Method For Determination Of Surface Area Research Articles

Removal of Erythrosine B using Prosopisspicigera L. wood carbon-iron oxide composite

The present study investigates the removal of Erythrosine B (EB), a neurotoxin and carcinogenic dye from aqueous system using Prosopisspicigera L. wood (PsLw) carbon-iron oxide composite. The adsorbent is well characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for surface morphology, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen adsorption method (BET)/methylene blue method for surface area determination and potentiometric methods for surface charge (pHzpc) determination. The removal capacity of the adsorbent has been evaluated by batch method under varying pH, contact time, adsorbate initial concentrations, and in the presence of other ions. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity is found to be 487.8 mg/g at pH = 2.0 for an initial concentration of 250 mg/L. The adsorption follows pseudo second order kinetics and fits to Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption is thermodynamically spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Pore diffusion and mass transfer studies are performed. Column mode analysis is applied in the process for industrial applications.

Arsenic removal using Prosopis spicigera L. wood (PsLw) carbon\u2013iron oxide composite

The present manuscript reports the removal of arsenic from aqueous solution using iron oxide composite of carbon derived from the plant material Prosopis spicigera L. wood which depletes the ground water of ponds, lakes and other water bodies. The adsorbent was characterised by Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope for surface analysis; Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and methylene blue method for surface area determination and pHzpc for surface charge determination. Experimental conditions such as pH, contact time, adsorbate initial concentration and in the presence other ions are varied to study the batch adsorption equilibrium experiment. The adsorption process was tested with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model and Langmuir isotherm was best suited. Sorption kinetics was analysed with pseudo-first- and second-order kinetics but adsorption follows second order kinetics. For an initial concentration of 60 mg/L of As(III) ions, adsorption capacity was found to be 83.84 mg/g at pH = 6.0. Thermodynamically the adsorption process is spontaneous, feasible and endothermic in nature. Adsorption involves pore diffusion, external mass transfer and complex formation. Column study was performed to apply this process for large scale treatment.

Insight into Copper‐Based Catalysts: Microwave‐Assisted Morphosynthesis, In Situ Reduction Studies, and Dehydrogenation of Ethanol

Herein, we report results of three distinct controlled CuO morphologies, urchin-like (CuO-UC), fiber-like (CuO-FB) and nanorods (CuO-NR), prepared by MWA method. These well-designed structures were then dispersed in silica (SiO2) and reduced in a H2 flow that produced the following catalysts: CuO1� xUC, CuO1� xFB, and CuO1� xNR (x = 0, 1, and/or 2); their subsequent activity for the dehydrogenation of ethanol is also discussed herein. The activity and selectivity of these catalysts depend on the physical and chemical structure of the active components, which are largely influenced by the catalyst preparation method. [13] In particular, the use of small-sized CuO crystals produced a highly active and selective catalyst for the dehydrogenation of ethanol into acetaldehydes with high turnover frequencies (TOF). The structural characterization of catalysts was carried out by using several ex situ techniques; highresolution field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), conventional temperature-programmed reduction under H2 (TPR-H2), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method for surface area determination, and in situ time-resolved X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the Cu K-edge during TPR under H2 experiments (XANES–TPR-H2). Complete experimental details are provided in the Supporting Information. In addition, the Cu metal surface after the reduction treatment of the samples was subjected to TPR measurements with N2O oxidation. [14] FESEM images of CuO assemblies with different morphologies obtained by efficient MWA synthesis are shown in Figure 1 . Our results show that both the solvent and the base influence the final shape of crystals. By using copper(II) chloride dihydrate in deionized water and ammonium hydroxide as the base, CuO-UC structures were obtained with an average size of 3 mm in diameter and nanostructured spines (10 nm of

Nanoporous and nanostructured materials made out of clusters for environmental applications

AbstractThe nanoporous materials prepared from iron-iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles are of great interest due to their enhanced possibilities for distribution in the environment, a high rate of chemical reactivity and also the possibility to enhance environmentally friendly reaction paths. However, production of these nanoparticle porous materials by conventional methods is difficult. Therefore, we use a cluster deposition system, which prepares the iron nanoclusters and iron-iron oxide core shell nanoclusters at room temperature. The nanoporous films are synthesized by using the nanoclusters as building blocks. These films are characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method for surface area determination.

Effect of sorption-desorption of water and methanol on the surface area and textural parameters of zirconia gels

Sorption-desorption of water on two hydrated zirconia gels with specific surface areas of about 300 m 2g −1 (as determined by nitrogen adsorption) did not change significantly the textural parameters. However, a similar treatment with methanol resulted in a surface area decrease of about 15–20%. Simultaneously, the C BET parameter was found to decrease to approximately one half of its original value. It is shown that the t-plot method for surface area determination can only be applied when the isotherm under study and the standard isotherm have nearly the same value of the C BET parameter.

105. Adsorption isotherms of n-butane at —78.5° and 0°C on ultrapure mineralogical graphite: a suggested method for surface-area determination

105. Adsorption isotherms of n-butane at —78.5° and 0°C on ultrapure mineralogical graphite: a suggested method for surface-area determination