a middle school science teacher's curricular sensemaking in interaction with their use of an educative storyline curriculum, aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards, that was intentionally designed for more opportunities for students' scientific sensemaking. Using a phenomenological case study methodology, we examined how the focal teacher perceived and resolved (un)certainties in their understanding that emerged in their interaction with the curriculum (i.e., their curricular sensemaking), and how the teachers' curricular sensemaking impacted opportunities for students' scientific sensemaking. Findings served to expand our notions of how teachers engage in curricular sensemaking, when this sensemaking occurs, and what teachers make sense of as they experience a new, reform‐oriented curriculum for the first time. In particular, the focal teacher found two types of (un)certainty to be salient at various time points during his curriculum use: (un)certainty around students' scientific sensemaking through particular science practices and (un)certainty about how to navigate the storyline curriculum using students' ideas to drive learning forward. Cutting across these types of (un)certainty, our findings suggest the need to (1) support teachers in problematizing their own understandings about particular science practices and the extent to which their previous instruction aligns with reform‐oriented conceptualizations of those practices, (2) build teachers' capacity to differentiate between various causes of student discomfort and uncertainty so that students' needs and scientific sensemaking goals can be attended to simultaneously, and (3) provide teachers with opportunities to consider how they might use a variety of participation structures to move learning forward while preserving students' rights and responsibilities for the scientific sensemaking.

ChatGPT in academia: exploring university students’ risks, misuses, and challenges in Jordan

ABSTRACT ChatGPT, a user-friendly and accessible AI tool, offers a revolutionary approach to academic learning. In spite of its benefits, the implementation of ChatGPT into university assignments presents possible risks for students. While extensive global research has studied these risks from students’ perspectives, a notable gap exists in comprehending academics’ standpoints, specifically, in Jordan. This study addresses this gap by conducting semi-structured interviews with 25 academics from various professional backgrounds in both public and private Jordanian universities. Thematic analysis revealed four key risks associated with ChatGPT integration: plagiarism and compromised originality; overdependency on technology; diminished critical thinking skills; and reduced overall assignment quality. The study suggests risk mitigation strategies, including using plagiarism detection software, implementing disciplinary measures upon discovering students resorting to ChatGPT for assignments, raising awareness about ChatGPT’s advantages and risks, and establishing clear guidelines for usage within Jordanian academic institutions. Theoretical contributions encompass filling a literature gap by recognising risks from academics’ perspectives in Jordan and providing deeper insights into their impact on student learning. Practically, the findings emphasise the need of applying guidelines to prevent ChatGPT misuse, thus, enhancing the learning and teaching environment. Recognising study limitations, for instance, context specificity and methodology, underlines the necessity for future research to explore diverse educational contexts and employ mixed methodologies for a more comprehensive understanding of ChatGPT’s impacts on education in Jordan.