Calculation Methodology Research Articles

Long-Term Hydropower Plant Scheduling Considering Environmental and Economic Criteria

This article is devoted to planning water-energy regimes for hydropower plants, taking into account economic and ecologic criteria. A new methodology based on a probabilistic model of water inflow has been proposed. The probabilistic method requires the calculation of low-water and average-water year typical hydrographs based on the probability curve. This allows the determination of the guaranteed hydropower plant generation schedule with a month time-step. According to the method considered, the mathematical model of the reservoir filling and normal power station operation has been designed. The software for the automated water-energy mode calculation is presented in this paper. The economic feasibility of maximum replacement of thermal power plants in the energy system with more environmentally friendly hydropower plant is substantiated. The methodology of water resources cost calculation and economic efficiency assessment under various hydropower plant regime scenarios have been proposed in the paper. Using the data and characteristics of HPPs and TPPs, an assessment of energy efficiency will be obtained in accordance with the developed methodology to determine the price of water for HPPs and all participants in the water management complex. The results of the implementation of the developed approach indicate that the price of electricity sales in a competitive electricity market can be brought into line with the price of electricity sales generated by thermal power plants, which increases the economic feasibility of the maximum replacement of thermal power plant capacity in the system with more economical and environmentally friendly hydropower plant. The developed method allows for an increase in the efficiency of water resources use and the efficiency of hydropower plant participation in the energy balance, which makes it possible to displace part of the power generated by thermal power plants.

A COMPARATIVE EVALUATING NUMERICAL MEASURE VARIATIONS IN K-MEDOIDS CLUSTERING FOR EFFECTIVE DATA GROUPING

The K-Medoids Clustering algorithm is a frequently employed technique among researchers for data categorization. The primary difficulty addressed in this investigation pertains to the extent of optimality achieved when varying distance computation methodologies are applied within the framework of K-Medoids Clustering. This study is primarily concerned with the application of K-Medoids Clustering, employing a multitude of distance calculation methods, specifically those involving numerical metrics. The aim is to undertake a comparative analysis of Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) values in order to ascertain the most productive distance calculation technique. In this research, the distance calculation methodologies include Manhattan Distance, Jaccard Similarity, Dynamic Time Warping Distance, Cosine Similarity, Chebyshev Distance, Canberra Distance and Euclidean Distance. The dataset consists of sales data from Devi Cosmetics, covering the period between January and April 2022 and comprising 56 distinct sales items. The research provides an exhaustive evaluation of numerical metrics concerning the K-Medoids Clustering algorithm. The findings indicate that the optimal clustering is achieved using the Chebyshev distance, resulting in 9 clusters with a DBI value of 166.632. The study's contribution is that it can improve more optimal data grouping to help make decisions correctly.

Hybrid diagnosis-related groups-The challenge

The introduction of hybrid diagnosis-related groups (DRG) presents new challenges for healthcare providers and health insurances. The same applied in 2023 to the institute designated by the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) to extract medical procedures and calculate remuneration levels for the first hybrid DRGs. Aresponsible calculation methodology and arealistic data basis are required as the result of the calculation can lead to controversy, even to a splitting among specialist groups and constructs. There is also the threat of mismanagement with subsequent supply problems. In this context, aloss of quality can occur due to the use of simple surgical procedures that are less complex and not expensive with respect to material costs and are economical but not state of the art and thus directly worsen the medical care of patients in the statutory health insurance (GKV). Furthermore, it is already becoming apparent that procedures that are uneconomical due to the miscalculation are partially no longer being comprehensively rendered by healthcare providers due to adjustment of the service portfolio. An appropriate compensation of procedures is only possible based on a remuneration that adequately covers the costs. In this respect, this article is not intended to be understood as a"solution to the problem of the internal distribution of the remuneration in hybrid DRGs" but more to offer suggestions for solutions for the required further development of the hybrid DRG compensation level calculation to prevent a threat to the treatment of GKV patients due to mismanagement. As required in §115fof the SozialgesetzbuchV (SGBV), the recalculation of an economic remuneration must be carried out urgently and promptly using an empirical calculation basis and methodology and this must be regularly adapted.

Method for Calculating the Unbalanced Current in Ungrounded Double Wye C-Type Harmonic Filters

This paper presents a methodology to calculate the neutral unbalanced current in C-type filters with an ungrounded double Wye topology; this equipment is widely used in the steel sector to mitigate the harmonic content in electrical installations caused by electric furnaces used in metal smelting processes. A common failure in these filters is the current unbalance caused by the degradation of the capacitor and inductor modules, leading to dangerous surges that affect these components, possible harmonic resonances, and deficient filtering by the equipment. Currently, there are no documented strategies for calculating the neutral current that allow for the proper adjustment of neutral protection in this type of equipment, resulting in catastrophic failures, costly unscheduled shutdowns, and potential harm to plant personnel. In this paper, we propose a methodology for calculating the unbalanced current in double Wye C-type harmonic filters, considering the natural degradation of capacitor and inductor modules and based on on-site measurements of the impedances for each element of the equipment. This allows for the predictive maintenance of these devices and the precise adjustment of neutral overcurrent protection. First, we review the operating principle of C-type harmonic filters and the neutral protection scheme. Then, the calculation methodology is proposed and validated in two practical case studies. In the first case, a 45 Mvar C-type second harmonic filter connected to a 34.5 kV bus is analyzed. In the second case, an 18.5 Mvar C-type second harmonic filter, part of a ±80 Mvar STATCOM system, connected to a 34.5 kV bus is examined. In both cases, these filters reduce the harmonic content in two steel plants: the first connected to a 400 kV bus and the second to a 230 kV bus. The results obtained with the proposed methodology were implemented in the protection device for a neutral current imbalance, considering different degradation values of the capacitors, and compared with the manufacturer’s suggested settings. The discussion highlights the good performance of the proposed methodology, particularly in terms of the protection device’s response speed to a risky unbalanced current.

The HVAC system engineering method for a new family of unified cabins of combine harvesters

BACKGROUND: Designing a combine harvester cabin climate system is a complex and multi-stage process that includes solving a set of tasks. To solve them, a design engineer must have knowledge and skills in various fields, starting with thermal engineering calculations and ending with experimental research methods and computer modeling, which requires a large amount of intellectual and time resources. Therefore, the task of creating a unified method of engineering of combine harvester cabin HVAC system is highly relevant. AIM: Development of the HVAC system for a unified cabin of a grain harvester and a forage harvester. The designed HVAC system is purposed to create a comfortable microclimate in the cabin of the combine for 2 people in summer and winter operating conditions. METHODS: The methodology of calculation and selection of the combine harvester cabin HVAC system, which includes the development of engineering calculation methods and mathematical modeling of thermodynamic and ventilation processes in the cabin, is considered. RESULTS: The main parameters were determined: heat intakes and heat losses for the grain harvester and forage harvester cabins, which amounted to 2.8 and 2.2 kW for the grain harvester, 2.9 and 2.35 kW for the forage harvester; the required air flow rate supplied to the cabin to ensure a comfortable temperature — 740 m3/h; the percentage of air recirculation regarding the conditions of absence of fogging and creation of excessive pressure in the cabin — 75%; the cooling and heating capacity of the HVAC system, taking into account the operating conditions of the combine, are 7.8 and 6.3 kW respectively. The selection of the main equipment of the HVAC system for a unified cabin for a new family of unified cabins of combines — the BUHLER 1000 MFWD evaporator-heater and the Valeo TM16 compressor are chosen. CONCLUSION: The HVAC system designed in accordance with the presented methodology is capable of ensuring a comfortable cabin air temperature in the range of 22–24 °C at various operating modes of the combine harvester in different regions. In addition, the HVAC system parameters eliminate fogging of the cabin windows and the penetration of dusty air inside due to the created excessive pressure.

Optimizing Methane Recovery for Fuels: A Comparative Study of Fugitive Emissions in Biogas Plants, WWTPs, and Landfills

How accurate are current estimation methods for fugitive methane emissions in methane-producing facilities, and how do they vary across biogas plants, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and landfills? Based on this, the hypothesis posited in this study is that current methods significantly underestimate methane emissions, particularly in WWTPs and biogas plants, due to limitations in accounting for recovered methane and the reliance on general parameters such as the oxidation factor. To test this, a comparative analysis was carried out involving 33 biogas plants, 87 WWTPs, and 119 landfills in the Iberian Peninsula, comparing officially recorded data with estimates derived from our own calculations. Our findings confirm the lack of precision in current emission estimation methods, particularly for WWTPs and biogas plants, where factors like the omission of recovered methane lead to underreporting. This study highlights that WWTPs emit the largest amount of methane due to their organic material processing, exceeding emissions from landfills and biogas plants. In contrast, methods for estimating emissions in landfills are found to be more reliable. The results suggest that improving calculation methodologies, especially for WWTPs and biogas plants, as well as enhancing leak monitoring and methane recovery systems, is crucial to reducing the environmental impact of methane-producing facilities.

Heart Rate Estimation Algorithm Integrating Long and Short-Term Temporal Features

Non-contact heart rate monitoring from facial videos utilizing remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) has gained significant traction in remote health monitoring. Given that rPPG captures the dynamic blood flow within the human body and constitutes a time-series signal characterized by periodic properties, this study introduced a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) designed to simultaneously address long-term periodic and short-term temporal characteristics for effective rPPG signal extraction. Firstly, differential operations are employed to preprocess video data, enhancing the face’s dynamic features. Secondly, building upon the 3D CNN framework, multi-scale dilated convolutions and self-attention mechanisms were integrated to enhance the model’s temporal modeling capabilities further. Finally, interpolation techniques are applied to refine the heart rate calculation methodology. The experiments conducted on the UBFC-rPPG dataset indicate that, compared with the existing optimal algorithm, the average absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) realized significant enhancements of approximately 28% and 35%. Additionally, through comprehensive analyses such as cross-dataset experiments and complexity analyses, the validity and stability of the proposed algorithm in the task of heart rate estimation were manifested.

An improved constitutive model for rapid fatigue properties evaluation based on fatigue damage entropy

A constitutive model, which reflects the non-linear response association between microstructural motion and thermodynamic entropy production, is improved in this study. Two critical stress amplitudes associated with two microstructural movement mechanisms are considered in the improved constitutive model. The determination procedures for the parameters of the presented model are developed. Entropy generation data from three materials computed by two calculation methodologies, collected from the experiment and literature, are used to validate the improved model. Subsequently, a rapid fatigue life estimation method is proposed by using the accumulated entropy corresponding to fatigue damage, i.e. FFE, related to irreversible inelastic microstructural motion. Fatigue tests of welded joints fabricated by Q310NQL2 and Q345NQR2 steels, Q235 steel specimens, as well as experimental data, stainless steel specimens, collected from the literature, are employed to determine the values of the parameters of the developed model. The model is then used to forecast the S–N curve of butt joints with a 50% survival probability, and on this basis, the S–N curve with a certain confidence level is well estimated by the improved statistical method. This enhanced model may offer a fast forecast of the P–S–N curve at a certain confidence level within a limited set of tested data ranges.

Diagnosis of GHG Emissions in an Offshore Oil and Gas Production Facility

This work presents a diagnosis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) platforms for oil and gas production offshore, using calculation methodologies from the American Petroleum Institute (API) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). To carry out this analysis, design data of an FPSO platform is used for the GHG emissions estimation, considering operations under steady conditions and oil and gas processing system simulations in the Aspen HYSYS® software. The main direct emission sources of GHG are identified, including the main combustion processes (gas turbines for electric generation and gas turbine-driven CO2 compressors), flaring and venting, as well as fugitive emissions. The study assesses a high CO2 content in molar composition of the associated gas, an important factor that is considered in estimating fugitive emissions during the processes of primary separation and main gas compression. The resulting information indicates that, on average, 95% of total emissions are produced by combustion sources. In the latest production stages of the oil and gas field, it consumes 2 times more energy and emits 2.3 times CO2 in terms of produced hydrocarbons. This diagnosis provides a baseline and starting point for the implementation of energy efficiency measures and/or carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies on the FPSO in order to reduce CO2 and CH4 emissions, as well as identify the major sources of emissions in the production process.

DECARBONIZING FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION IN BRAZIL: METHODOLOGIES, RESULTS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

Objective: The objective of this technological article is to present a practical tool for calculating CO2 emissions based on fuel consumption applied in a small road freight transport company. Theoretical Framework: There are 4 methods available in the literature for calculating CO2 emissions produced during cargo transport, which stand out for their applicability: (1) GHG Procol; (2) MNT; (3) DEFRA; and (4) GLEC. The authors (Leonardi & Baumgartner, 2004; Lewis et al., 2016) have methodologies for calculating emissions from freight transport, which currently present significant variability in the approaches and databases recommended. The main methodologies in this area are based on two main foundations: (1) fuel-based methodologies; (2) activity-based methodologies. Method: The calculation methodology used is based on fuel consumption (bottom-up), which considered the characteristics of the target fleet, the number of vehicles and their technological phase, the actual intensity of fleet use in operation, and real fuel consumption. Results and Discussion: From this initial information, it was possible to obtain the volume of CO2 emissions specific to the fleet, considering vehicles using regular diesel and biodiesel (S10). The results indicated a fleet CO2 emission of 1,643 tons per year with the use of biodiesel (S10), representing a 10.5% reduction compared to the total CO2 emission from regular diesel. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of [insert field of study]. These implications could encompass [list impacted areas or sectors]. Originality/Value: This technological article contributes to the presentation of a review of CO2 emission calculation models available in the literature and the selection of a methodology for easy application for small and medium-sized road freight transport companies.

Defining a pattern in the loss of integrity by ribbed plates under fire conditions

This paper reports a study aimed at assessing fire resistance of reinforced concrete ribbed slabs at the onset of integrity loss limit state. EN 1992-1-2 lacks calculation methodology for determining the limit of fire resistance of reinforced concrete slabs when the limit state of integrity loss occurs. Scientific works are focused on two limit states of fire resistance: load-bearing capacity and heat-insulating capacity. Experimental tests are criticized because of difficulties in registering signs of the onset of the limit state of loss of integrity, in particular due to the need to control the unheated surface of the ribbed plate during a fire under the action of mechanical load. Therefore, there is no calculation methodology for assessing the fire resistance of reinforced concrete ribbed slabs upon the onset of the limit state of loss of integrity. At the same time, to ensure the safe evacuation of people in the event of a fire, to prevent the spread of fire, as well as to carry out the effective work of rescuers, it is necessary to use building structures with guaranteed fire resistance classes. The paper reports the results of solving thermal engineering and static problems, which relate to the temperature distribution and stress-strain state of the investigated ribbed plate. Conducting research into the fire resistance of reinforced concrete ribbed slabs, taking into account the onset of the limit state of loss of integrity, made it possible to establish the dependence of the fire resistance limit of these structures on the loss of integrity on the level of applied mechanical load. The resulting dependence plot makes it possible to evaluate reinforced concrete ribbed slabs according to the criterion of the onset of the limit state of loss of integrity, which provides an opportunity to determine fire resistance more objectively

Comparison of Methodologies for Absolute Binding Free Energy Calculations of Ligands to Intrinsically Disordered Proteins.

Modulating the function of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) with small molecules is of considerable importance given the crucial roles of IDPs in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Reported binding affinities for ligands to diverse IDPs vary broadly, and little is known about the detailed molecular mechanisms that underpin ligand efficacy. Molecular simulations of IDP ligand binding mechanisms can help us understand the mode of action of small molecule inhibitors of IDP function, but it is still unclear how binding energies can be modeled rigorously for such a flexible class of proteins. Here, we compare alchemical absolute binding free energy calculations (ABFE) and Markov-State Modeling (MSM) protocols to model the binding of the small molecule 10058-F4 to a disordered peptide extracted from a segment of the oncoprotein c-Myc. The ABFE results produce binding energy estimates that are sensitive to the choice of reference structure. In contrast, the MSM results produce more reproducible binding energy estimates consistent with weak mM binding affinities and transient intermolecular contacts reported in the literature.

About expediency of changing the connection diagram of hot water supply units

PURPOSE. The article is devoted to an urgent problem for domestic district heating. A widespread situation is considered when consumers from heat supply systems with a closed connection scheme for hot water supply plants are switched to an open heat supply system from a thermal power plant. METHODS. Study of operating modes of operating heat supply systems was performed. Data collection was carried out using an online system for monitoring and commercial accounting of energy resources. Methodology for calculation of compared mode parameters is proposed. RESULTS. Using the example of the existing heat supply system, it is shown that the effect of the measure to switch subscribers of uneconomical boiler houses to heat sources with combined heat and power generation is leveled by legislative restrictions on the development of open heat supply systems, as well as by the regulatory method for determining heat consumption in hot water supply systems. The main technical and economic indicators were selected for comparative analysis of the operation of the centralized heat supply system in conditions of complete switching of hot water supply plants according to an open circuit and in the presence of a certain number of hot water supply plants with a closed connection scheme. CONCLUSION. The period of inefficient operation of the centralized heat supply system was determined and the amount of annual economic damage was calculated, which made it possible to prove the need to bring all schemes for connecting hot water supply plants in one heat supply system to a single type.

Calculation of critical endpoints and phase diagrams of highly asymmetric binary systems

The computation of Global Phase Equilibrium Diagrams (GPED) for binary systems, including critical and three-phase equilibrium curves, is crucial for analyzing process conditions and assessing thermodynamic models. In the past two decades, algorithmic strategies and GPEC software have become essential tools. However, numerical problems can arise with the original algorithm for highly asymmetric systems, such as gases or water with heavy compounds or polymers, hindering the completion of GPED and related diagrams.This study presents an innovative calculation methodology to address these challenges. Our approach extends existing algorithms to achieve automatic GPED generation without user intervention, focusing on nearly pure phases. We apply our methodology to systems such as methane or water with heavy alkanes, and CO2 + silicones. The proposed algorithmic strategies effectively handle asymmetric systems, different types of phase behavior, and the estimation of extremely low concentrations in nearly pure phases along the vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium curve.

Демографічні втрати балканських країн унаслідок воєн

Looking at the current state in which Ukraine found itself due to the Russian-Ukrainian war, many questions arise regarding the possibility of estimating demographic losses resulting from this war. A study of the demographic losses of the Western Balkan countries during the most recent wars in this region is a useful preparation for approbation of a methodological basis for future calculations. Therefore, it is currently relevant to study the specifics of the use of general methodological approaches for determining losses under the conditions of a specific social disaster; to assess the demographic losses of the republics of the former Yugoslavia resulting from the Balkan wars, taking into account the specifics of the course of the crisis and the available information base; to determine the possibility of applying the used approaches to the assessment of demographic losses resulting from the Russian-Ukrainian war. The purpose of the article is an attempt to estimate the demographic losses of the republics of the former Yugoslavia resulting from the Balkan wars. The tasks are the analysis of available data and research on demographic losses and obtaining authors’ own assessment of them. The scientific novelty is the generalized information from various sources and the study of the specifics of its formation, the authors’ assessment of the excess mortality and the birth deficit in some republics of the former Yugoslavia. For the purposes of the analysis, the authors provided a chronology of events in the Western Balkans of the late 20th and early 21st centuries and identified sources of information on losses for each former Yugoslav republic. However, despite the fact that many sources can be found in open access, they differ in the diversity of data, calculation methodology, and completeness of presentation. The article presents generalized information on the number of dead as a result of military conflicts based on several analytical sites. The authors defined two approaches, according to which demographic losses can be calculated: the first is the assessment of direct and indirect losses; the second is the use of the demographic balance equation, when excess mortality and birth deficit are estimated. In all the resources cited in the article, the determination of losses is carried out according to the first approach, the authors of the article made an attempt to estimate demographic losses according to the second approach. Using this approach, based on Eurostat data, it was possible to determine losses for only three countries: Serbia, Slovenia, and Croatia. For two regions, Eurostat does not provide demographic data for the years of active military operations: for Bosnia and Herzegovina for 1992—1995, for Kosovo for 1998—2001. In Macedonia, the number of casualties was small, which makes it impractical to build a hypothetical model, while Montenegro managed to avoid war altogether. So, both approaches have one common problem — the lack of a reliable information base. However, differences in loss estimates between the two approaches are natural due to the use of different methodological tools. Nevertheless, the magnitude and causes of large differences require additional research. It should be noted that there are quite a lot of estimates of direct losses, but at the time of the study, the authors were not aware of attempts to estimate excess mortality in individual republics of the former Yugoslavia. The obtained estimates require critical analysis and, if necessary, adjustments. The direction is the reconstruction (or clarification) of demographic dynamics (especially for Bosnia and Herzegovina) taking into account long-term demographic trends.

Substantiation of the methodology for calculating the design of a small-sized hydraulic pulse vibrator

A methodology for the design calculation of a new design of a hydraulic pulse vibrator with a valve pressure pulse generator of a parametric type has been developed, which allows determining its energy, power and geometric parameters.

A REVIEW on PRIMARY ENERGY RATIO VALUES of GAS ENGINE DRIVEN HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS

This study reviews the primary energy ratio values of gas engine driven heat pump systems in order to compare gas engine driven heat pump systems among themselves or with heat pump systems using different energy sources in terms of efficiency values. A comprehensive literature review of studies investigating primary energy rates of gas-driven heat pump systems have been presented. The primary energy ratios obtained in the studies on gas driven heat pump systems were determined and tabulated. In addition, waste heat recovery rates in these systems were also investigated. Studies in the relevant field are grouped as experimental and theoretical. Additionally, the differences in the examined system structures are stated and primary energy ratios are presented. Primary energy rates of systems with and without heat recovery were examined. There is no compilation study on the subject in the literature. The calculation methodology used and the obtained values for calculating the primary energy rates of gas-driven heat pumps are presented. Thus, the energy efficiency and environmental evaluations of the examined systems are presented in the light of the literature. In addition, which refrigerants were used in the studies conducted in the literature are presented. Recommendations are provided on choosing alternative and sustainable refrigerants.

Simulation and modelling approach for bubblers effect into molten glass tank

The usage of air bubblers plays an important role in the glass-making industrial process because it enhances the global heat transfer efficiency and especially the uniformity and quality of the finished products. However, glass manufacturers rely on field practice to run their plants, due to the extreme difficulty of conducting experimental investigations in melting tanks. CFD analysis represents a powerful tool to optimize operating parameters and positioning of bubblers and other components, not only in existing plants, but also in the design of new furnaces.In the present paper, the behaviour of bubble columns in highly viscous liquids at high temperature was analysed using the Eulerian multiphase model. The macroscopic effect of the column on the surrounding fluid was translated in a locally momentum source term that was introduced in the single-phase CFD model developed in this study. This solution approximates the multiphase nature of the problem in a reliable way and it is of fast integration in comprehensive models of furnaces.A clear methodology to determine the diameter of the bubbles and the velocity of the bubble chain in the buoyancy source term calculus are presented and analysed in detail. In addition, a validation process based on the comparison with other theoretical and empirical studies on the subject was carried out in detail: it includes the evaluation of the bubble chains properties and effects by varying the liquid viscosity and the inlet gas flow, that is the real operational parameter in industry. Moreover, the effects of the variable height of the bubblers were investigated using the results of a single-phase model of a real industrial glass tank.The analysis of the obtained results shows that the model and the calculation methodologies followed in this work can be effectively applied in the dimensioning process of industrial glass tanks or to optimize existing plants.

THERMAL TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITION OF IVG.1M RESEARCH REACTOR CORE UNDER VARIOUS OPERATING MODES

The relevance of the study is related to the determination of the thermal characteristics of the IVG.1M research reactor core with the low enriched uranium fuel under the nominal and design operating modes. The thermal technological condition of the IVG.1M research reactor during the start-up are determined by the readings of the temperature, pressure and coolant flow sensors of the information and measuring system. The indirect methods including the computer simulating ones are used to determine the temperature of the core structural materials and the distribution of the coolant temperature by the height of the fuel assembly. The research has been carried out using the method of the finite element analysis using the ANSYS Fluent software package. The study goal was to verify the adequacy of the calculation methodology and obtain the calculated data on the temperature distribution in the fuel assembly in the reactor power range from the nominal to design one. The article presents a description of the IVG.1M reactor, the research methodology, computer model, simulation results and the comparison of the calculated data with the experimental ones. The study scientific novelty consists in determining the temperature conditions of the fuel rods during the reactor operation at various levels of the design capacity with a conservative approach to the cooling conditions. The significance of the research results lies in the fact that a computer model can be used to determine the characteristics of the IVG.1M reactor core under the reactor various operating modes and to analyze the thermohydraulic processes in the fuel assembly.

Development of the calculation methodology of cross-beam foundation on the sloping base complicated by karst and sinkhole processes

Development of the calculation methodology of cross-beam foundation on the sloping base complicated by karst and sinkhole processes