Force Method Of Analysis Research Articles

Analysis of factors affecting the stability of aircraft engine test

Abstract Although the aircraft is in a braking and shutdown state during engine testing, there may still be situations where the aircraft slides or deviates during the development process, which affects the safety of the aircraft. This article establishes a force analysis model for an aircraft engine test and proposes a single-engine testing force analysis method based on dual-engine testing force analysis. Factors such as the friction coefficient of pavement, wind speed, and aircraft parking slope are taken into account in the calculation. The relationship between different influencing factors and ground stability is studied in the article. The article provides a reference for the weight center of gravity limitation of aircraft under engine ground testing conditions.

Clarification of the Methodology for Determining the Characteristics of Cable Cars

Purpose. The aim of this study is to clarify the methodology and develop an algorithm for determining the characteristics of cable cars of traditional design and with self-propelled cars, taking into account new factors of influence. Methodology. An analysis of existing methods for determining the characteristics of cable cars of various designs was carried out. This goal was achieved by taking into account the weight of the individual drive and the actual angle of the car's elevation relative to the horizon for a self-propelled car; the influence of the coefficient of adhesion of the rope to the tension pulley and the angle of envelopment of the rope around the tension pulley for a traditional cable car. To determine the required drive power of a cable car with self-propelled cars, the influence of the weight of an individual self-propelled car drive and the actual angle of the self-propelled car relative to the horizon are taken into account by the method of force analysis. For traditional cable cars, the contour traversal method is used, which takes into account the coefficient of adhesion of the rope to the tension pulley, as well as the angle of envelopment of the tension pulley by the rope. Findings. The dependencies of the required drive power on the design parameters of the cable car were obtained, taking into account new factors of influence. The choice of a specific methodology for calculating the required power is justified in accordance with the selected type of road and the initial data. The results obtained can be supplemented by performing additional calculations using the formulas given in this paper. The presented algorithms for determining the characteristics of a cable car using the refined methodology allow, at the programming level, to develop software for accurately calculating the value of the required drive power. Originality. The dependence of the required drive power on the characteristics of the cable car was clarified by taking into account additional factors, which made it possible to more accurately assess their impact on the final result. Practical value. The results of this work can be used in the design of energy-efficient cable cars, for which the electric motor is selected according to a refined methodology that takes into account more factors affecting the required drive power.

The petrochemical industry in the energy policy of the Kurdistan Region (A Study in Political Geography)

Petrochemical industries have a special importance in the development of the country, because their products are used as raw materials in most other industries. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the petrochemical industry in the energy policy of the Kurdistan Region. In this study, both force analysis and analytical methods were used, and to reach the scientific responses, we divided the research into three main axes. The first topic analyzes the framework of the research and the second deals with the petrochemical industry and its importance, while the third topic deals with the energy policy and petrochemical industry in the region, as a result we concluded that despite the importance of this type of industry, but so far this type of industry has not been taken care of in the Kurdistan Region.

CИЛОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ ПЛОСКИХ РЫЧАЖНЫХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ ВЕКТОРНЫМ МЕТОДОМ

An analytical method is presented for force analysis of plain lever mechanisms with one degree of freedom, based on the vector method. Using the example of a two-drive structural group, a method is outlined for finding reaction vectors in all its kinematic pairs, while maintaining the clarity and consistency of the solution inherent in the graphic-analytical method of diagrams of component forces. An original analytical description is given for finding the vectors of tangential and normal components of reactions in kinematic pairs. Application of the proposed method of force analysis makes it possisble to find reaction vectors in kinematic pairs without compiling and solving complex systems of equilibrium equations or graphical construction. Adaptation of the proposed force analysis in modern mathematical packages allows for the study of plain lever mechanisms with one degree of freedom in a short time and with high accuracy.

Numerical method for the form finding and force analysis of non-prestressed cable-membrane structures with mechanism displacement

The non-prestressed cable-membrane structures exhibit significant nonlinear characteristics such as mechanism displacement and large deformation under external loads. Analyzing such structural behaviors using traditional finite element analysis methods is challenging due to the singularity of the stiffness matrix and the non-convergence of the iterations. In this study, a numerical method based on the vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE) method for form finding and force analysis of non-prestressed cable-membrane structures with mechanism displacement is introduced. First, the basic principle and calculation process for analyzing the deformation and internal force of cable-membrane structures are introduced. Second, the applicability of the present method is demonstrated by four numerical examples, including static analysis of the double parabolic inflated membrane and the hemispherical inflated cable-membrane, mechanism motion simulation of the cloth, and large deformation calculation for the flexible curtain. Finally, a spatial non-prestressed cable-membrane model experiment is performed. The effectiveness of VFIFE method is further validated by comparing the measured displacement and internal force to the numerical results. It is shown that the numerical method proposed in this study can effectively simulate the morphological evolution and internal force distribution for the flexible cable-membrane structures with large mechanism displacement, providing a reference for analyzing such practical engineering problems involving strongly nonlinear characteristics.

Internal Force Calculation Method for a Complex Curved Beam Under a Vertical Load

In design, curved beams are popular owing to their aesthetic appearance. They are found to be in a state of coupled bending, shear and torsion when subjected to vertical loads. This complex behavior makes it difficult to perform force analysis in structural design. In this article, a set of equations are derived to calculate the internal forces at any position of a curved beam that consists of two orthogonal straight segments and one circular arc axis segment under a vertical load based on the force method. To simplify the calculation in practice, a simplified internal force analysis method is further developed by transforming the arc section into an equivalent straight beam model. The simplified formula is derived by fitting the internal force of 729 different curved beams, and it can be used quickly and accurately for hand calculation of internal force in a curved beam. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified by three engineering examples. The results show that the proposed force method can reasonably estimate internal forces at different locations of a complex curved beam, and the proposed simplified method can provide a convenient and practical approach to calculating the internal force distribution of curved beams.

Influence of Different Material Properties on Cold Working of AgSnO2 Electrical Contact Material

Based on the finite element software, a calculation model of cold working forming (pier thickness) of rivet type electrical contact materials was established, and the effects of different material properties (elongation, elastic modulus and hardness) on the cold working of AgSnO2 electrical contact materials were analyzed. The proposed simulation technology fills the gap in the force analysis method of silver alloy rivets, and can provide certain technical theory and process parameter design basis for rivet deformation control.

Force Analysis of the Overconstrained Mechanisms Based on Equivalent Stiffness Considering Limb Axial Deformation

Overconstrained mechanism has the advantages of large bearing capacity and high motion reliability, but its force analysis is complex and difficult because the mechanism system contains overconstraints. Considering the limb axial deformation, taking typical 2SS+P and 7-SS passive overconstrained mechanisms, 2SPS+P and 7-SPS active overconstrained mechanisms, and 2SPS+P and 7-SPS passive-input overconstrained mechanisms as examples, a new force analysis method based on the idea of equivalent stiffness is proposed. The equivalent stiffness matrix of passive overconstrained mechanism is derived by combining the force balance and deformation compatibility equations with consideration of axial elastic limb deformations. The relationship between the constraint wrench magnitudes and the external force, limb stiffness is established. The equivalent stiffness matrix of active overconstrained mechanism is derived by combining the force balance and displacement compatibility equations. Here, the relationship between the magnitudes of the actuated wrenches and the external force, limb stiffness is investigated. Combining with the equivalent stiffness of the passive overconstrained mechanism, an analytical relationship between the actuated forces of passive-input overconstrained mechanism and the output displacement, limb stiffness is explored. Finally, adaptability of the equivalent stiffness to overconstrained mechanisms is discussed, and the effect of the limb stiffness on overconstrained mechanisms force distribution is revealed. The research results provide a theoretical reference for the design, research and practical application of overconstrained mechanism.

Design, Stress Analysis, and FEA Prediction of Nutation Drive with Face Gear

Background: Nutation face gear transmission is a patent about a new type of transmission based on meshing between two face gears. It replaces spur gear with internal face gear to form a “faceface” meshing gear pair and actualizes its deceleration function by combining the nutation principle, which has the advantages of both face gear and nutation drive. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to study the designing and manufacturing of a nutation face gear reducer to derive the force calculation formulas of the face gear, input shaft and bearings, calculate the contact stress of tooth surface and bending stress of tooth root, determine the basic parameters of the prototype, and analyze the processing points for the core parts of the prototype. Methods: Using the dynamic meshing force analysis method by combining it with modern digital design and manufacturing methods, the designing and manufacturing of a nutation face gear reducer are studied. Results: In the theoretical calculation, the maximum contact stress of the fixed side tooth surface is about 433MPa, and the average contact stress is about 345MPa; the maximum contact stress of the tooth surface on the rotating side is about 579MPa, with an average of about 502MPa; the comparison of which with the finite element analysis results verifies the theoretical calculation results. Conclusion: The dynamic meshing force analysis method of nutation face gear transmission is deduced and given. Based on this, gear tooth surface transient contact stress and tooth root bending stress are calculated.

Magnetostrictive Vibration Harvester with a Multistage Amplifier and Its Application in Human Walking Energy Harvesting

In this paper, as a theoretical basis, a foot vibration harvester with a finite support mechanism is proposed based on the Villari effect of magnetostrictive materials and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, where a rod-shaped Terfenol-D is used as a core element for energy conversion, and a multi-stage force amplification mechanism is used as a core mechanical structure. The purpose of the amplification mechanism is to amplify the input force provided to the Terfenol-D rod and increase the output electric power. Moreover, the amplification mechanism is designed based on the bridge amplification structure, microlever amplification structure, and wedge amplification mechanism. A mathematical model of the amplification mechanism was developed using the force analysis and unit stiffness matrix methods, and the size and structure were designed and optimized. The performed simulations yielded an output force amplification ratio of 18.04. Based on the optimization results, a prototype was fabricated, and experiments were conducted. Specifically, experiments on the effect of the bias magnetic field on the harvester’s harvesting capability were performed, and the operating characteristics were tested for one complete cycle. Moreover, the effects of the amplification mechanism and vibration harvester were tested for practical applications. The peak output voltage of the harvester was 397.5[Formula: see text]mV under 100 N excitation, and the output electrical power on a resistive load could reach 3.33[Formula: see text]mW. In the application of the human walking process, the voltage could reach a maximum value of 387.3[Formula: see text]mV. The results of the study initially prove that the designed vibration harvester can stably collect human walking vibration.

Research on the Motivation Mechanism of Precise Poverty Alleviation in Rural Tourism in China

The practice of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism in China generally faces the contradiction of “abundant exogenous motivation and insufficient endogenous motivation”, which seriously affects the effect of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the motivation mechanism of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism. This paper tries to borrow the force analysis method of the slope model in physics, constructs a general theoretical model of the motivation mechanism of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism, and compares and analyzes the characteristics of the models of the motivation mechanism of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism under two different models: government-led and community-led practice. On this basis, through a case analysis of the generating and evolution process of the motivation mechanism of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism in Liangjiahe village, Yanchuan County, Shaanxi Province, which is a typical example of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism in China, we propose a new model of the motivation mechanism of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism under the mode of tourism empowerment. The study has some theoretical insights to clarify the dynamic operation mechanism of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism, promote the sustainability of precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism, and realize an effective connection between precise poverty alleviation in rural tourism and rural revitalization in China.

Feasibility and validity of a single camera CNN driven musculoskeletal model for muscle force estimation during upper extremity strength exercises: Proof-of-concept.

Muscle force analysis can be essential for injury risk estimation and performance enhancement in sports like strength training. However, current methods to record muscle forces including electromyography or marker-based measurements combined with a musculoskeletal model are time-consuming and restrict the athlete's natural movement due to equipment attachment. Therefore, the feasibility and validity of a more applicable method, requiring only a single standard camera for the recordings, combined with a deep-learning model and musculoskeletal model is evaluated in the present study during upper-body strength exercises performed by five athletes. Comparison of muscle forces obtained by the single camera driven model against those obtained from a state-of-the art marker-based driven musculoskeletal model revealed strong to excellent correlations and reasonable RMSD's of 0.4–2.1% of the maximum force (Fmax) for prime movers, and weak to strong correlations with RMSD's of 0.4–0.7% Fmax for stabilizing and secondary muscles. In conclusion, a single camera deep-learning driven model is a feasible method for muscle force analysis in a strength training environment, and first validity results show reasonable accuracies, especially for prime mover muscle forces. However, it is evident that future research should investigate this method for a larger sample size and for multiple exercises.

3-D Electromagnetic Force Characteristics and Modeling of Double-Sided Air-Cored Superconducting Linear Synchronous Motor for EDS Train

Double-sided air-cored superconducting linear synchronous motors (DSAC-SLSMs) play an important role in electrodynamic suspension trains. For this type of motor, the existing magnetic field modeling method is improved in this study, and a new 3-D electromagnetic force (EMF) analysis method is proposed to analyze the influence on the 3-D EMFs when the onboard superconducting coils (SCs) have multiple degrees of freedom motions such as deviation and deflection. First, based on Biot–Savart law and Poisson’s equation of magnetic vector potential, the analytical prediction of superconducting air-gap flux density is conducted. Thus, the relationship between <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dq</i> -axis armature current and 3-D EMFs is determined. Second, the equivalent circuit of DSAC-SLSM is established, and the effects of lateral and vertical displacements of the onboard SCs on armature current are analyzed. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is verified by using the finite-element model, two static experiments, and publicly available data on the Yamanashi maglev test line, while the 3-D EMF characteristics of the motor under various conditions are analyzed in detail.

Stopping Force Analysis of 235U Elemental Fission Product Yields for En = 0.11–92.4 MeV

Most evaluated elemental fission product yield distributions are not experimentally measured. Instead, the majority of evaluated distributions are based on analytic expressions of the Zp-model for relevant cumulative yields. Here we report independent elemental fission product yield distributions of a 235U target for incident neutron energies ranging from 0.11 MeV through 92.4 MeV. Atomic numbers are calculated by an approach that combines a 2E analysis with a stopping force analysis method, developed within this paper. These analyses are applied to more than 6.1 × 106 fission fragment ionization tracks captured within the NIFFTE (Neutron Induced Fission Fragment Tracking Experiment) collaboration fission time projection chamber (fissionTPC). A 3-Z resolution was obtained with the fissionTPC spatial and energy resolutions. Tabulated results are presented for the atomic yield and experimentally derived Zp values as a function of pre-neutron-emission fragment masses for the complete range of incident neutron energies. The stopping-force-derived Zp values tend to support the unchanged charge distribution theory within uncertainty.

A hydrostatic test study on the waterproofing of an underground ecological granary using a plastic-concrete system

Underground granaries can store grains at low and quasi-low temperatures due to the existing shallow geothermal energy, which can ensure long-term quality and grain preservation. However, water and moisture resistance of groundwater is a key technical problem which restricts its wide application. Consequently, a polypropylene plastic-concrete wall was proposed in this study to solve these problems. First, a hydraulic test was performed on three plastic-concrete specimens using polypropylene plastic (PP) plates of different thicknesses including 10, 15, and 20 mm to investigate the mechanical performance under water pressure loading. The displacement, deformation, interior force, failure mode, and mechanism of the plastic-concrete specimens were comprehensively analysed. Second, a lining waterproof component model was established based on the ABAQUS software. Finally, the interior force adjustment coefficient calculation formulas and interior force analysis method are presented according to the experimental results and direct design method for column-supported slabs. Consequently, the ultimate bearing capacities of the specimens with different PP plate thicknesses were 120, 180, and 170 kPa, respectively, and the failure modes of the specimens varied with the thickness of the PP plate. Moreover, for thicknesses greater than 15 mm, the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen was mainly dependent on the strength of the nodes. The numerical simulation results correlated with the experimental data, where the stress and displacement of the plastic waterproof components increased gradually with increasing water pressure. The experimental and simulation results of this study can provide a reference for the waterproof design of underground granaries and widen their practical applications.

The Application of Pile Foundation Bearing-Retaining Wall Combination Structure in a Mountainous Urban High Fill Project

Pile foundation bearing-retaining wall combination structure is a new type of support structure developed in recent years. This article focuses on the characteristics, advantages, and application scope of the support structure, while combining a variety of algorithms, according to different geological conditions and slope stability, as well as summarizes the pile foundation bearing-retaining wall combination structure force analysis and design methods, taking a high-fill road project in Chongqing as an example. The application of this support structure under special conditions, such as thicker soil layer, steeper sliding surface, weak foundation, and limited slope release conditions, is presented, which illustrates the technical advantages of this support structure and proving that it has several other advantages, including clear force mechanism as well as economic and reasonable structure, thus providing reference for similar projects.

Human Properties of Singapore’s People and their Impact on the State Might

The research aims to study some of the human characteristics of the state of Singapore to know the impact of these characteristics on the strength of the state, its development and. The research included two aspects, theoretical and analytical, using the descriptive analytical method, force analysis method, as well as the historical method. The data was analyzed according to mathematical equations, including the size of the country's population, the extraction of the population growth rate and the concept of age structure, where some indicators related to this concept have been explained. The researcher reached a set of results, the most important of which were: that the population size of the state of Singapore in the period between (1970 - 2020) has been on a continuous increase since its independence. However, it has adopted a population policy that suits the area of ​​the state for the period (2010-2020). The increase continued to rise to reach (665,609, 7,570,240, and 861,7474 people) for the years (2030, 2040 and 2050), respectively. This is an indication of a real transformation of the demographic contribution, which constitutes a powerful factor that gives the state an influential position in international regional relations and a support for the demographic revolution despite the small area of ​​the Republic of Singapore. The results of the research also showed instability in population growth rates during the past fifty years, ranging between the lowest growth rate of 1.3% and the highest growth rate of 2.9% for the period between (1970 - 2020). Accordingly, the population increase in Singapore is not only related to natural increase, but is greatly affected by the factor of external migration, whose effects became clear during the last period of (2010-2020).

Effect of bay-span length on ductility demand in steel-core buckling restrained braces under near-field seismic disturbances

Buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) represent effective passive control systems to improve the seismic response of newly designed and existing buildings. In BRBs, a sleeve provides buckling resistance to an unbonded core that resists axial stresses. As buckling is prevented, BRBs behave similarly in tension and compression, allowing for the development of stable hysteretic cycles, providing significant energy dissipation capacity. BRB frames have been widely investigated through experimental and numerical studies, demonstrating their capacity to improve the frame’s seismic performance. However, most of the studies focused on the seismic response considering Far-Field ground motions only. Conversely, there is still a lack of knowledge on the seismic performance of BRB frames under Near-Field pulse dominant seismic actions, and additional studies are required in this direction. In the present paper, several case study BRB frames characterized by different span lengths, with BRB devices designed according to the Equivalent Lateral Force Analysis Method, are numerically investigated by considering the effect of Near-Field ground motions. The frames are modelled in OpenSees, and Nonlinear Time History Analyses are carried out under a selected suite of Near-Field seismic records. Local Engineering Demand Parameters (EDPs) for the BRBs, such as the Maximum Brace Ductility and Maximum Cumulative Brace Ductility, are considered to evaluate the structural response. Probabilistic Seismic Demand Models (PSDMs) are successively developed for these EDPs and used to derive fragility curves. The results are compared for the different BRB frames to evaluate the influence of the design method and the BRB lengths (due span variation) on the structure’s seismic performance under the considered set of Near-Field ground motions.

1998-2018年呼伦贝尔市植被覆盖度时空变化及驱动力分析

呼伦贝尔市作为中国北方的重要生态屏障，其生态状况的变化及影响因素一直备受关注。基于1998-2018年SPOT/VEGETATION NDVI数据，结合地形、气候和社会经济数据利用像元二分模型、趋势分析法，并根据数据特点，综合多种统计方法，对呼伦贝尔市植被覆盖度（FVC）时空变化及驱动力进行定性与定量分析。结果表明：（1）21年间研究区FVC在低波动中缓慢增长，以4-5年为周期，周期内FVC先减少后增长，在空间上呈"西减东增"的变化格局；（2） FVC类型以极高和高为主，中、低、极低面积依次递减且总和仅占10%-15%，FVC增加、变化不显著及减少区域面积分别为135720.57 km²（53.56%）、107140.74 km²（42.28%）、10569.06 km²（4.17%）；（3）地形因素奠定了FVC"西低东高"的空间分布格局，气候和人类活动因素影响FVC的年际变化。位于研究区西南部的新巴尔虎右旗、新巴尔虎左旗、鄂温克族自治旗、陈巴尔虎旗和东南部的阿荣旗以气候因素为主导，位于中部大兴安岭上的牙克石市、额尔古纳市、根河市和扎兰屯以人类活动因素为主导，满洲里、海拉尔和鄂伦春自治旗则受气候因素与人类活动因素的综合影响。驱动力因素对FVC变化的影响具有差异性和双向性，在合理的政策和规划下，可以实现社会经济发展与生态环境可持续发展的双赢。;With the rapid development of the global economy, the ecological environment is deteriorating, and it is urgent to carry out environmental change monitoring. The rise of remote sensing technology has made it possible. As an important ecological barrier in northern China, Hulunbuir City has been receiving much attention. Currently, the ecological environment monitoring of Hulunbuir focuses on the use of multi-period remote sensing images, combining with climate data, and a single driving force analysis method to study the changes in local vegetation and to explore the response of vegetation changes to the natural climate. However, there are few studies on the impacts of human activities on vegetation changes. Most of them are based on qualitative analysis or human activities as a whole, which is difficult to determine the specific driving force components and the influence direction and the extent of each component factor. This paper is based on SPOT/VEGETATION NDVI data from 1998-2018, combined with the terrain, climate and Human activity data, and comprehensively applying the trend analysis, coefficient of variation method, pixel decomposition model, principal component analysis, multiple linear regression, ridge regression and so on to carry out the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the spatio-temporal changes and driving forces of Hulunbuir's fraction of vegetation cover (FVC). The results show:(1) during the 21 year, the FVC in the study area slowly increases in low fluctuations, with a period of 4-5 years, during which the FVC first decreases and then increases, and there is a change pattern of decreasing in the west and increasing in the east in space. The FVC types are mainly extremely high and high, and the areas of medium, low, and extremely low are decreasing, and the sum only accounts for 10%-15% of the study area. The increase of extremely low and low type area is relatively large, which are 36.80% and 98.46%, respectively. The main source is the degradation of medium and high type, and the increase of extremely high type area is relatively large, which is 33786.03 km², and the main source is the further improvement of high type. (2) The areas with significant and extremely significant increases account for 53.56% (135720.57 km²), the areas with insignificant changes account for 42.28% (107140.74 km²), and the areas with significant and extremely significant decreases only account for 4.17% (10569.06 km²) of the research area. (3) There are obvious differences in the driving force of the FVC in different regions. Topographical factors lay the spatial distribution pattern of low west and high east and climatic factors affect the temporal distribution pattern of FVC. New Barag Right Banner, New Barag Left Banner, Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Arun Banner and Chen Barag Banner are dominated by climatic factors. Yakeshi, Erguna, Genhe City and Zhalantun is dominated by human activities factors, while Manzhouli, Hailar and Oroqen Autonomous Banner are affected by climatic factors and human activities factors. The influence of driving factors on Hulunbuir's FVC changes is bidirectional. With the correct policies and reasonable planning, it is possible to achieve a win-win situation for socio-economic development and sustainable development of the ecological environment. The research results provide the theory and data support for Hulunbuir's sustainable development of ecological environment and grassland protection policy.

An analytical parametric method for force analysis of planar mechanisms with sliding frictions

A purely analytical method for parametric force analysis of planar mechanisms with sliding friction, as well as frictionless planar mechanisms, has been developed herein. The method uses the well-known vectorial illustration of mechanisms, which is also widely used for the kinematic analysis of mechanisms. In this method, a joint force is either decomposed into components along the direction of its adjacent links and determined via the moment equilibrium equation of links; or can be vectorially determined from the force equilibrium equations of one of the adjacent links. Unlike the common analytical method which leads to a system of simultaneous equations, this method leads to a set of algebraic and vectorial equations of only one unknown each. Force analysis of planar mechanisms has always been cumbersome and time consuming, but this method has proved to be simple, straightforward and quick. As per the author's experience who has been teaching the subject for many years, this is the most suitable tool for teaching and learning the topic as it makes the user needless of graphical solution or lengthy matrix calculations both of which solve a mechanism for just one position, and must be fully repeated for any other position. This method generates a parametric solution applicable to the whole cycle of the mechanism and easily lends itself to automation. The advantage of the method over the common one has been demonstrated in an example.