Critical Discourse Analysis Method Research Articles

Ideologeme “revolución” in the political discourse of Spanish Carlism

The article examines the use of the ideologeme “revolution” in the Carlist political discourse. Spanish Carlism, which is one of the oldest political movements in modern Europe, appeared in 1833 and opposed liberal reforms in Spain. Throughout its history, the Carlists positioned themselves as consistent opponents of revolutionary ideology. The aim of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of the texts of Spanish Carlism and to identify the specifics of the use of the lexeme “revolution” and similar lexical units. To achieve the stated goal, 229 programme documents of the Carlist movement were analysed. The time frame of the study is 1833–1936. The lower temporal boundary is the Carlist uprising against the government in Madrid, which led to the First Carlist War. The upper temporal boundary is the beginning of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). In the analysed texts, 108 uses of the lexeme “revolución”, 39 of the noun “revolucionario” and 16 of the adjective “revolucionario” were singled out. Using the methods of contextual and critical discourse analysis we traced the change in the emotional colouring of the ideologeme in question. Since the Carlists were opponents of revolutionary movements, for them this notion served to create an image of the enemy, but over time the emotional colouring of the ideologeme in question decreased. In the analysed texts there is an opposition between the ideologeme “rebellion”, which has positive connotations, and the ideologeme “revolution” with negative connotations. At the genetic stage of the history of Karlism (1833–1876), a mixture of elements of religious and political discourse is observed.

An Analysis of the Kurmanjan Datka Movie in the Context of Historical and Ideological Film Criticism

Kurmanjan Datka Queen of the Mountains (2014) is a Kyrgyz historical drama film directed by Sadyk Sher-Niyaz tells the story of Kurmanjan Datka from Kyrgyz history. In this article, how the mentioned motion picture is discussed in Central Asian, Russian, Turkish and Western digital media is analyzed comparatively in the context of historical and ideological film criticism. It is tried to be understood how each country interprets the film in their own media, how they look at the history of Kyrgyzstan and its ideological discourse. In the research, critical discourse analysis method was used and conceptual and thematic classifications were made. At the end of the research, while more history and politics were discussed in the Central Asian media, the Russian and Turkish digital media did not show enough attention to the historical flow, while the Western digital media discussed the film in a multifaceted way in the context of economy-political, identity, gender and aesthetics. Another remarkable difference was that some of the Kyrgyz or Kazakh critics (especially statesmen, historians or artists) criticized the film on the economic-political axis. The in-depth and multidimensional criticisms of the film developed by the eastern critics were found in the Western media or Western journalists gave place to these views in their own digital media.

Critical conscious leadership for decolonisation: a Black consciousness perspective of authentically transforming leadership

PurposeThis paper draws on African anti-colonial thought and Black consciousness to propose critical conscious leadership (CCL) as a decolonising leadership approach appropriate for pursuing emancipation, social justice and innovation in a new African university.Design/methodology/approachI utilised the method of critical discourse analysis to study Ihron Rensburg’s language as he reflected on his leadership at the University of Johannesburg (UJ). The study engaged with Rensburg’s writings and texts on his account of leading the merger and transformation of UJ. The primary text draws from his book “Serving Higher Purposes” (2020).FindingsThrough the construction of CCL, the paper proposes alternative tenets for leading transformation towards a new African university. CCL grounds a decolonised and pluriversal new African university’s character premised on a consciously revitalised alternative thinking that will carry the communitarian spirit of Africa in knowledge production, dissemination and consumption in humanising all and serving the greater good. And it operates within the dialectical tensions of the social and economic purpose of higher education (HE), African and global relevance, African and Western paradigms, excellent performance and attainment of social justice.Originality/valueThe proposed CCL offers an alternative leadership approach that responds to the call to “Dethrone the Empire” by centring Blackness in HE leadership, which is crucial for authentic transformation and decolonisation.

Between Sexism and Expressions of Resistance over the Body: A Study of Poster Texts in Demonstrations in 2022

In April and September 2022, students in various regions in Indonesia held demonstrations. These activities demanded and protested against the government's discourse on the policy of 3 presidential terms. Meanwhile, in September, there was an action against the increase in fuel prices. Like the previous demonstrations, the action used posters as a medium of public communication. What was interesting about the posters was the content of the demonstration. The content of the posters tended to be more related to the body and sexual matters. The content used more metaphors of everyday life related to sexual activity. This spread massively in many social media. Through Theo Van Leeuwen's critical discourse analysis method, this research discusses several sexist poster texts and analyzes the social context behind the phenomenon. There are two assumptions that this paper tries to address. First, the poster content that appears is sexist content that demeans women. The second is that it is part of an expression of women's resistance to bodily restraint. Both arguments above will be reviewed in this paper. This research found that there was sexist content in posters that used direct or indirect expressions of sexism. The sexist expressions in the posters also show misogynistic practices because posters that denigrate women come from women. Findings also show that the sexist language used leads to pornography.Keywords: demonstration, poster, sexism, women, cda

A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of Lingnan Cultural Promotional Videos on Social Media

In recent years, more and more directors of culture and tourism have taken part in the promotion of local cultural tourism resources by cross-dressing, talent shows, and pushing their limits on self-media platforms. This study investigates short videos of Lingnan culture promoted by directors general and deputy directors general of the Culture, Radio, Television, Tourism, and Sports Bureau of counties and cities in Guangdong Province on social media by the method of multimodal critical discourse analysis. The analysis of 33 videos shows that Lingnan culture is a domineering and confident culture, historical culture, graceful and elegant culture, and vibrant and active culture. Domineering and confident culture is embedded in the utterances and behaviors of the directors general or deputy directors general in the video. Historical culture is realized through the conversation with historical figures through time travel. Graceful and elegant culture is constructed in the depiction of sceneries and the depiction of characters’ manners. Vibrant and active culture is represented in the depiction of the characters’ actional process and analytical process.

The News Media in Raising Conflicts Tension: A Critical Study Toward News Conflict Between Israel and Palestine

<p class="Default"><em><span lang="TR">This study analyzes the news about conflict between Israel and Palestine in online news media Foxnews.com on May 2021. The characteristics of news from these news media have quite specific characteristics, which is a strong tone, using open visualization, inviting debate, and succeeding in getting thousands of comments from the audience. In this point, even though the news is read by many people, it is also has the potential to exacerbate conflict in the field. This study adopts Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis method which develops analysis from the microstructure, superstructure, and macrostructure levels. The micro structure level looks at the local meaning of the news text from the choice of diction, sentence structure, and rhetoric. Then, the super structure level examines the news scheme, consisting of introduction, content and conclusion. Furthermore, macro structural analysis tries to see the global meaning of news texts by looking at news topics and the surrounding social context. The results of the study show that the Israel and Palestine conflict is not only due to the conflict of one of the group carrying out the attack. But at the same time it was also caused by hard conflict news, there was trauma to the victims in the conflict, as well as the global security conditions still not stable until now. </span></em><em><span lang="EN-US"> </span></em></p>

Emigration from Ukraine to Germany in the Context of the Russian-Ukrainian War

A new topic is submitted in the article, namely the study of changes in the social structure of modern Ukrainian society, in particular, forced migration processes in Ukraine and abroad, caused by the active phase of the Russian-Ukrainian war started on February 24, 2022. The adaptation mechanisms in Germany, where the second in number largest group of the forced migrants stay are considered in the work. The main issues include granting a residence permit in Germany with refugee status, state support, housing, material and medical assistance, educational services, employment, etc. Also the activities of Ukrainian public organizations in FRG, in particular diplomatic, confessional, volunteer, scouting, etc. are described. The paper is aimed at the conducting an analytical ethnological study of socio-cultural aspects, systematization of the statistical data on the emigration of the population from Ukraine to Germany from various sources (scientific literature, Internet resources, mass media, own field notes and illustrative materials from the participants of these processes, etc.). The main researcher’s attention is paid to the adaptation period of the war refugees, their adjustment to the new realities of life in Germany and the negative consequences of migration processes for Ukraine, both demographic, economic and ethnopolitical, ethnocultural. The emigration problem is extremely important and sensitive for modern society, requiring constant statistical updates, analysis and generalisation, therefore its relevance is obvious and timely. The general scientific methods and special ethnological ones are used in the study: system analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, classification (to reveal the subject of the article, structure it and summarise information in a single semantic wholeness). Interviews and audio recording of field material are used among the special methods (to replenish the factual base and clarify the current state of the problem). The method of critical discourse analysis has been used to analyse the interview texts. It provides the most complete picture of the migrant’s condition and adaptation in foreign and unusual surroundings. The scientific novelty of the submitted topic lies in the generalised analysis of statistical and demographic data on the scale of forced emigration of Ukrainians, which has and will continue to have a negative impact on the gene pool of our country.

Not your ordinary drone: odes to the Bayraktar in the Russia–Ukraine war

Abstract ‘Bayraktar’, a pop/rap song written by a Ukrainian soldier following Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, went viral, spawning various covers, from electronic dance music to hardcore punk. I analyse this digital archive of 19 ‘Bayraktar’ songs, including five that share only the title with Taras Borovok's paradigmatic song, and contextualise it within the broader historical and decolonial frameworks of Ukrainian resistance music, including the protest music of the Orange Revolution and the Euromaidan demonstrations, and the anti-war music produced during the Donbas war and in the first six months of the ongoing Russia–Ukraine war. I apply the method of multimodal critical discourse analysis to highlight the ways that sound, image (videos and stills) and text (lyrics and verbal descriptions on YouTube) forge nationalist and global protest rhetorics, and also function pragmatically to raise awareness, fundraise for the armed forces and humanitarian efforts, and boost morale in Ukraine and abroad.

Domination criticism and freedom criticism on flood news in online media from a Foucauldian view

This article discusses the issue of flood disaster polemics in online media using McKerrow’s critical rhetorical theory analysis, with the main aim of getting closer to discourse formations that have not been discussed in previous research on political interest contestation. This research uses Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis method to reveal flood news articles from 2019-2021 on Tirto.id. Meanwhile, the Foucauldian perspective in this study is used as a review of McKerrow’s critical rhetoric to analyze power, right and truth. Furthermore, this triangulation is explained in two criticisms, namely, criticism of domination and freedom in the online media Tirto.id in reporting on the flood. This study found that in terms of power, Tirto.id discusses criticism of power as a struggle for power in the social status of the upper and lower middle classes. Dominance tends to appear in social disparities and discrepancies in the effects of development on poor communities and the surrounding ecosystem. In terms of rights, Tirto.id discusses demands for ecological justice for lower middle class society. Finally, in terms of truth, the discourse about flood victims includes the lower classes as a result of land grabbing. This study concludes that criticism of domination shows that the government is not very serious about the concept of ecological justice for all groups. Criticism of freedom shows that Tirto.id expresses satire that floods are only suffered by poor people, not rich people.

The social construction of anti-tourism protest in tourist cities: a case study of Barcelona

Purpose Focusing on critical discourse analysis, this paper aims to propose a framework for analysing the way activist anti-tourism groups construct their social action of protest. The authors argue that activist groups use different narrative strategies to construct and legitimise their discourse of protest to convey social meanings for social action practices. This study represents an attempt to explain how anti-tourism activist groups have the agency to build different paradigms of protest rooted in particular views of tourism. Design/methodology/approach As a result of the lack of research in this area, this study used a comparative case study methodology drawn on four case studies in the field of anti-tourism protest. Case study is deemed adequate to explore a complex social phenomenon, how activist groups differ from each other, in a specific socio-economic context. A critical discourse analysis method is used to study primary (interviews) and secondary sources (reports, websites and online campaigns documents) of information, which express the activist group motivations and objectives to protest against tourism. Findings This study’s findings provide evidence in how discourse differs among the protest groups. Three narrative paradigms of protest are identified, which guide their agency: scepticism, based on a global and ecological approach; non-interventionist transformation, rooted in local community issues; and direct transformation, based on a sectoral problem-solving approach. These differences are interpreted as the consequences of the emergence and the development of different paths of protest according to specific social contexts and power relations in which anti-tourism groups are embedded. Originality/value This paper provides a contemporary approach to anti-tourism activism within the context of social movements. This case study may be of interest to practitioners and international destination managers interested in gaining a better understanding of anti-tourism protest strategies, new anti-tourism narratives following COVID-19 and the opportunities and challenges for opening a dialogue with those involved in activism and social urban movements as part of sustainable tourism governance. Our results can also help activists to rethink how they integrate differences and particular strategic positions to avoid hindering collective action. This knowledge is especially useful for managers and authorities seeking to develop more accurate collaborative governance practices with local activists, and especially those interested in fostering participative action without marginalising the diverse range of local community perspectives.

INDONESIAN CULTURAL IDENTITY IN SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORKS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON INSTAGRAM OF GEN Z USERS

Among the mediums that can be used to express cultural identity is social media. The purpose of this study is to examine how Indonesian culture is presented and how to preserve it, and how to express Indonesian cultural identity on the Instagram social media platform. This research was conducted using a qualitative research method in the form of a critical discourse analysis method. Initial research data through interviews with generation Z Instagram users and secondary data in the form of literature and observations. The results showed that Instagram social media can be a means to express Indonesian cultural identity. However, there are still many Instagram users who are not wise in using social media. This can be seen from the many negative comments made by Instagram users. This is contrary to Indonesian culture which is famous for its politeness. Therefore, it requires mutual awareness to utilize social media wisely. Cultural content that is interesting and relevant to everyday life can be a concrete step in expressing Indonesian cultural identity in the digital era.

Humans and Farm Animals in Documentary Film Narratives: A Romantic Perspective on the Problem of Capitalist Meat Production

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the role of Romantic notions in understanding contemporary human–animal relations. I examined how three documentaries dealing with the problem of farm-animal exploitation construct the relationship between farmers and meat producers on the one hand and farm animals on the other. Using the method of multimodal critical discourse analysis, I examined audiovisual and linguistic levels of documentaries. I argue that documentary narratives have a dual function in exploring these relationships. First, they produce anthropocentric narratives that focus on the farmer’s perspective and their experience of the relationship with farm animals. The anthropocentric narrative legitimizes the notions of traditional forms of sustainable agriculture in which animals graze freely, and a relationship of trust exists between farm animals and farmers. In this narrative, farm animals are portrayed as anthropomorphized and thus equal to humans. Ideologically, it follows the premodern idea of pastoralism. The second narrative is biocentric in that it focuses primarily on animals. This narrative consists of a critique of the exploitation of farm animals in large, industrialized fattening farms and slaughterhouses. I argue that the origins of both narratives lie in Romantic notions about the relationship between humans and animals. Ultimately, both narratives propagate a Romantic return to preindustrial pastoralism, advocating a harmonious coexistence of land, animals, and people, and rejecting industrial, mechanical, and technological forms of farm animal husbandry. I conclude by asking how Romantic ideas contest late capitalist forms of commodification of animals and what the limits of these ideas are in eliminating the exploitation of farm animals.

Representation of Women’s Abortion Experiences in Jeritan Dalam Botol Short Stories By Intan Paramaditha: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Sara Mills' Perspective

Literary works have a big role in shaping and changing people's thoughts, feelings, attitudes, opinions, and behaviors about women. This is inseparable from the ideology of feminism of literary works, one of which is in the form of short stories (short stories) based on a gender perspective. This paper aims to describe Sara Mills feminist ideology using a procedure for simultaneous analysis of critical discourse. Based on this goal, the author encourages the author to study in a literature study entitled " Representation of Abortion Women in Short Stories Jeritan dalam Botol by Intan Paramaditha: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Sara Mills' Perspective". This type and approach of research is a qualitative-descriptive method with a method of critical discourse analysis developed by Sara Mills, which is also often referred to as critical discourse analysis with a 'feminist' perspective. The results of the writing show the perspective in which women are beings who have the right to their bodies absolutely because they are the ones who best understand and understand their own circumstances. The act of Abortion is also as a self-existence against patriarchy even though the act of abortion is considered by the wider community as an act of error, in this short story the author tries to narrate the acceptable reasons for the act of abortion both from the abortionist and those that help the abortion process (abortion shaman). The problem of abortion is not only death but a complexity in life choices.

Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reporting on Human-Tiger Conflict in Riau Province

Riau Province, as the habitat for almost one-third of the Sumatran tiger population, continues to grapple with the challenges of human-wildlife conflict. Mass media pays particular attention to cases of conflict involving protected animals, especially if such conflicts result in fatal casualties, as seen in the case of Tasik Tebing Serai Village. This research aims to critically analyze the media discourse construction related to this conflict, which can influence public awareness, community attitudes, and even policy responses. The critical discourse analysis method by Teun van Dijk is employed to identify text structures, social cognition, and social contexts in the news published by national and local media, namely detik.com and riaupos.co, reporting on the conflict in Tasik Tebing Serai Village, Riau Province. The research findings indicate that despite mass media presenting factual information, they need to catch up in providing education, a fundamental principle of environmental journalism. Detik.com leans towards utilizing the "rewrite" method to increase its publication quantity, whereas riaupos.co focuses more on presenting diverse topics. Both media have their own dramatic and sensational characteristics in delivering the news by utilizing the word of choice to catch the reader's attention to the issue. This study delves into a deeper understanding of the importance of reporting environmental issues with environmental journalism principles to enhance public awareness, understanding, and responsibility regarding environmental problems.

Comparative pedagogies in mother tongue education: Türkiye and Indonesia

This study examines mother tongue education pedagogical discourses in Türkiye and Indonesia to address understudied language instruction policy dynamics and their practical implications in diverse educational settings. The study examined mother tongue education and its complex effects on cultural identity and educational outcomes in light of global and local linguistic landscapes. This study examined Turkish and Indonesian pedagogical discourses and classroom interactions in selected samples. Comparative written discourse analysis was performed on selected texts from Turkish and Indonesian 7th-grade secondary school textbooks. Classroom interaction was examined using in-class observations of 7th-grade secondary school students from both countries. The study used Teun van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis method for written discourse analysis and Flander's Interaction Analysis matrix for intra-class interaction patterns. The study compares written and oral secondary school pedagogical discourses in both countries using selected examples to determine their similarities and differences. This allows two large and powerful educational systems to benefit from each other. The study finds significant differences in mother tongue education program implementation and outcomes by comparing policy documents, teacher narratives, and classroom practices, highlighting the complex relationship between language policy, instructional methodology, and educational equity. The findings emphasize the need for context-sensitive language education policies that respect linguistic diversity and promote inclusive education. This research enhances mother tongue education research and provides actionable insights for educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers in Türkiye and Indonesia to promote reforms that consider learners' sociocultural and linguistic realities.

Transformation of Melodrama in Turkish Cinema from Yeşilçam to the Present: The Films Innocence and Destiny

Melodramas are dramatic works of art where the detailed character studies dominate the plot. The dialogues used in melodramas are generally emotional, and the characters are often portrayed in stereotypical forms. Melodramas usually focus on emotions like love. As a subgenre of drama films, melodramas carry the mentioned characteristics of this genre; thus, they have plotlines driven by powerful emotions such as love. Content-wise, melodrama films often deal with tragedies like hopeless love stories. Characters must struggle against significant social pressures from their lovers or families. Sacrifice is a fundamental tool for characters in this struggle. Yeşilçam melodramas adhere to the requirements of this genre. They typically revolve around an exalted love that could be noble and spiritual. Characters must fight for this love like medieval knights. The characters in these films are usually unfortunate, and their mistakes turn their lives into hell. Zeki Demirkubuz, an important director of the New Turkish Cinema, continues the tradition of melodrama as an inheritor of its themes. However, he differentiates himself from them in terms of how he approaches the concept of good and evil. This study examines the difference between these two understandings of melodrama through Demirkubuz's films "Innocence" and "Destiny" using content analysis and critical discourse analysis methods. Demirkubuz’s two films selected as samples carry the general characteristics of Yeşilçam melodramas such as exaggerated emotions, missed happiness, extremes, bipolar lives, event structures based on cause-and-effect relationships, monologue uses, music uses, while they differ from them at an important point. While Yeşilçam melodramas view humans as ontologically good beings despite their mistakes, Demirkubuz's cinema accepts humans as ontologically evil beings. This study will reveal that, unlike the previous studies’ theses, Demirkubuz’s cinema places evil at the center of its films through their event structures, dialogues and word choices, and thus turns upside down the approach of Yeşilçam melodramas to evil.

Public Demonstrations in Bulgaria and the Faces of Bulgarian Activism Today: A Case Study of the 2022 Lukov March and a Counter-Demonstration Organised by Feminist Mobilisations

This article is a case study of the 2022 Lukov March and a counter-demonstration to this march. The Lukov March is an annual event organised in Sofia by the far-right Bulgarian National Union, and the so-called Anti-Lukov March is a counter-demonstration organised by, among others, the group called Feminist Mobilisations. The article is based on two years of research conducted while working on a co-authored master’s thesis, involving netnography, participant observation and narrative interviews with women who identify with feminist or far-right activism. The study aims to analyse both events and both groups in the context of performative activist actions in the urban space of Sofia, with a particular focus on the issue of the performative body and performance in social space. In our work, we use the method of critical discourse analysis and anthropological methods.

The Protestant Denominations in Bulgaria and the Communist Newspeak

With the method of critical discourse analysis, the author explores the language and ideologies of the communist State Security regarding the Protestant denominations in Bulgaria. The study is based on archival documents of the State Security, memoirs of Christian pastors and studies of the repression of Protestant churches. Parallels are drawn with the peculiarities of Orwell's totalitarian newspeak and Klemperer's Third Reich language. The main features of the communist newspeak are outlined - a fanati-cal and exalted language, a language – a spell that dehumanizes, pathologizes and represses the class Enemy, just as the Nazi language condemns and destroys the racial Enemy. In addition to cruel, the communist language shares shears also other features of totalitarian newspeak: a monochrome black and white language that demonizes the Enemy and favors Power, falsification of history, doublethinks numb critical thinking in vicious circles. These peculiarities determine the cunning of the State Security dis-course, which allows ignoring the Constitution and the laws in their apparent observance.

Diskursus Tentang Ulama Perempuan di Sumatera Barat: Transformasi Gagasan Kesetaraan Syafii Maarif


 
 
 
 The discourse about female Ulama is part of a social movement that is currently developing in Indonesia. The authority of the ulama, which for centuries has been dominated by men, experienced turbulence with the presence of this idea, especially after the holding of the KUPI (Congress of Indonesian Women Ulama) and the training of Female Ulama Cadres on various social media platforms. The agenda of the women’s ulama movement is also in line with Ahmad Syarii Maarif’s ideas about egalitarian attitudes in religion and the importance of awareness of gender equality to encourage social change. The research for the article is intended to see how Buya’s progressive ideas can be transformed into the religious dynamics of society in West Sumatra. Reading of this phenomenon is carried out using critical discourse analysis methods. Attention is focused on the discourse of female ulama as part of the transformation process of the idea of equality championed by Syafii Maarif. It was found that support from the government and various elements of society for the existence of female ulama still needs to be fought for because awareness of the importance of clerical authority for women has not been developed.
 
 
 

Kadın Dergilerinde Toplumsal Cinsiyet İdeolojilerine Yönelik Bir Söylem Çözümlemesi

Women’s magazines are a means to create and reproduce women identity through emphasizing particular topics like fashion, beauty, love and horoscopes. In this sense, they convey some ideological messages – mostly cultural and gender-biased. Using critical discourse analysis method of Van Dijk (2001), this study intends to compare the social and linguistic patterns of love and sexual themes in horoscopes in women’s magazines in three cultures – English, German and Turkish. The data were collected from 2023 yearly horoscopes published in online women's magazines in three languages. The macro level analysis showed that in all three languages, horoscopes highlighted the place of love in women's self-improvement. German and English horoscopes reflected women as equal, independent, self-confident, and strong individuals, while Turkish horoscopes conveyed a more conservative perspective on love, partnership, and sexuality, emphasizing traditional gender roles and perpetuating stereotypes. Regarding the micro level of the analysis, left and right dislocation were frequently found in the German horoscopes, compared to Turkish and English ones. Questions and imperatives were mostly applied pattern in the three language. The employment of plural and singular forms of you pronoun and the lexical strategies used to address readers showed variations in Turkish, German, and English horoscopes.