Historical Methodology Research Articles

Persianate Dialectics

ABSTRACT In this short reflection on the responses to The Making of Persianate Modernity, the author offers thoughts on the methodology of literary history, on the relationship between history and literature, and on the politics of historical research in general and Persianate studies in particular.

What About the Child? Toward a Catholic Soteriology of Aborted Fetuses.

In this essay, I utilize a historical methodology into Catholic thought on abortion, looking toward the foundational viewpoint of original sin as justification for the need to baptize infants for the sake of their salvation. Then, I highlight how abortion has developed and shifted throughout the twentieth century vis-à-vis Papal Encyclicals and Vatican II. Strikingly, there is a resounding silence on the soteriology of aborted fetuses in Canon Law. Finally, I return to the clinical context to indicate the theological tension between the Catholic Church's foundational belief on the need to baptize and their procedural ethic on the soteriology of aborted fetuses, resulting in the uncertainty of the salvation for unbaptized aborted fetuses.

Negotiating the structural and personal intensities of gender, affects and whiteness through culturally responsive becoming in mathematics

ABSTRACT Marked by growing cultural diversity of the student body alongside education policies grounded in whiteness, the Australian education system is both evolving while tethered to past and ongoing colonial power. Amidst these tensions, we are concerned with how schools and teachers become culturally responsive. Most Australian teachers are not only White but female, thus the White female teacher’s relation to the culturally diverse learner is structural. Utilising life history methodology, we explore how White female mathematics teacher, ‘Lara’ negotiates these relations in a learning area synonymous with exclusion. We argue: 1) culturally responsive becoming in White Australia involves disrupting whiteness; 2) whiteness in the educational encounter is not only raced but gendered and so too is school mathematics; 3) disrupting the exclusivity of mathematics has broader implications. The paper contributes to Australian scholarship on culturally responsive schooling by bringing whiteness and gender more sharply to the fore.

Gendered enterprise: Women and Australian business history

AbstractThis special issue examines women and Australian business history. Contributions explore women's entrepreneurship in small urban businesses, side hustles, agriculture, and family companies. Articles highlight the importance of women's businesses, as a financial necessity for women, their families, and their communities. Authors examine the barriers for women in business, including legislation, licensing, societal expectations, and discrimination. Articles also explore women's intersections with other demographic characteristics, with access to enterprise mediated by class and the rural–urban divide. Finally, contributions examine the way traditional archives have obscured histories of businesswomen, and the opportunities offered by feminist historical methodologies for studying business history.

From Chinggisid to Modern State: Geopolitics and Sovereignty in Central Eurasia during the 17th and 18th Centuries

The decline of the Mongol Empire and its successor states led to anarchy in Central Eurasia from the 16th to the 18th centuries. This era saw the fall of the Timurids and the Ming Dynasty and the rise of new regional powers, including the Kazakhs and Zunggars in Central Asia. Externally, the Manchus, and Russia began influencing Central Asian geopolitics. Meanwhile, significant political, cultural, and scientific developments were taking place in Europe, alongside the rise of colonialism. Although these trends in Europe began to affect Central Asia, the regional powers of the time focused more on European technological innovations than on ideas of sovereignty and statehood. With the acceleration of political and culturalinteractions between the East and the West, mapping and related innovations reached Central Asia and soon became symbols of political hegemony. This strategy, adopted by China’s Ming and Manchu Qing dynasties and Russia, was efficiently utilized in the struggle for dominance in Central Asia. This article examines the last attempts of the regional Kazakh and Zunggar polities as independent states to become the hegemon power in the region within the framework of the role of mapping in Russian and Manchu colonial advances, which has not been sufficiently studied yet. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this study employs historical methodologies, as well as international relations terminologies and theoretical frameworks.

Issues and Debates Surrounding the Cold War era in Africa

This paper examines the issues and debates surrounding the Cold War era in Africa, examining the impact of superpower rivalries on the political and social atmosphere of the continent. The research problem centers on understanding how Cold War politics impacted state-building processes and governance in African states. The primary objectives are to analyze the influence of U.S. and Soviet support on authoritarian regimes, assess the implications for human rights and democracy, and investigate the enduring legacy of these interventions in post-colonial Africa. The research argues that external interventions prioritized geopolitical interests over local sovereignty, fostering corruption and political instability. Utilizing historical methodology, the study relies on secondary sources, including books, journals, and online resources, to provide analysis. The findings reveal that Cold War patronage not only entrenched dictatorial regimes but also hindered the development of independent political institutions, leading to persistent challenges in governance. The paper concludes that understanding the implications of Cold War for Africa is germane for addressing contemporary issues of democracy, human rights, and development, emphasizing the need for a reassessment of external influences in influencing African political trajectories.

Their stories, our history: Ken Daniels

INTRODUCTION: This article forms part of the “Their stories, our history” series which provides information regarding some of the major contributors to the profession of social work in Aotearoa New Zealand. Ken Daniels is featured in this article. METHODS: A life history methodology is used to document some of the contributions made by Ken Daniels. Life history is a qualitative methodology where various forms of data are used to piece together a narrative. Interviews, documents, articles and other historical artifacts have all contributed to the development of this article. FINDINGS: Ken Daniels has pioneered a number of social work advances in the areas of mental health, social work education and the professionalisation of social work. He has also made outstanding contributions nationally and internationally in the field of assisted human reproduction through a time of rapid change. Using a calm, compassionate and determined approach, Ken has been able to navigate through the complexities of practice, policy and education. CONCLUSIONS: Ken Daniels has exemplified a practice which has centred a generalist social work approach, working in different ways and at different systems levels to achieve desired outcomes.

역사, 인종, 젠더와 ‘쌍안경 비전’ - 데이비드 브래들리의 『체니스빌 사건』

David Bradley's The Chaneysville Incident deals with how John Washington, a black male historian, excavates five generations of his family's history and restores the histories of his family and black Americans buried by dominant narratives. This paper first examines the resistance narratives of John's ancestors that he discovers through 'counter-memories' such as Old Jack's storytelling and the records kept by his father and great-grandfather. It then examines how John, frustrated by the limitations of Western historical methodology, uses historical imagination and African notions of death to uncover his father’s suicide as well as the deaths of his great-grandfather and fugitive slaves. Thus it is revealed that employing both oppositional epistemologies leads John to confront the truth of his family history. Furthermore, the paper explores how John's hatred of whites and women begins to unravel as he unearths his family history and begins to move away from fixed ideas about race and gender. Through John's transformation, Bradley suggests a shift in perception that does not favor either of the opposing perspectives, but rather connects the dots between them, as an attitude which American society should seek for in the post-civil rights era when racial tensions still persist.

Theocratic System of Administration in Ekiti Society before Oduduwa: A Discourse in Ekiti-Yoruba Indigenous Political Culture

The concern of this paper is to discuss change and continuity in the traditional political system of the Ekiti Yoruba and to explain how the indigenous political system of administration, which continues at the community level, can contribute to national cohesion and citizenship. It doing so, it interrogates the indigenous political system of Ekiti before Oduduwa which, to the best of our knowledge, has not received any scholarly attention despite its importance. The paper relied on historical methodologies consisting of primary and secondary sources to elicit and interpret its data. The primary source comprised participant observation and oral interviews with indigenous chief priests and prophets in Ekiti societies; secondary sources were extant studies and documents like texts and journal articles. The paper explains the impact of indigenous social institutions in building enduring social ties among group(s) within the Ekiti community and which have continued to complement the administrative structure of government of Ekiti community, including the contemporary system of governance. The adoption of the system and structure, which is organic and an inclusive system, because of its bottom-up approach system and structure, facilitated social commitment and participation of citizens in the administration of their communities. The system has remained significant in the social and political administration of Ekiti society, which is complementary to modern administrative system and can be helpful in the contemporary political system.

THE IMPACT OF THE NEW SILK ROAD INITIATIVE ON THE INTERNATIONAL BALANCE OF POWER

This article examines the effects of the new Silk Road initiative, known as the "Belt and Road Initiative," on the international balance of power. It addresses its impact on revitalizing trade and relations among world nations, both culturally and geopolitically. It also discusses the role of the road in cultural exchange, intellectual and cultural interchange, and its contribution to reducing Western dominance and promoting global peace. The study concludes that the new Silk Road holds strategic importance in reshaping global power balances and the existing international system. The descriptive and analytical methods were employed to review the motives, causes, and challenges of reviving and re-establishing the Silk Road, along with analyzing trade-related figures. Additionally, historical methodology was occasionally used to recount the establishment of the Silk Road.

Accessing the emotional and intangible: combining family history, collaboration and subjectivity as a methodology

How can we get at the intimate worlds of families in the past? This article reflects on a methodology of collaborative critical family history as a way to better understand both what families did in the past and how those histories have been constructed and passed on. Through a collaborative project with family historians and research into my own family, this research project involved a different kind of researcher subjectivity. This article considers how we might use concepts of feeling like, feeling with, and feeling for research participants, both living and dead, to write more ethical histories, and to write histories that are inaccessible through conventional archival methodologies.

How Moscow did not become a world center of marxist anthropology: historian L.V. Danilova, theoretical discussions of the 1960s, and international contacts of soviet scholars

The article analyzes theoretical and methodological discussions in Russian ethnography and historiography of the 1960s. The focus is on the fate of the historian L.V. Danilova and the collection, edited by her, “Problems of the History of Pre-Capitalist Societies” (1968), one of the brightest achievements of the non-dogmatic Marxism of the thaw era. On the basis of new archival materials, it reconstructs the project of the multi-volume publication “Laws of History and Specific Forms of the World Historical Process”, traces the roots of the “new direction” in ethnography, and offers a new reading of the activity of the history methodology sector of the Institute of History. International team of the would-be authors of this project could have made it a notable phenomenon in world Marxist thought. The author concludes that this did not happen because of the opposition of the conservative academic establishment.

States of Resistance: nosocomial and environmental approaches to antimicrobial resistance in Lebanon

Drawing on institutional historical records, interviews and student theses, this article charts the intersection of hospital acquired illness, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), environments of armed conflict, and larger questions of social governance in the specific case of the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) in Lebanon. Taking a methodological cue from approaches in contemporary scientific work that understand non-clinical settings as a fundamental aspect of the history and development of AMR, we treat the hospital as not just nested in a set of social and environmental contexts, but frequently housing within itself elements of social and environmental history. AMR in Lebanon differs in important ways from the settings in which global protocols for infection control or rubrics for risk factor identification for resistant nosocomial outbreaks were originally generated. While such differences are all too often depicted as failures of low and middle-income countries (LMIC) to maintain universal standards, the historical question before us is quite the reverse: how have the putatively universal rubrics of AMR and hospital infection control failed to take account of social and environmental conditions that clearly matter deeply in the evolution and spread of resistance? Focusing on conditions of war as an organized chaos in which social, environmental and clinical factors shift dramatically, on the social and political topography of patient transfer, and on a missing “meso” level of AMR surveillance between the local and global settings, we show how a multisectoral One Health approach to AMR could be enriched by an answering multisectoral methodology in history, particularly one that unsettles a canonical focus on the story of AMR in the Euro-American context.

WATER ARCHITECTURE IN MALAYSIA: A CASE STUDY IN PENANG, 1957-1985

This research is driven by a fundamental recognition of the pivotal role played by water infrastructure in shaping urban environments, particularly within post-colonial settings. Focusing on the transformative period from 1957 to 1985 in Penang, marked by significant governance and societal changes, our objective is to comprehensively analyse the development of post-colonial water architecture. By identifying key factors influencing the design, implementation, and outcomes of water infrastructure projects, we aim to shed light on both successes and challenges faced during this era. Our motivation lies in extracting valuable insights from historical experiences to guide contemporary policymaking and scholarly efforts, with a specific emphasis on enhancing functionality, efficiency, and sustainability. Employing a history methodology encompassing historical analysis, archival research, and case studies, this research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of post-colonial water architecture in Penang, contributing to the broader goal of fostering efficient, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing water infrastructure for improved urban living. This study found that the evolution of water infrastructure during this period in Penang was not merely a response to increasing urbanisation, but was intricately linked to policy decisions, technological advancements, and societal dynamics. One significant discovery pertains to the impact of governance changes on the efficiency and effectiveness of water projects. The shift in governance structures influenced decision-making processes, project implementations, and overall outcomes in the realm of water architecture.

Malacca and Ming Dynasty in 15th-16th Centuries: A Diplomatic Relations and Regional Stability

<em>This study investigates the intricate relationship in diplomacy of Malacca with the Ming Dynasty of China during the 15th century in the Malacca Strait, with a focus on its impact on Diplomatic Relations. Employing a comprehensive historical methodology, including heuristic exploration, critical examination of sources, data interpretation, and historiographical analysis, the research reveals the significant consequences of mutually beneficial diplomatic engagements and trade interactions the bond from two region China and Malacca. When faced with threats came from Majapahit and Siam, Malacca found assistance from China (Ming Dynasty), resulting in the formation of a robust alliance. This diplomatic collaboration commenced with the arrival of Chinese delegated Yin C'ing in 1403 AD and was further reinforced by the influential visit of Cheng Ho in 1409 AD, solidifying the relationship between them. This mutually beneficial relationship not only safeguarded Malacca and elevated its trading stature but also facilitated China's access to valuable spices, while providing military protection from the Ming Dynasty. The deep relations Malacca had with China during the 15th century shows how their strengthened political association, connections and security also helps their cultural interactions.</em>

The Dangerous Art of Text Mining: A Methodology for Digital History by Jo Guldi (review)

The Dangerous Art of Text Mining: A Methodology for Digital History by Jo Guldi (review)

GERAKAN INSTITUSI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI ZAMAN PEMERINTAHAN SULTAN MUHAMMAD SHAFIUDDIN II BIN SULTAN ABU BAKAR TAJUDDIN II (1866 - 1924) SAMBAS

Movement education is the most important element in developing human capital. Education is associated with formal forms through institutions such as study classes, schools, colleges and universities. The existence of educational institutions in developing societies is very important to make society have a high level of civilization. Not to mention the education that has an Islamic nuance that is fully supported by the institution of the sultanate and encouraged by the scholars who are willing to put energy and effort so that the dream of the educational institution stands firmly. Sambas is recognized as the portico of Mecca after Acheh because of the role of its educational institutions that produced outstanding scholars in Sambas and even spread throughout the archipelago and Mecca. The objective of this study is to highlight Islamic education figures such as Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin II bin Sultan Abubakar Tajuddin II (1866 - 1924), Sheikh Ahmad Khathib bin Abdul Ghaffar bin Abdullah bin Muhammad as-Sambasi (1803-1875) and Maharaja Imam Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885 -1976). While the second objective is to highlight Islamic educational institutes such as Madrasah Al-Sulthaniyah which is the foundation of superior education in Sambas. The methodology of this study is to use a historical methodology that uses the Kuntowijoyo model, which is through 4 stage processes, namely heuristics, criticism, analysis and historical writing (historiography). The results of this study found that Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin II bin Sultan Abubakar Tajuddin II (1866 - 1924), Sheikh Ahmad Khathib bin Abdul Ghaffar bin Abdullah bin Muhammad as-Sambasi (1803-1875) and Maharaja Imam Muhammad Basiuni Imran (1885-1976) were figures major in Islamic education in Sambas and Madrasah Al-Sulthaniyah became the basis for the development of Islamic education institutions in Sambas.

NARRATIVES OF THE PAST: TRADITIONAL HISTORICAL WRITINGS IN MANIPUR

This research paper explores the vast collection of traditional historical literature in Manipur, a northeastern state of India renowned for its cultural richness and historical significance. The study examines the evolution and dissemination of Manipuri historical narratives via oral traditions, manuscripts, and chronicles. The article highlights the unique blend of mythology, folklore, and factual accounts that shape the historical understanding of the area. The study examines the role of Meitei chroniclers, who have meticulously documented the social, political, and religious aspects of Manipur, including advancements, royal lineages, and customs. Furthermore, the article explores the methodological challenges and opportunities associated with analysing traditional historical writings, including issues of translation, interpretation, and the preservation of fragile manuscripts. The analysis emphasises on significant literary works such as the "Cheitharol Kumbaba" (Royal Chronicle of Manipur) and "Puya" (sacred texts), highlighting their significance as repositories of cultural memory and identity. Moreover, the study examines the evolution of Manipuri historiography in relation to the influences of colonialism, modernism, and globalisation. This study investigates the utilisation of novel historical methodology and interdisciplinary approaches by contemporary researchers to reevaluate and reinterpret conventional sources. This article underscores the enduring significance of traditional historical literature in Manipur, not just as resources for studying history but also as crucial components of the region's cultural legacy and collective identity.

Eksistensi Wilayah Sukadana dalam Dimensi Sejarah

Sukadana is one of the sub-districts in Ciamis Regency which was administratively established in 1992. The name Sukadana itself is an ancient name and has similarities with the name of several regions in Indonesia with quite old existence. This research is quite important because it can open up views on the meaning of the name Sukadana and is the first research to examine the existence of Sukadana in a historical dimension. Based on this, the author is interested in researching the existence of Sukadana and toponymic of Sukadana seen from the historical dimensions. In this research the author uses historical methodology with stages starting from choosing a topic, collecting evidence, making important notes, evaluating, compiling to presenting. Based on the data collected, it can be seen that the area which is now Sukadana District has been listed since the mid-17th century AD. The name Sukadana itself most likely existed long before that. Morphologically, Sukadana has a very sacred role because it is Karesian whose land status is sima land (leuweung kolot). Research on the history of Sukadana must continue to reveal facts about the past of the Sukadana District area.

Echoes of Loss: Examining Gendered Violence and Legacy in the Armenian Genocide

This article explores the intergenerational transmission of memories among descendants of Armenian Genocide survivors, focusing on perspectives from both males and females. Using an oral history methodology in three provinces– Erznka (modern-day Erzincan), Malatya, and Dersim – the study investigates how narratives of the genocide have been passed down and changed within families. The research emphasizes the gender-specific tactics of the genocide, where Armenian men were often targeted for extermination, while women and children endured forced marches, sexual violence, abductions and forced marriages. By connecting with descendants who carry the post-memory of these events, the study reveals the deep and lasting impact of these atrocities on the Armenian community. Their stories unveil the intricate layers of trauma and resilience that define the Armenian experience and contribute to a broader understanding of genocide and its enduring effects on future generations.