Methodological Priorities Research Articles

Integral indicator of academic and methodological priorities at the creative department

Integral indicator of academic and methodological priorities at the creative department

Machine learning in healthcare and the methodological priority of epistemology over ethics

ABSTRACT This paper develops an account of how the implementation of ML models into healthcare settings requires revising the methodological apparatus of philosophical bioethics. On this account, ML models are cognitive interventions that provide decision-support to physicians and patients. Due to reliability issues, opaque reasoning processes, and information asymmetries, ML models pose inferential problems for them. These inferential problems lay the grounds for many ethical problems that currently claim centre-stage in the bioethical debate. Accordingly, this paper argues that the best way to make progress in remedying these ethical problems is to distil their epistemic core and to identify appropriate epistemic norms as guardrails. The viability of this approach will be highlighted based on four key issues: trust, responsibility, paternalism, and fairness. In that respect, the paper also contributes to a more pronounced view of the specific methodological challenges for ethical theorizing, when the point of reference are complex statistical models that make predictions, rather than individual agents, acting for reasons.

«Поденщик просвещения»: вопросы литературного творчества и печати в публицистике Инала Канукова

The article examines the journalistic legacy of the largest representative of the Ossetian enlightenment, the first Ossetian Russian-speaking writer and journalist I.D. Kanukov (1851–1899) in terms of literary work, the literary process, the socio-historical significance of fiction and the press and literary-critical constructions. The basic ideological principles of the heritage, it’s thematic, genre and methodological priorities, the circle of Russian writers especially authoritative for I.D. Kanukov, intertextual connections of his works of the corresponding kind are revealed, taking into account historical, biographical and cultural circumstances. The study finds out that the dominant place in the writer’s views on the historical significance of literature and the press is occupied by the educational and literary-centrist idea of “sacrificial service” to the truth and the people, through the prism of which I.D. Kanukov examines the works of Russian writers and interprets particular theoretical issues: the social status of a writer and a journalist, the relationship between a writer and a reader, creative direction, psychology of creativity, typification of character, etc.; that along with an unconditionally progressive, democratic understanding of the social functions of fiction and the press, I.D. Kanukov has some elements of didacticism and “orientation”. The place and significance of I.D. Kanukov’s journalism in the context of Ossetian and Russian literature and public thought is indicated.

“Circumbaltian space”: methodological priorities and regulatory grounds for delimitation

This paper outlines the methodological priorities for delimitating the Circumbaltian space as a unique geospatial form, namely: the geospatial approach, constructive modeling, the geohistorical paradigm, and the geotory concept. Based on the above, along with the theoretical and methodological ideas and algorithmic proposals outlined by the author in earlier works, as well as the regulatory prerequisites for delimitating the outer core of the Baltic naval civilization, the paper sets its land, water, and air boundaries. The author designs a three-step methodology for ranking coastal spaces and describes the basic land and water contact structure of the Baltic for urban planning purposes. The paper also draws legally compliant generalized boundaries of the Circumbaltian space and designs a basic digital model of this geospatial form.

Implementation research priorities for addressing the maternal health crisis in the USA: results from a modified Delphi study among researchers

BackgroundMaternal health outcomes in the USA are far worse than in peer nations. Increasing implementation research in maternity care is critical to addressing quality gaps and unwarranted variations in care. Implementation research priorities have not yet been defined or well represented in the plans for maternal health research investments in the USA.MethodsThis descriptive study used a modified Delphi method to solicit and rank research priorities at the intersection of implementation science and maternal health through two sequential web-based surveys. A purposeful, yet broad sample of researchers with relevant subject matter knowledge was identified through searches of published articles and grant databases. The surveys addressed five implementation research areas in maternal health: (1) practices to prioritize for broader implementation, (2) practices to prioritize for de-implementation, (3) research questions about implementation determinants, (4) research questions about implementation strategies, and (5) research questions about methods/measures.ResultsOf 160 eligible researchers, 82 (51.2%) agreed to participate. Participants were predominantly female (90%) and White (75%). Sixty completed at least one of two surveys. The practices that participants prioritized for broader implementation were improved postpartum care, perinatal and postpartum mood disorder screening and management, and standardized management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. For de-implementation, practices believed to be most impactful if removed from or reduced in maternity care were cesarean delivery for low-risk patients and routine discontinuation of all psychiatric medications during pregnancy. The top methodological priorities of participants were improving the extent to which implementation science frameworks and measures address equity and developing approaches for involving patients in implementation research.ConclusionsThrough a web-based Delphi exercise, we identified implementation research priorities that researchers consider to have the greatest potential to improve the quality of maternity care in the USA. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of using modified Delphi approaches to engage researchers in setting implementation research priorities within a clinical area.

Сентимент-анализ: лингвистический потенциал регламентации предобработки

The article deals with the sentiment analysis regimentation as a relevant direction in automated natural language processing and its linguistic potential. Despite its impressive practical significance, the sentiment analysis still lacks reliable theoretical foundation. Although information technologies develop very fast, their fundamental foundations correlate with the linguistic system of knowledge. In fact, the methodological priority of the applied linguistics has no alternative with regard to the interdisciplinary specificity of the modern communication. The complex nature of this research made the authors appeal to the computer linguistics in order to provide a meta-description on the algorithmization and modeling of sentiment evaluation. The effectiveness of the relevant practice was conditioned by the optimal configuration of the procedure and an appropriate material evaluation. The preprocessing included identifying the meta-structure, defining its referentiality and level orientation, and choosing the analysis model. The authors described these main steps of the preprocessing algorithm, as well as the relevant practice. The study contributes to productive theoretical optimization of text sentiment analysis. In a broad context, the expedient disclosure of linguistic potential is relevant to the whole sphere of automated natural language processing.

Ethically Driven and Methodologically Tailored: Setting the Agenda for Systematic Reviews in Domestic Violence and Abuse

PurposeSystematic reviews have an important, and growing, role to play in the global evidence eco-system of domestic violence and abuse. Alongside substantive contributions to knowledge, such reviews stimulate debates about ethical reviewing practices and the importance of tailoring methods to the nuances of the field. This paper aims to pinpoint a set of ethical and methodological priorities to guide and enhance review practices specifically in the field of domestic abuse.MethodThe five Pillars of the Research Integrity Framework (ethical guidelines for domestic abuse research) are used to interrogate the systematic review process. To do so, the Framework is retrospectively applied to a recently completed systematic review in domestic abuse. The review included a rapid systematic map and in-depth analysis of interventions aimed at creating or enhancing informal support and social networks for victim-survivors of abuse.ResultsEthical and methodological priorities for systematic reviews in domestic abuse include (1) Safety and wellbeing: maintaining the wellbeing of researchers and stakeholders, and appraising the ethics of included studies, (2) Transparency/ accountability: transparent reporting of research funding, aims and methods together with explicit consideration of authorship of outputs, (3) Equality, human rights and social justice: developing diverse review teams/ Advisory groups, and review methods that aim to search for, and report, diverse perspectives. Considering researcher positionality/ reflexivity in the review, (4) Engagement: collaboration with non-academic stakeholders and individuals with lived experience throughout the review process, (5) Research Ethics: independent ethical scrutiny of systematic review proposals with input from researchers with expertise in systematic reviews and domestic abuse.ConclusionAdditional research is required to comprehensively examine the ethics of each stage of the review process. In the meantime, attention should be given to the underpinning ethical framework for our systematic review practices and the wider research infrastructure that governs reviews.

Pragmatist quietism: A meta‐ethical system. By Andrew Sepielli, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2022. vi + 231 pp. £55 (Hbk)

Pragmatist quietism: A meta‐ethical system. By Andrew Sepielli, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2022. vi + 231 pp. £55 (Hbk)

Пріоритети застосування інтерактивних методів навчання в технічній підготовці волейболістів на етапі початкової підготовки

The purpose of the study was to determine methodological priorities for the use of interactive educational methods in the technical preparation of volleyball players at the stage of initial training. Materials and methods. The methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodical literature, the method of expert evaluation, methods of mathematical statistics were used. During September-December 2020, 24 coaches and physical culture teachers who conduct volleyball group work in secondary schools were interviewed. Results and discussion. The rating of interactive educational methods for studying individual technical techniques in volleyball has been determined. Experts offer to use different methods for studying and improving the ball serve: discussing the problem in a general circle, acting out the situation, working in small groups, decision tree; for passing the ball: rotating (changeable) threes, working in pairs, microphone and acting out the situation; for receiving the ball: working in pairs, working in small groups, discussing the problem in a general circle and solving problems; offensive strike: evaluative discussion, work in pairs and discussion of the problem in the general circle; for blocking: two-four-all together, work in pairs, rotating (changeable) threes, work in small groups. Experts recommend using eleven separate interactive educational methods, among them: five belong to the subgroup of cooperative learning: work in small groups, rotating (changeable) threes, work in pairs, circle of ideas, two-four-all together; four methods belong to the subgroup of collective-group learning: discussion of the problem in the general circle, decision tree, microphone, problem solving; one – to the subgroup of situational modeling – acting out the situation by roles (role play, imitation) and one – to the subgroup of evaluation of debatable issues – evaluation discussion. Interesting and effective methods and means should prevail at the initial stages of athletes’ preparation. This gives reason to recommend the use of interactive educational methods for working with beginner volleyball players. Conclusion. For the first time, recommendations for the use of interactive educational methods in the preparation of athletes at the stage of initial training in game team sports (on the example of volleyball) were defined and summarized; recommendations for the application of individual methods and their subgroups for solving problems of teaching certain technical actions of volleyball are determined. Based on this, it is possible to make an objective correction of the content of the educational and training process of volleyball players of the first year of study at the stage of initial training in terms of their technical preparation

When standard measurement meets messy genitalia: Lessons from 20th century phallometry and cervimetry

This paper examines two episodes in the history and philosophy of phallometry and cervimetry in the second half of the 20th century. Phallometry is the measurement of the human penis with special devices (phallometers) in a psychophysiological context, while cervimetry is the measurement of the cervix in laboring women (by hand or by cervimeter). Despite decades of efforts to standardize these measuring practices, we still have only non-standard ways of measuring the dynamics of the cervix during labor as well as penile tumescence during arousal. We adopt the lens of “messiness” as an analytic tool in order to trace historical actors' methodological assumptions, goals, and decisions that were involved in their measuring practices. It will be argued that, far from being an a priori attribute, the “messiness” of biomedical phenomena (and how to best respond to it) depends on the actors' methodological priorities. What is “messy” is actively shaped (and re-shaped) by researchers' instrumental assumptions and theoretical commitments, as demonstrated in their method of measuring. This paper also offers a preview of early findings from our current research on the history of cervical measurement (Jackson) and phallic measurement (Wassermann). Drawing on primary source material we have analyzed, the argument will be developed in two parts. First, in the context of phallometry research: Two different and eventually diametrically opposed methodological approaches developed when confronted with “messy” human bodies and minds, a divergence which still exists today. Second, in the case of cervimetry research: “messiness” emerged when researchers tried to standardize the measurement of the human cervix, to no avail. Ironically, today's “messy” practice of measuring the cervix by hand has been continually justified by knowledge gained in the continued pursuit (and failure) of standardized replacements of this method.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОЦЕСОМ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ РОБОТИ HR-МЕНЕДЖЕРА НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ

Purpose – The purpose of the article is to develop directions and recommendations for implementing chatbot project as an important element of digitalizing work of HR recruiting manager. Design/methodology/approach – The method of comparative analysis of theoretical and methodological priorities among trends of digitalizing work of HR manager has been used, as well as the

Daniel 11 Decoded: An Exegetical, Historical, and Theological Study

Daniel 11 Decoded: An Exegetical, Historical, and Theological Study

CONCEPTUAL AND TERMINOLOGICAL APPARATUS OF PROBLEM RESEARCH OF INNOVATIVE CULTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FUTURE MANAGER OF THE GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN THE MASTER’S TRAINING PROCESS

Formulation of the problem. The need for a categorical interpretation of the thesaurus is due to methodological priorities for scientific, objectivity, systemic, integrity, unity, complexity and logic of the study. The correctness of the use of relevant concepts and categories is determined by the accuracy of their definitions, fully depends on the verification of the presented innovative culture concept of the leader. Consequently, there is a need for a comprehensive research analysis of conceptual and terminological apparatus of problem research of innovative culture development of the future manager of the general secondary educational institution in the master’s training process. Materials and Methods: Solving the highlighted aim, a set of methods of scientific research adequate to them were used, theoretical: a comparative analysis of conceptual and terminological apparatus of problem research of innovative culture development of the future manager of the general secondary educational institution in the master’s training process; a systematic analysis of conceptual and terminological apparatus of problem research of innovative culture development of the future manager of the general secondary educational institution in the master’s training process. Results. The article presents the innovation culture development of the future manager of general secondary educational institution as a systematically organized, respectively providing process in master's training, determined by the needs of society, state and customers of educational services and institutionalized, which substantiates the relationship and interdependence of innovation culture, which correlate with the content and pedagogically appropriate methodological systems of professional training at higher education. It is determined the IC development of the future manager of general secondary educational institution. Conclusions. Thus, modern theories of social development make it possible to identify the specifics of the innovative culture development and give grounds to conclude that the innovation and innovation culture development is a natural, necessary, historically determined and self-organized process of objectification and institutionalization of innovative content at the social and individual levels. It is important to understand that the emergence of innovation and innovation culture is possible only if the dialectical and synergetic nature of life is taken into account. For the innovation culture development is exceptional importance the openness of educational systems, the presence of the environment and mechanisms for the natural struggle of contradictory and opposing forces, the absence of authoritarian and artificial interference in the institutionalization of innovation culture.

Orders of Social Science: Understanding Social-Scientific Controversies and Confluence on What “High-Quality” Knowledge and “Good” Adaptation Is

Various scholars have noted—and experienced—tribal tendencies between social-scientific “schools of thought” or “paradigms.” The intensity and fervor of such controversies has led some scientists to compare them with frictions between religious orders. In the research domain focused on the use of climate science for climate adaptation, such disputes revolve around the what “high-quality” climate knowledge and “good” adaptation is or should be. Emphasizing this diversity of orders of social science and the humanities, this article describes five distinct ways social scientists and humanities scholars have thought and written about climate adaptation: descriptivists aim to empirically portray climate adaptation as objectively as possible from an assumed subject-independent perspective; pragmatists' research wants to increase climate resilience through usable climate information; argumentivists strive for assessing the justification of climate scientific findings, as well as adaptation decision-making that is based on these findings; interpretivists seek to empirically redescribe how the use of climate science for adaptation is shaped by, and shapes, various other social processes and political actors; and critical scholars work toward revealing how pervasive powerful interests and marginalizing discourses shape adaptation projects negatively. By comparing these five orders' respective scientific, environmental and social aims and concerns, this article pinpoints to how epistemological, ontological and methodological priorities not only drive scientific controversies on issues such as what “high-quality knowledge” is, but also how interdependent orders' methodological choices are with their epistemological and ontological positions. However, this analysis also reveals that while some scholars implicitly stick to their order, others are comfortable to collaborate across such borders. Overall, the diverging aims, priorities, and methods are unlikely to be ever fully reconciled. A better understanding of why academics from different orders differ in the approaches they take and the issues they care about will likely lead to a larger appreciation of the differences of other orders' research and broaden our understanding of key dynamics in studying “good” climate adaptation and “high-quality” climate knowledge.

Utopophobia: On the Limits (If Any) of Political Philosophy, by David Estlund

Over the past few decades, political philosophers have been entangled in a methodological debate over how theorizing about justice should proceed. Until recently, the dominant approach was ideal theory: theorizing about ideal or full social justice. But many have grown worried that ideal theory is practically irrelevant, telling us hardly anything about how to improve actual societies by meeting the various injustices we face. These self-described nonideal theorists have therefore called upon members of the discipline to shift their attention away from ideal theory, and toward nonideal theorizing about how to make existing societies more just. But ideal theorists resist this call, typically arguing that ideal theory enjoys a sort of methodological priority over nonideal theory. We need a conception of ideal justice, they claim, to serve either as a standard to approximate or as a long-term goal for reform. In his innovative and wide-ranging Utopophobia: On the Limits (If Any) of Political Philosophy, David Estlund challenges not only many recent criticisms of ideal theory, but also the very terms of the debate. Much of the literature has focused on the alleged priority of ideal theory—on whether, in particular, it provides a standard or goal that we must appeal to when doing nonideal theory. But Estlund concedes that ideal theory enjoys no such priority, and that ideal justice plays neither role: it is a fallacy to assume that approximating it makes things better, and it is foolish and even dangerous to treat it as a goal if realistically we will never realize it. Nevertheless, Estlund argues that ideal theory identifies principles of ideal or full social justice that are moral requirements genuinely applying to actual societies, even if such requirements are unrealistic in the strong sense that human nature precludes their realization. And he argues that ideal theorizing about these requirements is important, in part because understanding them helps us to figure out how to improve actual societies, but also because this understanding is non-instrumentally valuable.

Santayana, Commonsensism, and the Problem of Impervious Belief

Abstract Commonsensism is a thesis about commonsense beliefs: our commonsense beliefs are items of knowledge (or should be so regarded) that have epistemic or methodological priority. This account of commonsensism risks making our commonsense beliefs impervious to philosophical argument. But in Santayana's commonsensism, what deserves our trust is not our commonsense beliefs but the development of common sense over successive generations. Our commonsense beliefs deserve only a secondary or subsidiary trust; we trust them only insofar as we trust the momentum of common sense. I examine Santayana's distinctive form of commonsensism and explain why he avoids putting trust primarily in commonsense beliefs.

ЛОКАЛЬНІ ТА МІЖНАРОДНІ ЧИННИКИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ДОХІДНОСТЕЙНА ФІНАНСОВИХ РИНКАХ:ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ МОДЕЛЕЙ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИХ ПРЕМІЙ

The paper suggests retrospective analysis of investment premiums valuation models. Their place in contemporary theory of international portfolio investing is defined. Main phases of these models' evolution are revealed, uppermost considering incorporation of local and international factors of expected returns. Basic features of these phases are discovered. Dominance of the CAPM model in the framework of expected returns valuation concept is validated. This model is underlying major part of the science in this field development, particularly zero beta model and intertemporal model. Gnoseological conditions of models including international factors of securities premiums origin and development are identified. Specific attention is paid to models considering currency risk factor – one of the key factors of expected returns in international investment environment. Major events of the world economy that actualized the necessity of considering currency risks while valuing investment premiums are singled out. International capital asset pricing model as one that incorporates currency risk factor during expected returns valuation in the best way is examined. Comparative analysis of international CAPM and the approach of using the traditional model in international market is carried out. Although no evident advantage of any is fixed, existing empirics proves that the latter is much more convenient in terms of its usage, and is actually used much more often. The rationale of methodological priority of using the term "premium" rather than "expected return" is presented. Methodological indifference between the terms "price" and "expected return" in the current context is reported.

Methodological and Valuational Priority in Epictetus’ Enchiridion 52

Abstract Epictetus’ Enchiridion ends with a paradox—that the methods one learns to do philosophy have results contrary to one’s reasons to do philosophy. One comes to philosophy to improve one’s life, to live with wisdom. This requires that one find truths to live in light of, and in order to find those truths, one must perfect one’s reason. And to perfect one’s reason, one must attend to technical details of reasoning and metaphysics. The trouble is, in attending to these technical details, we develop the capacity for rationalization and find ways to prevent our journey to wisdom. Because we are not wise, we misuse the tools of wisdom. And so the Stoic methodological priority of learning logic first has a downstream consequence of standing in the way of what is of first importance for Stoic philosophy, the life of wisdom. The Enchiridion closes with the reminder that Stoic program must proceed in light of mitigating this conflict of methodological and valuational priority.

ON THE ISSUE OF METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE 1990S (ON THE EXAMPLE OF PUBLICATIONS ABOUT THE “KHRUSHCHEV THAW”)

The article is devoted to the study of methodological aspects of historiography of such a difficult period for Russian historical science as the 1990s. The changes that have taken place in our country in the last decade of the twentieth century have had an impact on all spheres of life, including the Russian historical science, which has ceased to be dominated by the principles of Marxist-Leninist ideology. For Russian historical science, the 1990s were a time of forming new methodological priorities, searching for scientific foundations, and general laws for the development of society. Despite all the difficulties, one of the most developed periods of Russian history at this time were the 50-60s of the twentieth century, the time for which the definition of “Khrushchev Thaw” was firmly established in historical science. Using the example of publications about the “Khrushchev Thaw”, the article analyzes the main trends characteristic of the historiography of the 1990s, shows their methodological features, and attempts to search for them by Russian historians

К 110-ЛЕТИЮ МОСКОВСКОГО СКАУТИНГА

This article deals with organizational aspects of early history of Russian scouting: the emergence of the first children's and youth organizations, institutionalization of social movement of scouting. The author addresses some historiographical questions. The main focus is on history of Moscow scouts in 1910-1918. This article outlines activities of Moscow scouts in different periods of these years, describes organizational, pedagogical, and leaders’ methodological priorities in Moscow scouting organizations.