Research Methods Research Articles

KINERJA PERANGKAT DESA DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI KANTOR DESA PARIJATAH KULON KECAMATAN SRONO KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI

The Performance Of Village Office In The Implementation Of Public Service In Village Office Of Parijatah Kulon Village, Srono District, Banyuwangi Regency. Along with the times, society demands high value public sercices from the government, even though these demands are repeteadly not in line with expectations, because public services have so far been less professional. To improve of service, a performance at the village office cannot work without a village apparture. This improvement in the quality of performance village apparature to save time in fulfilling the functions of village officials and aims to improve the work discipline of an employee works, so that the result obtined are in accordace with thw services ecpected by the community. The research method used in thid study is a qualitative approach, where the research is descriptive in nature which describe the phenomena in the field being studied. For data collection techniques is Observation, Interview, Documentation, and Triangulation. The use of this qualitative method aims to obtain in depth information about the performance of the Parijatah Kulon Village Apparature in the implementation of public services. The performance of this village apparature as invetigated using T.R Mitchell’s theory which has five aspects is quality, promptness, initiative, capability, and communication.

Dynamics of biological markets with multiple biosimilar competitors in the United States

ABSTRACT Background The dynamics of biological markets with multiple biosimilar competitors in the United States are poorly understood. Moreover, due to confidentiality issues, the relationship between originator biologic net prices, rebates and biosimilar entry is largely unexplored. Research design and methods We conducted a review of the Food Drug Administration (FDA) purple book and manufacturer websites to identify all originator biologics with multiple competitors and their characteristics. We leveraged a novel data source to examine originator biologic net prices and rebates over time and used descriptive statistics and interrupted time series analyses to assess their relationship with biosimilar entry. Results By December 2022, only five originator biologics had three or more available biosimilar competitors. Mean time between biosimilar approval and biosimilar launch was 9 months (SD = 7.04 months). By third biosimilar competitor entry net prices for originator biologics had decreased by 9.34% to 50.93% while rebates had increased by 25.35% to 89.71%. Conclusions Very few originator biologics have multiple available biosimilar competitors. Barrier to biosimilar availability seems to be at the approval level as time between approval and launch is relatively short. However, originator biologics respond quickly to biosimilar competition, mainly through an increase in rebates.

Greenwashing and the purchase behavior toward electric motorbikes: The role of eco-literacy

ABSTRACT Nowadays, due to the increasing green trends, numerous businesses in the automobile industry adopt greenwashing as a primary strategy to appear environmentally conscious, despite their production processes like manufacturing lithium-ion batteries, which are causing significant environmental pollution. By combining three theories as signaling, legitimacy, and psychological contract, the study focuses on solving the previous research gaps when examining the influence of greenwashing (GW), green brand image (GBI), green skepticism (GS), green confusion (GC), perceived betrayal (PB), eco-literacy (EL) on the purchase intention (PI) towards electric motorbikes among Vietnamese consumers. The study employed a convenient random sampling method with a sample size of 535 consumers in Vietnam. A quantitative research method and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach were used to analyze the data using SmartPLS software. The findings reveal that GW significantly influences the PI, and GBI, GS, GC, and PB partial mediate the correlation. Additionally, the study discovered the significant moderating role of GW in the correlation between GW to PI, GW to GS, and GW to PB. Based on the findings, the managers can apply marketing strategies to encourage consumers’ purchase intention and avoid greenwashing activities. Then, the theoretical implications and directions for future research have been proposed.

INTERVENSI DINI BAHASA DAN BICARA ANAK SPEECH DELAY

Language development is one indicator of the overall development of the achievement of cognitive abilities of children Language and speech delays must be recognized by parents from an early age, so that the management provided can maximize the language and speech capacity of children. This research was conducted to describe strategies for implementing early language and speech interventions. talk to children with speech delay The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study design. This research was conducted at the Happy Living Tesbatan Amarasi PAUD with a total of five children aged 4 years. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documents (diaries, checklist documents instrument for assessing achievement of language and speech development, video of early intervention program activities) Method of data analysis using descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach Based on the results of the discussion it can be concluded that there is an increase in language and speech of children with speech delay after being given early intervention Improved language and speech skills can be proven from the results checklist instrument by marking the achievement of language and speech indicators, namely children are able to answer simple questions, express feelings with adjectives, express wishes and mention familiar words

The Influence of Role Plays and Learning Motivation Towards The First Year Room Division Students Speaking Ability at Tourism Polytechnic of Palembang

Speaking ability is an important skill that must be possessed by students, especially in the field of tourism. This study aims to explore the effect of role play and learning motivation on the speaking ability of first-year students of the Rooms Division at Palembang Tourism Polytechnic. This research method used a factorial design with a population of first-year students of the Hospitality Department. The research sample consisted of 32 participants, consisting of 16 people in the Experiment Group and 16 people in the Control Group. Data were collected through questionnaires and two measurement instruments, then analyzed using Two-Way Analysis of Variance. The results showed that there was a significant effect of role play on students' speaking ability, both those with high and low learning motivation. In addition, conventional teaching techniques also had a significant effect on students' speaking ability, depending on their level of learning motivation. The use of role play proved to be more effective than the conventional teaching technique in improving students' speaking ability. This finding shows that there is an interaction between role play and learning motivation that affects students' speaking ability. Therefore, this finding emphasizes the importance of applying innovative methods and high motivation in the learning process to improve students' speaking ability. The implications of this study suggest that educators prioritize interactive and motivational teaching strategies to improve speaking skills, which are crucial for career readiness in the tourism industry. In addition, role play can be a key component in the curriculum that aims to improve communication skills at various levels of student motivation.

Etika Profesi Bimbingan dan Konseling: Asas Kerahasiaan Dalam Konseling Kelompok

The purpose of this research is to discuss the role of ethics in the guidance and counseling profession, especially the principle of confidentiality in the group counseling process. This research method uses a literature review which examines several scientific articles resulting from previous research. The results of this research indicate that counselors have an ethical obligation to explain the importance of confidentiality during group counseling. The importance of implementing the principle of confidentiality in the implementation of counseling guidance because the success of counseling guidance depends on implementing the principle of confidentiality. This concept demands openness between the counselor and counselor as well as confidentiality of the client's problems.

The Relationship Between the Percentage of Skeletal Muscle (SMP) and the Emergence of Degenerative Diseases (Hypertension) in Posyandu for the Elderly Mugi Sehat

Degenerative disease is a condition of continuous decline in body function with increasing age. Hypertension is a degenerative disease that is often suffered by the elderly. The aging process results in changes in body composition, often without being accompanied by weight changes. Increasing age in the elderly will experience functional limitations caused by changes in body composition, one of which is the Percentage of Skeletal Muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the percentage of skeletal muscle and the emergence of degenerative diseases (hypertension) in the elderly at the Mugi Healthy Elderly Posyandu. The instruments in this study used a Digital Sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure and an Omron Karada Scan Body Composition Monitor Model HBF-375 to measure Skeletal Muscle Percentage. This research method uses a cross-sectional research design. The sample in this study is 58 people. The research was conducted at the Mugi Sehat Elderly Posyandu in the working area of the 2022 UPTD Kembar I health center in May-June 2023. The sampling technique in this study uses total sampling and data analysis using the Spearman Rank test. The results of this study from the bivariate analysis showed that there was no relationship between the Percentage of Skeletal Muscle and the emergence of degenerative diseases (hypertension) in the elderly at the Mugi Healthy Elderly Posyandu, namely the Percentage of Skeletal Muscle with hypertension P value = 0.576 (CC=-0.075).

The Influence of Leadership and Work Environment on Work Motivation and Its Impact on Teacher Performance at State Senior High School 14 Palembang

This study aims to determine and analyze the Influence of Leadership and Work Environment on Work Motivation and its Implications on Teacher Performance both directly and indirectly. The research method was conducted quantitatively using descriptive-correlation research to assess the relationship between the variables studied. The study was conducted using a validity sample of 49 people taken from the total population. The results of this study indicate that Leadership (X1) has a positive and significant effect on Work Motivation (Y1); Work Environment (X2) has a positive and significant effect on Work Motivation (Y1); Leadership (X1) has a positive and significant effect on Teacher Performance (Y2); Work Environment (X2) has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance (Y2); Work Motivation (Y) has a positive and significant effect on Teacher Performance (Y2)

Systematic Literature Review: The Effect of Work Posture on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Goods Loading and Unloading Workers

In lifting and transporting activities, many are still done manually, so in this activity, it is necessary to have the correct work posture when carrying out lifting and transporting goods. Lifting activities with the wrong working posture can increase the risk of occupational diseases, namely musculoskeletal disorders. This study aims to find out whether there is an influence of work posture on musculoskeletal disorders. The research method used is a literature review of seven journals that have been selected based on inclusion criteria. The results of this study showed that in lifting and transporting activities, work posture affects musculoskeletal disorders, so there is a need to improve the abnormal working posture in lifting activities.

Implementation Models and Examples of Health Policy in Indonesia

Indonesia's health policy continues to develop in line with changes in community needs and the global situation (Ministry of Health, 2020). However, the implementation of health policies often faces various challenges. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing examples of health policy implementation in Indonesia, including the problems. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method, namely collecting data from various secondary sources including journals, government reports and other official articles. The terms used in the literature review as a source for writing this journal are implementation, policy, and health. The results of this research show that the implementation of health policy in Indonesia faces various challenges, suchas limited resources, lack of coordination between stakeholders, and cultural barriers, as well as achieving optimal results varies. This also shows that improvements are needed in certain aspects.

The Relationship Between Level of Knowledge and Healthy Behaviors with the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Teachers at SDN 106 Aek Galoga

Coronary artery disease (CHD) is a condition caused by problems with the coronary arteries which cause narrowing and blockage, which can disrupt the body's energy transfer process and cause an imbalance between oxygen demand and oxygen supply. This research aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and Healthy Behaviors on Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors. This research method uses correlative analysis and a cross sectional approach. This research describes the relationship between a person's knowledge and lifestyle and the risk of coronary heart disease. The sample in this study consisted of 20 adults who were teachers at SDN 106 Aek Galoga. The selected subjects were interviewed using a research questionnaire. After conducting research, it can be concluded that 4 people (20.0%) had a good level of knowledge, 13 (65.0%) had a good level of knowledge, and 3 people (15.0%) had a poor level of knowledge. The results of the chi-square test show that there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of the risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease with a p value of: 0.001. Based on the data we obtained from 20 respondents from SDN 106 Aek Galoga, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge and Healthy Behaviors and risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease.

Monetized Interactions in the Sexual Minorities Network at Daneshjoo Park (Tehran, Iran)

AbstractDaneshjoo Park is located in the center of Tehran and is the first hang-out for modern life in the city, gathering different communities such as students, artists, and various lifestyles. Over the years, it has become the most famous hang-out for LGBTQ communities. Despite its significance and hundreds of visitors per day from different parts of the country, Daneshjoo Park has faced years of neglect. This study, employing grounded theory as a research method and in-depth interview as a gathering data method, investigates the emergence of sex work in the park. Participants, aged 18–40, active or retired sex workers, were selected using theoretical and snowball sampling. The findings highlight that underlying individual circumstances, such as poverty, act as catalysts for creating conditions conducive to engaging in sex work, referred to as “Individual Background Conditions.” These conditions facilitate entry into the social network of sex workers, thereby enabling the manifestation of the phenomenon of sex work within Daneshjoo Park, where individuals are gravitated to engage in sex work. The study identifies “Actualizing Interaction Conditions” as the supportive and reproductive causal mechanism through which the network operates, bringing individuals with these background conditions into the fold. This mechanism has enabled the manifestation of the phenomenon of sex work within Daneshjoo Park. The research also identifies a significant historical shift, termed the “Historical Factor,” indicating a transition in the logic of interaction from traditional forms of interaction to monetary exchanges, which has fundamentally altered the landscape of sex work in the park. Ultimately, the study suggests social empowerment strategies as a response to these findings.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik dan Budi Pekerti dengan Metode Problem Based Learning Fase D Kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Tukka

This study aims to determine the improvement in student learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education and Character Education after the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method for seventh-grade students in Phase D at SMP Negeri 3 Tukka. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection phases. This method was chosen for its ability to develop critical thinking skills, collaboration, and the application of religious values in daily life. The study employs a quantitative approach with pretests and posttests to measure learning outcomes. Data were collected from test results and observations during the learning process. The results indicate a significant improvement in student learning outcomes following the implementation of the PBL method. In the first cycle, the average student score increased from 70.6 to 75.6, while in the second cycle, it rose further to 90.6. Additionally, there was an improvement in critical thinking skills and the ability to work collaboratively among students. Thus, the implementation of the PBL method has proven effective in enhancing learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education and Character Education for seventh-grade students in Phase D at SMP Negeri 3 Tukka.

Eksplorasi Etnomatematika Geometri Bangun Datar Segitiga pada Pakaian Tradisonal Sortopi Khas Suku Batak Toba

Exploration of ethnomathematics in the context of flat geometry, especially triangles, in traditional Batak Toba clothing, is an interesting and important study. This study aims to reveal the relationship between mathematical concepts and local culture, and how geometric elements can be found in the design of Sortopi traditional clothing. This research method uses a qualitative approach with data sources, namely library studies, from several literature reviews according to the topic and purpose of the study. The results of the study show that Sortopi is a complement to traditional Batak clothing used by men as a crown or headband. The shape of Sortopi contains elements of isosceles triangle flat geometry, thus showing that cultural elements are inseparable from mathematics.

Upaya meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta didik dan Sikap Gotong Royong Dengan Metode Problem Basic Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Audio Visual Pada Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Katolik dan Budi Pekerti di kelas VII Fase D SMP N 2 Doloksanggul

This research aims to improve learning outcomes for Catholic students in class VII of SMP N 2 Doloksanggul by using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by audio-visual media which is applied in PaKat and BP learning for the odd semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in 2 cycles through 4 stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection with different learning materials. The subjects of this research were 15 students in class VII of SMP N 2 Doloksanggul who were Catholic. The indicators of success in this research are based on increasing learning outcomes in cognitive, affective and psychomotor and social aspects. Data collection techniques using observation and assessment of student learning outcomes. Data analysis techniques with formulas to determine average values and percentages. The research results showed that the average student interest in learning in cycle I was 72% in the proficient category and experienced an increase in cycle II, namely 78% in the proficient category. The overall average percentage of interest in learning has reached more than 90%, so the researchers state that this research has achieved success. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Audio Visual media can increase students' interest in learning.

Adapting the World Café Method to an Online Format: Insights From Novice Qualitative Researchers

The original World Café (WC), by Brown and Isaac, is a widely used data collection method in qualitative research across various settings and is typically conducted in person. However, during the spring 2020 semester, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted us to adapt our planned WC research project from an in-person to an online format using Zoom. Two online cafés were hosted with branch campus students of a large Midwest university during October, one in the morning (n=11) and one in the evening (n=7). This methods paper offers a concise overview of the WC method as an innovative approach to qualitative data collection in a branch campus college setting. We outline the original research plan, detail the adjustments made for online cafes, and summarize the outcomes of these virtual sessions. As novice qualitative researchers working with branch campus college students, we draw vital lessons from our experience with the WC. These lessons emphasize the importance of selecting a method suitable for the target audience and researchers’ expertise level. Active participation in one or more WCs before conducting a study proves invaluable, and we highlight the facilitative role of a graphic recorder in ensuring optimal engagement and effective member-checking.

A Highly Efficient and User-Friendly Sensitive Skin Model on the Forearm.

Sensitive skin is a worldwide skin problem, and its assessment of therapeutic efficacy traditionally relies on the facial stinging test. However, this test possesses certain limitations due to its restrictive application site, intense pain sensation, and adverse effects on physical appearance. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a highly efficient and user-friendly sensitive skin simulation model, which combines tape stripping and capsaicin testing on the forearm (FA-TS-CAT), as an alternative to the facial stinging test. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted involving 74 subjects. Skin redness (a* value), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and self-assessment questionnaires were collected at different time points for analysis. Tape stripping 5 times and 10 min application of capsaicin test were identified as the optimal conditions for the FA-TS-CAT model. Consistent stimulation and natural recovery trends of a* value and TEWL were observed on both the FA-TS-CAT and facial capsaicin test (F-CAT) models within 50 min. After the 4-t-butylcyclohexanol complex emulsion was applied, the a* value in the FA-TS-CAT model exhibited a soothing trend similar to the F-CAT model, with a significantly reduced by 3.99-fold and 3.28-fold at T3 and T4 (p < 0.001), compared to the placebo. Notably, the test efficiency of the FA-TS-CAT model was threefold higher than that of the F-CAT model, and subjects showed more willingness to participate in the FA-TS-CAT test (95.95% vs. 4.05%). These results indicated the FA-TS-CAT is a highly efficient and user-friendly model for sensitive skin, providing a reliable and valid method for clinical research in sensitive skin treatment.

The burden of mental health issues in Behçet’s disease: implications for patient quality of life

ABSTRACT Introduction Depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent mental health conditions in Brazil. Both are associated with poor quality of life (HRQoL) and challenges in disease management for chronic illnesses, including Behçet’s disease (BD). This study aimed to evaluate depression, anxiety, and HRQoL in BD patients from a non-endemic area. Research design and methods This case-control study included adult BD patients from Brazilian tertiary center and healthy controls (HC). All patients fulfilled the ISG and ICBD diagnostic criteria. Depression, anxiety and quality of life were assessed using BDI, HADS, SF-36, and physical capacity with the HAQ. Results We enrolled 58 BD patients (60% female, median age 48.5) and 96 HC (74% female, median age 40.5). High rates of depression and anxiety were observed in BD patients, correlating with disease activity, younger age, absence of a partner, shorter disease duration, and lower income. BD patients showed significant HRQoL restrictions, particularly in physical and emotional roles, compared to HC. Longer disease duration correlated with better HRQoL. Conclusion High rates of depression and anxiety were observed in BD patients, negatively impacting HRQoL, particularly in those with higher disease activity. Further study and clinical attention are warranted to enhance patient care and outcomes.

Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Menggunakan Model Project Based Learning Berbantuan Media Audio Visual Fase C Kelas VI SDN 033913 Kalang Baru

This research aims to apply the Project Based Learning model to improve critical thinking skills of Phase C Class VI students of Elementary School UPT SD Negeri 033913 Kalang Baru. This research process uses a classroom action research (CAR) method assisted by audio-visual media involving 5 Phase C class VI students in the 2024/2025 academic year. The results of the analysis show a significant increase in students' critical thinking skills in the application of the Project Based Learning model in each cycle for two meetings. The implementation of the PjBL model steps that have been applied such as determining basic statements, preparing project plans, preparing schedules, monitoring, testing results, and evaluating experiences. The results of the observation show that each meeting gets a good average score. The overall achievement of activities at the first meeting reached 95% for the assessment of observer 1 and 96.25% for the assessment of observer 2. The overall achievement of activities at the second meeting reached 97.5%. The teacher's ability to Determine Basic Questions in cycle I increased by 50% to 83.3% with an increase of 66.7%. Teachers' ability in Making Project Design in cycle I increased by 80% to 90% with an increase of 12.5%. Teachers' ability in Monitoring Project Progress in Cycle I increased by 83.3% to 100% with an increase of 20%. Teachers' ability in Assessing Results in cycle I increased by 80% to 90% with an increase of 12.5%. Teachers' ability in Evaluating Experience in cycle I increased by 50% to 100% with an increase of 100%. Students' ability in Providing Simple Explanations in cycle I increased by 30% to 60% with an increase of 100%. Students' ability in Building Basic Skills increased by 26.7% with an increase of 100%. Students' ability in Making Inferences increased by 40% with an increase of 100%. Students' ability in Providing Further Explanations increased by 26.7% with an increase of 100%. Students' ability in Organizing Strategies and Tactics increased by 33.3% with an increase of 100%. The recommendations of this study include facilitating teachers in implementing an effective Project Based Learning model and expanding the project-based and interactive learning approach model.

Forecasting terrorist threats as an element of the anti-terrorist system

The article is devoted to the problem of forecasting terrorist threats and its role in the state’s anti-terrorist system. The aim of the article is to present the methodology of forecasting terrorist threats at three levels: strategic, operational and tactical. The text presents basic methods, techniques and tools used in threats forecasting. The main thesis of the article is the statement that a properly prepared forecast allows to determine with a high degree of probability the possibility of a terrorist threat, however, in such a case we are always dealing with the assessment of such a possibility, and not with cognitive certainty. System analysis was used as the basic research method.