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OVERVIEW OF TRAILED VEHICLE DESIGNS FOR TRANSPORTATION OF LARGE-SIZED AND HEAVY BUILDING EQUIPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THEIR PARAME-TERS

The relevance of the processes of processing construction waste into secondary raw ma-terials will only increase over the years due to the increasing number of outdated or destroyed buildings that are not suitable for further operation. The processing of concrete into secondary crushed stone includes such processes as separation, sorting and grinding, which are performed directly at the places of construction waste generation. For their implementation, it is necessary to deliver specialized mobile crushing and sorting plants, which belong to large-sized and heavy equipment. Special technical means for oversized and heavy loads are used to transport mobile crushing and sorting plants, as well as other specialized equipment. The most suitable means for transporting such cargoes are trailed vehicles, namely trawls. Trawlers are manu-factured in the form of trailers or semi-trailers, which differ in the number of axles, load capacity class, height and method of loading, type of suspension, etc. In the work, an overview of the existing designs of trailer vehicles for the transportation of large-sized and heavy loads was performed, and their parameters were analyzed. According to the obtained results, it was determined that within the same load capacity class, trawls differ in terms of total weight, platform length, loading height, metal capacity of the structure and other parameters. The advantages and disadvantages of various layout schemes of road trains (tractor and trailer) are determined. Knowledge of the constructions of these vehicles, their parameters and operational features allows you to make a choice in accordance with the conditions of transportation, characteristics of the cargo, the distance of transportation and routes.

Interfacial Oxygen Vacancy of CuOx-CeO2 Enhances H2O2 Activation and Pollutant Degradation.

In the Fenton process, the development of catalysts with a wide pH range and good stability has been a long-term goal in water treatment technology. This study proposes a strategy to solve this problem by preparing supported catalysts CuOx@CeO2-IE using an ion exchange reversed loading method. The generation of a large number of interfacial oxygen vacancies with Cu-OV-Ce (OV represents an oxygen vacancy site) structures prolongs the O-O bond of H2O2, promotes the rupture of the peroxide bond of H2O2, and thereby promotes the activation of H2O2 on the surface of the catalyst. The results show that with a H2O2 concentration of 5 mM and CuOx@CeO2-IE at 50 mg/L, the removal rate of bisphenol A is 94.1% in 60 min, in which •OH dominates the degradation process. Moreover, the system can operate well within a relatively wide pH range (4-8). This study provides a novel strategy for the design of Fenton catalysts with a wide pH suitability and excellent stability.

ІНТЕГРОВАНЕ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ ХВОСТОВОЇ ЧАСТИНИ ФЮЗЕЛЯЖУ ЛІТАКІВ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ КАТЕГОРІЇ

For the first time, when designing transport category aircraft with a tail cargo hatch, a method of integrated design and construction of the fuselage tail section has been developed and presented, which, using mathematically described parameters, allows the creation of a particular master geometry of the fuselage tail section for a specifically selected cargo door scheme. The method has been improved to allow the design of transport aircraft not only at the stage of creating a fundamentally new aircraft concept, but also as a means of modifying an existing passenger aircraft type through deep modernization. A systematization and classification of existing types of cargo doors of the transport category aircrafts according to their design features has been developed. A separate group of tail cargo doors has been identified. Five typical schemes of cargo hatches in the tail section of the fuselage have been formed. A universal parametric method for specifying the master geometry of the fuselage tail section has been created, which allows the implementation of any of the above schemes of cargo doors in the fuselage tail section, including a unique one, implemented only on AN aircraft with a rolling ramp. The relationship between the parameters of the cargo door and the transportation characteristics of the aircraft, which depend on the range and types of cargo to be transported, methods of loading and unloading, and airdropung, is described. The methods of three-dimensional parametric modeling of both the tail sections of the fuselage and transport aircraft as a whole were further developed when creating a master geometry, a space distribution model, analytical standards of airframe structural elements, and a model for the complete determination of the geometric parameters of the aircraft using CAD/CAM/CAE/PLM technologies. The presented results have been implemented in the practice of designing transport category aircraft at ANTONOV Company, as well as at the National Aerospace University named after M.E. Zhukovsky “Kharkiv Aviation Institute” in the educational process of training aviation specialists.

Study on economic design and construction program of steel-hybrid combined girder bridge

In order to make full use of steel tensile and concrete compressive properties, combined beam cross-section stress-strain distribution characteristics and cross-section characteristics and loading procedures are closely related. At present, the cross-section form of I-beam combined with concrete panel is widely used, and the strength of the upper flange of the steel beam of the supported combined beam and the strength of the concrete panel of the unsupported combined beam have not been fully utilized. Through the theoretical analysis of different loading methods of combined beam strain stress distribution, so as to optimize the cross-section form, the proposed supported combined beam using the lower inverted T-shaped cross-section combined with the form of concrete panels, in the given actual engineering cases can obtain a higher elastic ultimate bearing capacity and can save 9.5% of the amount of steel. The unsupported loading method of I-beam combination beams can use lower grade concrete for better economy. Making full use of the neutral axis position change to design the combined beam cross-section is operable, inverted T-shaped steel beams combined with concrete panel combined beams is a way to save steel and reduce the construction of welded joints, with significant economic benefits.

Tuning the interaction between Cu and surface -OH in Cu/Ti3C2 MXene derived catalyst for enhanced semi-hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate

Methyl glycolate (MG), a crucial chemical raw material and fine chemical intermediate, holds immense potential in the production of the next-generation biodegradable material, polyglycolic acid, via polycondensation reactions. In this study, layered Ti3C2 MXene was used as support precursor to construct Cu based catalysts for the semi-hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to MG. By fine-tuning the loading method of Cu species, the interaction between Cu species and surface hydroxyl groups (-OH) was modulated, and the effect on the semi-hydrogenation performance of Cu-based catalysts were thereby explored. These catalysts underwent rigorous characterization using BET, SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR, H2-TPR and XPS techniques. The results revealed that varying loading methods significantly influenced the interaction between Cu species and surface -OH on Ti3C2 MXene during preparation process, altering the content of Ti-O-Cu as well as the Cu0 ratio of Cu/Ti3C2-derived catalysts. The Cu/Ti3C2 MXene-I catalyst displayed remarkable performance, achieving a MG selectivity of 88.85 % and stability of up to 120 h in the DMO hydrogenation reaction due to its high Cu0 ratio and large Cu particles.

A multi-stage balancing scheduling method for flexible loads of large-scale electric vehicles

To address the degradation of grid quality and charging efficiency associated with the large-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs), a multi-stage balanced flexible load scheduling method is proposed. This approach is designed to facilitate peak shaving and valley filling, balance intermittent energy fluctuations, and provide auxiliary services, thereby significantly altering system load characteristics, smoothing energy fluctuations, reducing operational costs, and enhancing the regulatory capabilities of power grid dispatching operations. A multi-objective optimization mathematical model is developed, focusing on key indicators that impact the scheduling process, including network loss, operational cost, and user satisfaction. A multi-stage flexible load scheduling framework is introduced within the competitive swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm, resulting in the design of an advanced CSO algorithm. This algorithm is distinguished from traditional methods by the implementation of advanced learning based on grouping after a random competitive learning phase, which enhances the efficiency of particle swarm learning while ensuring stable population convergence throughout the optimization process. Furthermore, the CSO framework is maintained to ensure effective population diversity, greatly improving the optimization performance. Simulation results indicate that the voltage fluctuation index of the proposed algorithm is 1.8% lower than that of the standard CSO algorithm, while network loss and operational costs are reduced by 2.83 and 5.81%, respectively, thereby validating the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.

Trends in Photopolymerization 3D Printing for Advanced Drug Delivery Applications.

Since its invention in the 1980s, photopolymerization-based 3D printing has attracted significant attention for its capability to fabricate complex microstructures with high precision, by leveraging light patterning to initiate polymerization and cross-linking in liquid resin materials. Such precision makes it particularly suitable for biomedical applications, in particular, advanced and customized drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the latest advancements in photopolymerization 3D printing technology and the development of biocompatible and/or biodegradable materials that have been used or shown potential in the field of drug delivery. The drug loading methods and release characteristics of the 3D printing drug delivery systems are summarized. Importantly, recent trends in the drug delivery applications based on photopolymerization 3D printing, including oral formulations, microneedles, implantable devices, microrobots and recently emerging systems, are analyzed. In the end, the challenges and opportunities in photopolymerization 3D printing for customized drug delivery are discussed.

Effects of Beads and Shot Peening Intensity on the Surface Integrity and Fatigue Performance of a Stainless Gear Steel

Shot peening was performed on stainless gear steel using multiple kinds of beads at multiple intensities. The effects of shot peening on surface integrity and the rotational bending fatigue performance were tested with the crack origin location observed. The results showed that the average surface roughness increases from Sa0.408 μm to Sa1.165 μm as the shot peening intensity increases, which does not necessarily lead to an increase in surface stress concentration coefficient. The compressive residual stress profile and the depth of the hardened layer increase with the increase of shot peening intensity. During ceramic bead peening, the fatigue improvement, with a maximum of 25 times, increases with the raise of intensity (0.06–0.20 mmA), while the fatigue improvement decreases when intensity (0.2–0.30 mmA) increases using cast steel shot. Based on ceramic shot peening, a method was proposed to predict the origin location of rotational bending fatigue cracks of gear stainless steel, in which the effects of surface stress concentration, compressive residual stress, and external load introduced were all considered. By using the superposition method of external load and residual stress, the maximum actual stress corresponding depth is obtained, which is the origin position of the rotational bending fatigue crack.

Mitochondria-targeted delivery of zinc-coordinated resveratrol nanoparticles rescues the osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells compromised by inflammation for periodontal wound healing

The inflammatory response elicited by oxidative stress in periodontitis dramatically impairs the osteogenic differentiation potential of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Mitochondria sense oxidative stress and regulate the viability and function of PDLSCs and are considered potential targets for regenerative medicine. Resveratrol (RSV) alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction, yet its unsatisfactory bioavailability greatly limits its effectiveness in mitochondrial therapy. Conventional RSV loading methods involving noncovalent interactions or covalent conjugation are either insufficiently stable or require tedious preparation processes. In this study, an RSV nanocarrier system that targets mitochondria was designed by crosslinking guanidine-grafted glycol chitosan (GGC) with RSV and forming zinc ion-based metal coordination bonds (GGC-Zn2+-RSV). Further analyses verified the low cytotoxicity of the synthesized nanoparticles and the indispensable role of guanidine in realizing lysosomal escape and mitochondrial delivery, which could result in more favorable osteogenic efficacy in the inflammatory environment by preserving mitochondrial function. Moreover, in vivo investigations revealed the pronounced effectiveness of GGC-Zn2+-RSV in periodontal wound healing, possibly because GGC-Zn2+-RSV predominantly promotes antioxidation and the recruitment of endogenous stem cells. This study provides a promising and feasible stem cell-based strategy for wound repair in periodontitis and provides insight into the development of novel RSV drug carriers.

Ultrasonication outperforms electroporation for extracellular vesicle cargo depletion

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), submicron-sized membranous structures released by cells, serve as vehicles of tissue-specific proteins and nucleic acids, facilitating intercellular communication and playing roles in pathophysiological processes. Leveraging their unique characteristics, EVs have emerged as promising drug delivery nanocarriers. Electroporation (EP) and ultrasonication (US) are among the prevalent techniques used for loading exogenous drugs into EVs owing to their simplicity and efficiency. However, the effectiveness of the two methods in depleting initial EV cargo has been overlooked. But this information is indispensable, as the bioactive residuals of EVs, notably derived from tumor or stem donor cells, may impact downstream therapeutic effects. Bridging this knowledge gap, therefore, can guide the selection of optimal drugs and loading methods tailored to therapeutic objectives. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate the protein and small RNA cargo of EVs treated with EP and US, respectively. We found that US exhibits higher efficacy in depleting EV cargo compared to EP, while US may also deplete essential endogenous molecules for combination therapy. Neither method demonstrated significant selectivity in cargo depletion, but they might preferentially retain few specific molecules. Additionally, membrane proteins are more prone to loss during US and EP treatments than cytoplasmic proteins.

A few-minute, simple, and affordable route to functionalized electrodes with DNA

A key challenge in developing DNA-based electrochemical sensors is the rapid and easy immobilization of DNA on different electrode surfaces. The current methods are often laborious and time-consuming. Here, we present a cost-effective and easy-to-perform method for efficiently functionalizing electrode surfaces with DNA in just a few minutes. Our strategy operates in two simple and rapid steps, regardless of the type of electrode, and avoids complicated and time-consuming procedures. The method uses phosphorothioate (PS) modification as an anchoring agent, which is a more cost-effective alternative to thiol (SH) modification, and eliminates the need for complex pretreatment processes. Additionally, a low-pH DNA loading method was used to quickly bind PS DNA to the gold surface without the need for surface-covering agents. We attributed the effect of low pH to the protonation of adenine (A), which leads to the formation of a parallel poly-A duplex (A motif) and facilitates vertical PS-DNA attachment to the electrode surface. Electrochemical techniques were used to confirm the vertical attachment of DNA to the electrode surface, and evaluation of the adsorption stability and hybridization efficiency confirmed the effectiveness of the method. The simplicity and efficiency of this method make it an ideal solution for researchers who require a fast and reliable method for DNA functionalization of electrode surfaces.

The mechanism of electric field control in the solidification of welding lines in magnesium alloy casting-rolling

According In this paper, two current loading methods are used to improve the solidification welding line of magnesium alloy casting-rolling from "Ɔ" to "1" shape. The results show that the Joule thermal effect can improve the temperature field distribution in the casting-rolling zone after the magnesium alloy melt is energized. Especially in the case of scheme 1, the temperature field distribution in the casting-rolling zone changes obviously. After the electric field is applied, the range of eddy current increases obviously, the accumulation of high temperature metal liquid appears at the eddy current, and the shape of solidification welding line is improved. When the current density is greater than 2.5 e7A /m2, the distance from the bonding point K to the outlet is less than the distance from K "to the outlet. The casting-rolling force on the edge of plate is small, which is conducive to inhibiting the edge crack of magnesium alloy cast-rolled sheet.

Influences of the stress ratio and local micro mineral aggregates on small fatigue crack propagation in the shale containing bedding planes

Due to the existence of bedding planes in shale oil reservoirs, the complexity of crack networks created by conventional hydraulic fracturing (HF) technology is limited, resulting in low oil production. In this paper, a fatigue loading method was proposed to increase the complexity of the cracking network. The propagation behaviors of small cracks were investigated and compared under both monotonic and fatigue loading conditions by using SEM in-situ three-point bending tests. In addition, the influences of local micro mineral aggregates and stress ratios (R = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) on the propagation behavior of small fatigue cracks (SFCs) in shale were quantitatively evaluated. The SEM in-situ fatigue tests demonstrated the effectiveness of fatigue loading in enabling SFC to propagate through the bedding plane and increase crack network complexity from a micro perspective. A fitting exponential formula of the stress intensity factor range threshold ΔKth and stress ratio R was obtained. This study assists us in deeply understanding the influence of micro mineral aggregates and stress ratio on the SFC propagation mechanism and its implications for HF design in shale oil reservoirs.

A hybrid predictive model with an error-trigger adjusting method of thermal load in super-high buildings

The precise prediction of thermal load has consistently garnered attention owing to its significant impact on energy conservation in buildings. The methodologies employed primarily concentrate on modeling within steady-state conditions, utilizing time-series data or mechanism model on fixed parameters. However, given the pronounced time-varying and multifaceted disturbance characteristics associated with building loads, current approaches exhibit constrained efficacy in addressing abrupt fluctuations in demand load and managing data noise. This limitation consequently undermines the accuracy of predictions. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model and an error-trigger adjusting strategy for predicting the thermal load in super-high buildings. The model is constructed by combining a thermodynamic model and an error cancellation model. The former, derived from an examination of the variations of material and energy in buildings, is proposed in the form of an approximate resistance-capacitance structure. The latter is developed using a wavelet threshold denoising technique, in conjunction with a convolutional neural network and a long short-term memory network. A self-adaptive state transition algorithm has been proposed, which relies on dynamically adjusting factors within the feasible region to optimize the selection of unknown parameters in the thermodynamic model. To enhance the flexibility of the hybrid model in effectively respond to the intricacies and fluctuations within the thermal conditions of buildings, an error-trigger adaptive updating strategy and a parameter calibration method based on sensitivity analysis are established. The real-world application results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented hybrid model and the adjusting strategy.

Multilevel immobilized CNT/SCN purification beads and the removal efficiency over TC[sbnd]HCl/clay composite pollutant in the underwater environment

Natural water bodies often contain a significant amount of suspended colloidal particles, which not only reduce water transparency but also have a high adsorption capacity for soluble pollutants. These composite pollutants can migrate rapidly with water flow, which are usually difficult to degrade and remove by traditional methods. Aiming at suspended contaminated waterbodies, this study introduced a multilevel loading method to prepare carbon nanotube/sulfur doped carbon nitride (CNT/SCN) composite photocatalytic purification beads. The surface of the obtained core-shell structured purification beads is loaded with CNT/SCN photocatalysts which exhibit three-dimensional conductive and porous characteristics. TCHCl was introduced as the target pollutant, and the removal efficiency of the composite purification beads under different water turbidity and hydrodynamic conditions were investigated. The results showed that during 15 h of degradation process, at the depth of 20 cm, with the flow rate of 0.015 m3/h and water turbidity of 10.3 NTU, the purification beads achieved a removal efficiency of 54.9% for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCHCl), which was 2.03 times higher than that of SCN purification beads. The three-dimensional porous structure of the surface exhibited excellent adsorption and trapping capabilities for suspended colloidal particles. The introduction of carbon nanotubes enhanced charge transfer ability of the surface layer and reduces the local charge accumulation effect caused by surface adsorption, which effectively enhances the adsorption of suspended colloid, and also significantly improved the degradation efficiency of TCHCl. This study provides a valuable insight for the engineering application of photocatalytic technology.

The association between resistance training volume load and session rating of perceived exertion in junior developmental female rugby league athletes.

Field-based team sports typically perform mixed-modality training, incorporating both field- and resistance-based sessions. As such, the availability of useful and reliable methods to monitor the internal and external training loads of all modalities is essential for planning effective training. Twenty-one junior developmental female rugby league athletes (age: 17.5±0.5years, height: 167.7±4.6cm, body mass: 71.1±12.9kg, and training age: 2.3±1.1year) performed two to three resistance training sessions a week for 20weeks (9 weeks preseason and 11 weeks in-season). The volume load method and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) were used to quantify the external and internal load of the resistance training sessions, respectively. Volume load was categorised into either dynamic, plyometric, maximal or repeated efforts. Multiple linear mixed models were performed to determine whether significant relationships were present between the changes in volume load components and sRPE throughout the season. Significant relationships were identified between a decrease in sRPE, with associated increases in absolute and relative overall volume load (T1,725.5=-2.1, p=0.04; T1,133.5=-2.2, p=0.03), and relative dynamic (T1,24.1=-8.4, p<0.01) and lower-body plyometric efforts (T1,16.8=-17.2, p<0.01). Conversely, significant relationships were observed between an increase in sRPE, with associated increases in relative lower-body (T1,20.3=12.9, p<0.01) and upper-body repeated efforts (T1,28.5=9.7, p=0.03) as well as relative upper-body plyometric (T1,71.1=2.9, p=0.01) and maximal efforts (T1,75.3=3.4, p<0.01). These findings highlight the practicality of the volume load method for planning and monitoring resistance training in field-based team sport athletes, providing useful data for the planning of specific exercises within the in-season training week.

Study of Stress-Corrosion Cracking on 304 Stainless Steel by Wedge Opening Loading Method and Acoustic Emission Technique

Study of Stress-Corrosion Cracking on 304 Stainless Steel by Wedge Opening Loading Method and Acoustic Emission Technique

Innovative Nanoparticle Synthesis and Multifaceted Applications in Medicine and Cancer Therapy

Nanotechnology has far-reaching implications and applications in multiple fields. The biomedical and health sectors can use nanotechnology concepts for medication delivery and treatment. Under controlled conditions, it can target and initiate administering drugs and several other therapeutic agents. Since cancer is the largest cause of death worldwide, prompt diagnosis and effective anticancer treatments are crucial. In this particular context, nanotechnology reduces side effects and directs drug delivery to specifically target cancer cells, providing unique benefits for cancer therapy. In the present thorough review, the most noteworthy new findings for 2010–2023 were compiled, which address the development and use of nanosystems for cancer treatment. Nanoparticles allow precise and controlled release of therapeutic substances at specific action locations, enabling targeted medication delivery. Size, shape, surface, charge, and loading methods impact its efficiency. Researchers have made advancements in encapsulating drugs into nanoliposomes and nanoemulsions, including paclitaxel and fisetin, and are currently testing their suitability in ongoing clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to serve as a continuous path toward recognizing the extraordinary potential of various nanoparticles in cancer therapies.

Guidelines for efficiency when batch processing HLM MARC records at a Large Academic Library

ABSTRACT As academic libraries continue to invest in electronic resources, batch processing of vendor-supplied MARC records has become a major aspect of cataloging procedures. As the scale of records increases, methods for efficient editing and loading become more important. This article uses the development of a workflow for handling records from EBSCO’s HLM service as a study for finding a balance between timeliness and discoverability when processing and troubleshooting large numbers of vendor-supplied records with a focus on scalability, automation, and coordination.

Enhancing the local compressive strength perpendicular to the grain of inorganic-bonded bamboo composite using glued-in rods

The inorganic-bonded bamboo composite (InorgBam) is a novel environmentally friendly engineered bamboo product manufactured from the bamboo fiber bundles glued together with magnesium oxysulfide (MOS) inorganic adhesive. Similar to raw bamboo culms, InorgBam exhibits significant material anisotropy that the compressive strength perpendicular-to-grain typically lower than that parallel-to-grain. To enhance the local compressive performance perpendicular-to-grain of InorgBam, the glued-in rods (GiRs) method was adopted, and the local compression test was conducted with various loading forms and GiRs parameters in this paper. Experimental results indicate that the GiRs method significantly enhances the local compressive strength and the deformation resistance perpendicular to the grain of InorgBam material. The replacement ratio and depth of GiRs are the major impact factors for enhancing the load-carrying capacity. The compressive ultimate load, yield load, and initial stiffness of the GiRs enhanced specimens increased by 167 %, 190 %, and 103 %, respectively. Furthermore, a universal predicted method of the yield load for local compression perpendicular to the grain of InorgBam material enhanced by GiRs was proposed considering the replacement ratio and depth of GiRs. The results herein can provide a basis expansion of the methods in enhancing the compressive properties perpendicular-to-grain of engineered bamboo materials.