Program Development Methodology Research Articles

Quality criteria for educational and methodological provision at the department of therapeutic dentistry of the faculty of dentistry in preparing future practitioners

The article deals with the methodological provision of the educational process, namely the creation of a complex of educational and methodological materials and dental equipment for students and interns when conducting practical manipulations in the specialty "Dentistry" according to the latest training systems during martial law.Aim. The main task of the faculty of dentistry is to train highly qualified specialists who possess high fundamental, general medical, and professional preparation in theoretical and practical skills.Material and methods. Therefore, higher education teachers face a number of essential tasks such as methodology for educational program development, designing a set of teaching and learning materials in the discipline, and implementing individual psychological approaches to each student.Results. Educational and methodological provision is a set of materials in printed and electronic form. In turn, teaching materials can be information (multimedia presentations, training videos, computer training programs, etc.), which is systematized by the purpose of the discipline or standard education program, presented in a form convenient for use in the educational process [3,4]. For successful mastery of the discipline by students in the specialty “Dentistry” and optimization of the educational process, a set of academic and methodological materials have been developed, which included the following stages:I. Development of a syllabus on the discipline "Therapeutic Dentistry" from 2020, which is included in the curriculum for training the relevant specialty, based on the standard educational program.II. Preparation of theoretical material on the discipline in accordance with the requirements of educational qualification characteristics and educational and professional programs for training specialists, methods of conducting practical classes, didactic and control materials:- sets of theoretical questions, tests and case studies on the discipline by the topic;- structural and logical schemes of the content arranged by topics, sections, and structural modules;- sets of tables on topics;- database of instructional and regulatory documents;- multimedia presentations of lectures;- a set of examination cards;- criteria for assessing students' knowledge and skills on the discipline;- a list of the availability of literature for the discipline, a list of scientific literature sources, and information resources from the Internet;- database of teaching and learning materials on the department's website.III. Systematization, structuring and design of educational materials.IV. Approbation and correction of materials.V. Replication of materials in printed or electronic form:- requirements for students in the specialty "Dentistry" according to the syllabus;- methodological guidelines of the lecture course for teachers;- a course of lectures on "Therapeutic Dentistry" for students;- methodological guidelines of practical classes for teachers;- methodical instructions of practical classes for students;- protocols for practical classes;- a collection of test tasks on the discipline developed for knowledge control in practical classes;- methodological guidelines for self-study work of students;- a collection of test tasks for self-study work.Conclusion. The complex of educational and methodological materials and their structuring, from the standpoint of the logic of cognitive activity of future specialists, will help acquire knowledge in this discipline and contribute to their qualified application by the future doctor in practical activities.

Using Intervention Mapping to Develop and Adapt Two Educational Interventions to Increase HPV Vaccination Among Hispanic Adolescents

Background: HPV vaccination among Hispanic adolescents falls below the national goal. Tailored interventions to increase vaccination among Hispanic populations are needed to reach national goals and to reduce HPV-related cancer disparities. Aim: We used the intervention mapping (IM) framework to develop and adapt two educational interventions, a print fotonovela and a tailored interactive multimedia intervention (TIMI), targeting Hispanic parents of adolescents to increase HPV vaccine uptake. Methods: To develop the interventions, we followed IM steps 1-6 to 1) develop a logic model of the problem and identify modifiable factors associated with vaccination by conducting literature reviews, focus groups, and in-depth interviews with Hispanic parents; 2) develop behavioral outcomes, identify determinants, and develop a matrix of change objectives; 3) develop a program theme and program components, identify theoretical methods, and operationalize methods as practical applications; 4) develop an intervention design plan; 5) develop implementation strategies; and 6) evaluate the interventions. To adapt the interventions, we followed steps 1-6 for the new target population, Hispanic parents of adolescent males. Throughout the adaptation process, we assessed the outputs from the original intervention development process to identify needed adaptations. Results: Through formative research in step 1, we identified modifiable determinants associated with parental decision-making about vaccinating their daughters. In step 2, we crossed performance objectives with these factors to produce a matrix of change objectives that served as a blueprint for program development. We then identified tailoring and targeting, framing and anticipated regret, modeling, skill building, and education and counseling as theoretical methods to address the determinants and create behavior change. We produced two program components, a print fotonovela and TIMI, with the theme “For Our Daughters.” Our implementation plan identified lay health workers as implementers. A logic model of change guided evaluation planning. We later adapted the intervention content for parents of Hispanic adolescent males and changed the theme to “For Our Children.” We identified new knowledge gaps as parents were less informed about the HPV vaccine for males. We made surface adaptations including filming new scenes to produce a new fotonovela and TIMI. We conducted content analysis to ensure intervention messages corresponded to change objectives. Conclusion: IM provided a systematic methodology for program development and adaptation to produce two educational interventions to increase HPV vaccination among Hispanic adolescents. Tasks in each step built upon one another integrating findings from the literature, previous research, qualitative findings, and theory. The systematic process allowed us to develop messages and materials targeting factors beyond HPV knowledge or awareness to create behavior change.

Using Intervention Mapping to Develop and Adapt Two Educational Interventions for Parents to Increase HPV Vaccination Among Hispanic Adolescents.

Introduction: Effective interventions to increase HPV vaccination are needed to reach national vaccination goals and to reduce later HPV-related cancer disparities. We used Intervention Mapping (IM) to develop and adapt a theory- and evidence-based educational intervention targeting parents of Hispanic adolescents to increase HPV vaccination.Methods: We followed IM steps 1–6 to: (1) develop a logic model and identify modifiable factors associated with vaccination among Hispanic adolescents by conducting literature reviews, focus groups, and in-depth interviews with Hispanic parents; (2) develop outcomes, write performance objectives, and develop a matrix of change objectives; (3) develop and identify a program theme, program components, theoretical methods, and practical applications; (4) develop an intervention design plan; (5) develop implementation strategies; and (6) develop an evaluation plan. We completed Steps 1–6 for to develop an intervention targeting parents of females, and we followed the steps again to adapt the program once HPV vaccine recommendations included males.Results: The program Por Nuestras Hijas (For Our Daughters) included two components: a print fotonovela and a tailored interactive multimedia intervention (TIMI). The program utilized the methods tailoring, targeting, framing, anticipated regret, modeling, skill building, and education and counseling to target the following determinants: parental knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, skills, perceived benefits/barriers, perceived susceptibility, perceived norms, and outcome expectations as modifiable factors influencing HPV vaccination. Lay health workers implemented the program in community clinics. A logic model of change guided evaluation planning. We later adapted the outcome and intervention content for parents of Hispanic adolescent males and changed the theme to Por Nuestros Hijos (For Our Children). Throughout the development and adaptation processes, we relied on theory, empirical evidence, and new data to make decisions.Discussion: IM provided a systematic methodology for program development and adaptation. Tasks in each step built upon one another integrating findings from the literature, previous research, qualitative findings, and theory to develop two educational programs for parents to increase HPV vaccination. The systematic process allowed us to develop messages and materials targeting factors beyond HPV knowledge or awareness to create behavior change.

Kako do efikasnog studijskog programa akademskih studija

This work deals with the methodology of the efficient study program development. The author pointed out a number of external and internal requirements related to the curricula content its pedagogy and way of delivering the knowledge putting the student at the center of the education and how important is to appreciate the methodology of program developing process. Special attention was paid to the area of Geomatics.

Derivative Works Under the GNU General Public License

This article discusses the treatment of derivative works under the GNU General Public License. It argues that the functioning of the GPL depends upon a definition of derivative work that is significantly broader than that employed by the Copyright Act or the courts. This over-broad definition ultimately leads to nonsensical results in the face of many modern program development and distribution methodologies. This article visits a number of fact-patterns to help illuminate possible weaknesses and inconsistencies in the GPL definition of derivative work.

Software-Based Self-Test for Small Caches in Microprocessors

Nowadays, on-line testing is essential for modern microprocessors to detect latent defects that either escape manufacturing testing or appear during system operation. Small memories, such as L1 caches and translation lookaside buffers (TLBs) are not usually equipped with memory built-in self-test (MBIST) hardware. Software-based self-test (SBST) is a flexible and low-cost solution for on-line March test application and error detection in such small memories. Although, L1 caches and TLBs are small components, their reliable operation is crucial for the system performance due to the large penalties caused when L1 cache or TLB misses occur. In this paper, an SBST program development methodology is proposed for on-line testing of small cache memories in microprocessors. To overcome testability challenges that are due to the “hidden” or implicit operation of such memories, the proposed SBST methodology exploits: 1) existing special purpose instructions that modern instruction set architectures implement to access these cache arrays for debug-diagnostic (DD) purposes, termed hereafter direct cache access instructions and 2) performance monitoring and trap handling mechanisms. Besides, the proposed SBST methodology combines features that are crucial for on-line testing: a) compact test validation; b) simplified coding style; c) low invasiveness of the test program; and d) small memory footprint. The methodology is comprehensively demonstrated on the instruction and data L1 cache arrays and the instruction and data TLB arrays of OpenSPARC T1. Experimental results show that the exploitation of such DD instructions has a significant improvement of test time (up to 86% for instruction L1 cache, up to 87% for the data L1 cache, up to 37% for D-TLB, and up to 91% for I-TLB) when compared to SBST solutions that do not utilize these types of instructions.

Red5와 Node.js를 활용한 실시간 음성 및 영상 시스템의 설계 및 구현

The Web is a way to share documents and communicate. However, voice and video data can be transmission in real time and currently being developed by the objects and the objects that interact to further develop the Internet. Existing video and audio programs to transmission data to the interface of different types of systems a lot of constraint condition on the cost of the interface, extensibility. In this paper, voice and audio transmission system a different operating system, improve the constraints ∙제1저자 : 김혁진 ∙교신저자 : 곽우영 ∙투고일 : 2014 07. 25, 심사일 : 2014. 08. 18, 게재확정일 : 2014. 09. 22. * 청운대학교 컴퓨터학과(Dept. of Computer Science, Chungwoon University) **호서대학교 산학협력단 기업협력부(Dept. of Business Colaboration, Industry-Academy Colaboration group, Hoseo University) ※ 본 논문은 2014학년도 청운대학교 학술연구조성비 지원에 의하여 연구되었음. 160 Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information October 2014 of the ERP system compatibility and extensibility is a open source based system developed by the research. The program is different types of systems and interface, extensibility with program design and development methodologies, and open source-based system composed This system is good for cost saving and extensibility. Therefore, systems research and development, Extensibility and excellent on the interface, system design and development methodologies, such as real-time video conferencing, HMI, and take advantage of your video available from SNS. ▸

Alice 프로그래밍을 통한 객체 지향 시각 프로그래밍 교육의 평가 지표 개발 및 유용성 분석

객체 지향 시각 프로그래밍 교육에 대한 연구는 학생들이 프로그램 개발을 진행하는 과정 혹은 프로그래밍을 교수하는 방법론과 프로그램 개발을 위한 적합성 분석 및 설계 방법론을 찾는 것과 관련된다. 학생들이 프로그래밍 교육에서 학습에 어려움을 겪고 있는 객체 지향 프로그램 개발 능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 교육 방법으로 이 논문에서는 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 교육에서 객체 지향 시각 프로그래밍 교육을 적용하고 평가하기 위한 평가 지표를 개발하고, Alice 프로그래밍을 통한 시각 프로그래밍 교육 방법론과 교과과정을 도입한다. 이 논문에서 제시된 시각 프로그래밍 교육의 평가 지표는 시각 프로그래밍 언어/도구를 사용할 때 학생들의 프로그래밍 교육에 대한 적합성을 측정하고 분석하여 학생들의 이해력, 추상화 능력, 프로그램 구현 능력과 학생들의 수준별 적합성을 측정하고 분석한다. The research of the object-oriented visual programming education is related to investigate the instructional method for computer programming, the process for program development for students, and the suitability analysis and design methodology for program development. In order to develop the educational methodology for the students who have the difficulties to study the computer programming and to enhance the abilities for the development of object-oriented programs, in this paper, we suggest the evaluation metrics to apply and assess for the object-oriented programming education. Also, we introduce the visual programming education methodology and curriculum using Alice programming. The evaluation metrics for the visual programming education suggested in this paper, is accepted when the visual programming languages/tools are used in the programming education to assess and analyze the suitabilities for the programming education for students, so to utilize the analyses for abilities of understanding, abstraction, and program implementation by level.

DNA Tiles, Wang Tiles and Combinators

We investigate the relation between Combinatory Logic and Wang Tiles with the aim of studying Combinators as a programming language for Self-Assembly and DNA computing. We introduce a subset of Combinatory Logic, SKI#, which is Turing Complete, includes simply Typed Combinatory Logic and contains only combinators whose computations require finitely many different redexes. Then, we define a language of Tiles, SKI-Tile, for the representation and the computation of the terms of SKI# in Self-Assembly. Moreover, we introduce a program development methodology that given any computable function, expressed in SKI#, provides a finite set of Tiles that self-assemble to return the computations of the function applications. Finally, the methodology is applied to the derivation of a SKI-Tile program that self-assemble to compute the factorial function.

MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OF THE AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME PROBLEM

The article deals with basic questions of improving the methodology of aircraft maintenance program development in operation and the principles of mathematical model of control of transport aircraft maintenance program were proved. These principles are based on theoretical generalizations related to the study of manufacturing processes in the aircraft maintenance.

A Coalgebraic Perspective on Logical Interpretations

In Computer Science stepwise refinement of algebraic specifications is a well-known formal methodology for rigorous program development. This paper illustrates how techniques from Algebraic Logic, in particular that of interpretation, understood as a multifunction that preserves and reflects logical consequence, capture a number of relevant transformations in the context of software design, reuse, and adaptation, difficult to deal with in classical approaches. Examples include data encapsulation and the decomposition of operations into atomic transactions. But if interpretations open such a new research avenue in program refinement, (conceptual) tools are needed to reason about them. In this line, the paper's main contribution is a study of the correspondence between logical interpretations and morphisms of a particular kind of coalgebras. This opens way to the use of coalgebraic constructions, such as simulation and bisimulation, in the study of interpretations between (abstract) logics.

Software-Based Self Test Methodology for On-Line Testing of L1 Caches in Multithreaded Multicore Architectures

The flexibility that allows the application of different March tests is a critical requirement for on-line testing of memory arrays. In a previous study, we have introduced a low-cost software-based self test (SBST) program development methodology for on-line periodic testing of L1 caches that utilizes direct cache access (DCA) instructions and exploits the native monitoring hardware available in modern architectures. In this brief, we discuss a multithreaded optimization of this SBST methodology that exploits the thread level parallelism of multithreaded multicore architectures in order to speed up March test execution by elaborating the low level multiple sub-bank cache organization. The effectiveness of the methodology and its multithreaded optimization is demonstrated on the L1 caches of OpenSPARC T1 processor. Our results showed a speedup of more than 1.7 when the multithreaded optimization is applied and an acceptable performance overhead (less than 11%), even in intensive periodic test scenarios.

On aircraft scheduled maintenance program development

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present issues and challenges of scheduled maintenance task development within the maintenance review board (MRB) process, and to find potential areas of improvement in the application of the MSG‐3 methodology for aircraft systems.Design/methodology/approachThe issues and challenges as well as potential areas of improvement have been identified through a constructive review that consists of two parts. The first part is a benchmarking between the Maintenance Steering Group (MSG‐3) methodology and other established and documented versions of reliability‐centred maintenance (RCM). This benchmarking focuses on the MSG‐3 methodology and compares it with some RCM standards to identify differences and thereby find ways to facilitate the application of MSG‐3. The second part includes a discussion about methodologies and tools that can support different steps of the MSG‐3 methodology within the framework of the MRB process.FindingsThe MSG‐3 methodology is closely related to the RCM methodology, in which the anticipated consequences of failure are considered for risk evaluation. However, MSG‐3 considers neither environmental effects of failures nor operational consequences of hidden failures. Furthermore, in MSG‐3, the operational check (failure‐finding inspection) is given priority before all other tasks, whereas in RCM it is considered as a default action, where there is no other applicable and effective option. While RCM allows cost‐effectiveness analysis for all failures that have no safety consequences, MSG‐3 just allows it for failures with economic consequences. A maintenance program that is established through the MRB process fulfils the requirements of continuous airworthiness, but there is no foundation to claim that it is the optimal or the most effective program from an operator's point‐of‐view. The major challenge when striving to achieve a more effective maintenance program within the MRB process is to acquire supporting methodologies and tools for adequate risk analysis, for optimal interval assignments, and for selection of the most effective maintenance task.Originality/valueThe paper presents a critical review of existing aircraft scheduled maintenance program development methodologies, and demonstrates the differences between MSG‐3 and other RCM methodologies.

Formalizing mathematics in higher-order logic: A case study in geometric modelling

An innovative attempt to develop formal techniques of specification, proof, and program extraction in geometric modelling is reported through the axiomatization of the mathematical model of the combinatorial maps in the calculus of inductive constructions (CIC), a variety of type theory well suited for mechanizing mathematics in higher-order logic. A hierarchical specification of ordered sorts is presented and validated by inductive proofs of consistency and completeness in the Coq system, a prover built on CIC. Automatic extraction of functional algorithms from constructive proofs is investigated through the development of a prototype. Classical difficulties in formal specification and theorem proving – like cohabitation of objects with their generalization in the same hierarchy, smooth handling of subtyping, completion of partial relations or objects, observationality vs. constructivism, and symmetry of relations – are addressed, not only at the formal specification and theorem proving level but also from the prototyping viewpoint. Geometrical modelling issues are thus solved in a new and unquestionable fashion, giving a great insight on the domain and a deep understanding of the model. A methodology of formal program development that could apply to other areas of computer science is then proposed.

Contraceptive introduction reconsidered: a new methodology for policy and program development.

Although new contraceptive technology has the potential for providing women with expanded options for fertility control, the historical record of international family planning shows that, in practice, introduction of new methods has not always broadened reproductive choice. Using the example of introduction of intrauterine devices into the Indian family planning program in the 1960s, we show that an exclusive focus on the technology itself is problematic and argue that methodologies are needed that relate introduction of new methods to user needs and program capacities. We summarize key findings from the Indonesian experience with Norplant introduction. Although an effort was made to address problems with previous approaches, major deficiencies in both the technical and interpersonal dimensions of care arose when the implants were made broadly available within the program. We subsequently present a methodology for contraceptive introduction developed by the World Health Organization. This methodology emphasizes the social and institutional context in which technology is used and suggests a participatory and research-based approach to program and policy development. We illustrate results from this new approach in its implementation in Vietnam and suggest areas for further evaluation.

Generating Solutions to the N-Queens Problem Using 2-Circulants

The N-Queens problem (originally the 8-Queens problem) has been studied for more than a century [3, 10, 11, 13]. The problem attracted the attention of several famous mathematicians, including Gauss [10, 13] and P61ya [14]. During the last three decades, the problem has been discussed in the context of computer science and used as an example of backtracking algorithms, permutation generation, the divide and conquer paradigm, program development methodology, constraint satisfaction problems, integer programming, and specification [7]. Some practical applications, such as parallel memory storage schemes, VLSI testing, traffic control, and deadlock prevention are also mentioned in the literature [7, 81. The N-Queens problem is to place N mutually nonattacking queens on an N x N chessboard. In other words, the objective is to place N queens on an N X N chessboard in such a way that no two are on the same row, column or diagonal. Example board configurations for 2-, 3-, and 4-Queens problems are given in FIGURE 1. As can be observed, there is no solution for the 2-Queens and the 3-Queens problem. However, there is a solution for the 4-Queens problem. In this configuration, none of the queens are on the same row, column, or diagonal.

Program derivation with verified transformations — a case study

AbstractA program development methodology based on verified program transformations is described and illustrated through derivations of a high level bisimulation algorithm and an improved minimum‐state DFA algorithm. Certain doubts that were raised about the correctness of an initial paper‐and‐pencil derivation of the DFA minimization algorithm were laid to rest by machine‐checked formal proofs of the most difficult derivational steps. Although the protracted labor involved in designing and checking these proofs was almost overwhelming, the expense was somewhat offset by a successful reuse of major portions of these proofs. In particular, the DFA minimization algorithm is obtained by specializing and then extending the last step in the derivation of the high level bisimulation algorithm.Our experience suggests that a major focus of future research should be aimed towards improving the technology of machine checkable proofs — their construction, presentation, and reuse. This paper demonstrates the importance of such a technology to the verification of programs and program transformations. We believe that the utility of transformational systems to program development will ultimately rest on a practical program correctness technology. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Formalizing and implementing Gries' program development method in dynamic logic

In his book, “The Science of Programming”, David Gries introduces a methodology for program development based on a guarded-command language with a predicate transformer semantics and an invariance rule for loops. It is “centered around the concept of a formal proof”. However, the proofs referred to are not carried out in a formal system and are thus suceptible to errors. Therefore, and also because of the possibility to connect this method with other approaches to formal program development we deem it worthwhile to provide a machine-assisted formal framework for proof-guided program development. This paper presents the formalization and implementation of Gries' method within the logical framework of an interactive verification and development shell system based on dynamic logic. The programs developed with the system are guaranteed to be correct and terminating with respect to the given specification. Some examples illustrate the implementation and its practical use.

A Framework for Dialogue On Development Policies and Programs

4 research model composed of a conceptual framework and research strategy is described. The conceptual framework is derived from a control and econometric model where variable factors are arranged as exogenous and endogenous input variables that are linked to outcomes. The exogenous factors are beyond the control of policymakers and program operators, the endoge nous factors are controllable. The research strategy is a material approach to human sciences found in cultural anthropology. The factors are developed according to a taxonomy of sociocul tural phenomena, and deployed in four epistemological categories. Application of this model can lead to an objectively testable methodology for policy and program development.

Issues in the design of a parallel object-oriented language

Abstract This paper discusses the considerations that have played a role in the design of the language POOL2. This language integrates the structuring techniques of object-oriented programming with mechanisms for expressing parallelism. We introduce the basic principles of object-oriented programming and its significance for program development methodologies. Several approaches for integrating objects and parallelism are compared and arguments for the choices made in POOL2 are presented. We also explain why inheritance is not yet included in POOL2. A brief overview of the research in formal aspects of POOL is given. Finally we indicate some directions for future developments.