Method For Industrial Production Research Articles

Round-the-Clock and Continuous Generation of Hydrogen and Oxygen

The main methods of industrial hydrogen production are: steam restructuring of methane and natural gas; coal gasification; biotechnology; water electrolysis. The most efficient method for producing pure hydrogen and oxygen is to produce pure hydrogen and oxygen in a photoelectrochemical cell. A photoelectrochemical cell produces hydrogen and oxygen directly from solar energy. In a photoelectrochemical cell, a combined anode, made from silicon semiconductor and metal mesh with large cells, submerged in water electrolyte solution, agitated by four photons of light, forms an oxygen molecule, which in the form of a gas bubble lifts from the surface of anode to the free surface of the water electrolyte solution. Two hydrogen cations, formed because of the dissociation of water, reaching the cathode, form a gaseous hydrogen molecule, which, turn into an electrolysis bubble, lifts from surface of cathode to the free surface of the water electrolyte solution. The article presents a new method for round-the-clock and continuous generation of hydrogen and oxygen, using a developed photoelectrolyzer-generator, taking a horizontally located combine anode, made from silicon semiconductor and metal mesh with large cells and burnt graphite cathode (electrolysis base) at the bottom of the photoelectrolyzer-generator; a membrane from fire hose material, located between electrodes; device, regulating the gap between the electrodes. Round-the-clock and continuous production of hydrogen and oxygen in the photoelectrolyzer-generator is ensured by using lamp, including LED with a daylight battery charger as a useful electrical load, which brightens the combined anode, made from silicon semiconductor and metal mesh with large cells at night until the morning and by continuously filling the photoelectrolyzer-generator with water.

Camellia meal-based adhesive with synergistic crosslinking of physical and chemical interaction for preparing aldehyde-free, anti-mildew, water-resistant wood-based composites

Wood adhesives containing toxic aldehyde-based adhesives play a vital role in the performance of wood-based panels, while the mechanical properties and water and mildew resistance of aldehyde-free adhesives are lacking. In this study, a high-strength aldehyde-free adhesive was constructed via a combination of physical and chemical crosslinks. Inexpensive alum was used to ensure a high degree of crosslinking and to increase the crystallinity. Metal ions in alum opened the protein helix, exposed the active groups, increased the number of hydrogen bonds, and ultimately improved the internal physical crosslinking ability of the adhesive. The compound formed by the Schiff base reaction formed coordination bonds with metal ions, thus forming a covalently-crosslinked network. The high-strength polymer produced in this study contained multiple physical and covalent crosslinks, resulting in significantly improved mechanical properties of the adhesive. Its water-resistant adhesive strength reached 1.96 MPa, which was 180.2% higher than that of ordinary phytogenic protein adhesive (0.69 MPa), and it can still reach 1.28 MPa after hot water circulation soaking experiment. The adhesive also possessed antifungal properties and flame-retardant capabilities, achieving a V-1 rating in the UL-94 test. This strategy expanded the application of phytogenic protein adhesives in environmentally friendly wood composite materials by replacing synthetic resins that released formaldehyde and provided an economical and feasible industrial scale production method for the preparation of high strength, water, and mildew resistant, flame retardant indoor and outdoor wood-based panels.

How knowledge resources drive industrial chain carbon reduction: an analysis from the knowledge management perspective

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the role and advantages of knowledge resources in the carbon emission reduction of the industrial chain, and how it can be used to promote the carbon emission reduction of the industrial chain, so that the industry can better achieve the saving of energy and the reduction of emission. Design/methodology/approach This paper argues that the traditional resource-plundering industrial chain production method can no longer meet the needs of sustainable development of the green and low-carbon industrial chain, and builds the coupling and coordination of knowledge technology innovation drive and industrial chain carbon emission reduction mechanism, in the four dimensions of industrial chain organization, government support, internet support and staff brainstorming, put forward suggestions for knowledge resources to drive carbon emission reduction in the industrial chain. Findings This paper holds that the use of knowledge resource advantages can better help industrial chain enterprises to carry out technological innovation, knowledge resource digital platform construction, knowledge resource overflow and transfer, application and management of network information technology, so as to reduce carbon emission in industrial chain. Originality/value This paper contributes to the discussion about the high-quality implementation of the revitalization strategy of the industrial chain and also deepens research on the knowledge resource-driven carbon emission reduction of the industrial chain. Further, this paper enriches the role of knowledge resources in the industrial industry, and the theoretical results support the advantages of knowledge resource in the field of chain carbon emission reduction.

Convection freeze-drying on squid: Principles, advantages and disadvantages

Currently, many different drying methods applied to seafood composed of squid. Different methods have other advantages and disadvantages, in which the convection freeze-drying method is commonly found in coastal communities on squid. Therefore. This article focuses on the principles, advantages and disadvantages of the convection freeze-drying method on squid as a foundation for the widespread application of this method in industrial production. The results are presented based on research documents on convection freeze-drying on squid and production practices.

Oxygen vacancies mediated ultrathin Bi4O5Br2 nanosheets for efficient piezocatalytic peroxide hydrogen generation in pure water

The industrial anthraquinone method for H2O2 production has the serious flaws, such as high pollution and energy consumption. Piezocatalytic H2O2 evolution has been proven as a promising strategy, but its progress is hindered by unsatisfied energy conversion efficiency. Hence, we report the efficient piezocatalytic H2O2 generation in pure water over oxygen vacancies mediated ultrathin Bi4O5Br2 nanosheets (~5 nm). Oxygen vacancies and thin nanostructure not only enhance the piezoelectric properties of Bi4O5Br2, but also advance the separation and transfer of piezoinduced charges. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations also prove that the introduction of oxygen vacancies enhances the O2 adsorption and activation ability with largely decreased Gibbs free energy of the reaction pathway. Profiting from these advantages, ultrathin Bi4O5Br2 nanosheets optimized by oxygen vacancies exhibit a prominent H2O2 evolution rate of 620 µmol g−1 h−1 in pure water and 2700 µmol g−1 h−1 in sacrificial system, dominated by a two-step single electron reaction, which exceeds most of reported piezocatalysts. This work demonstrates that oxygen vacancies and ultrathin structure can synergistically enhance the piezocatalytic performance, which presents perspectives into exploring the strategies of defects and nanostructure fabrication for promoting piezocatalytic activity.

(Invited) Industrial Relevance of Pulsed Electrochemical Methods

Industrial demands are the driving force on any optimization and development process for electrochemical plating processes and coatings. The classical demands focused on the mechanical properties such as wear resistance and hardness as well as the stability against corrosion.The galvanic coatings were tailored for meeting these requirements, defining the electrochemical systems that are currently standard in galvanic protection of industrial parts.With the introduction of new applications and production methods over the last 10 to 15 years additional functionality has been seeked by the industry, including chemical stability, bio-compatibility, microstructured surfaces, lubrication effects, magnetic properties and the ability of shock absorbance. Coating had to be adjusted, leading to the industrial realisation of dispersion and compound coatings, alloy deposition on a wider scale and Pulse (reverse) plating. While these, from an industrial perspective, relatively new plating processes already required some major rethinking of the traditional galvanic industry, the industrial requirements got even more demanding over the last few years. Especially with the origin of new industrial production methods, the homogenous treatment and coating of e.g. complex bionical structures became relevant.In order to follow the changing demands, the transfer from the classical thermodynamically controlled direct current or constant potential based surface treatment towards a kinetically controlled pulsed surface finishing has to be executed.While pulse plating is the most popular representation of these categories of finishing processes, pulsed electrochemical processes comprise a much larger variety of methods. Among these, pulse anodization, pulsed plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), pulsed electropolishing, electrochemical machining (ECM) and the recently introduced Hirtisation process are industrially used.The presenation will give an overview of possibilities for electrochemical engineering of surfaces for high-end technical applications by pulsed electrochemical techniques.

A Bibliometric Review of Green Technology- Related Research in the Textile Industry

Despite being an impressive contributor to the world economy, traditional production and processing methods in the textile manufacturing industry cause significant waste and pollution. Green technology has emerged as a viable approach for mitigating environmental consequences. Numerous scholars have investigated green technologies; nonetheless, a more thorough analysis of the development and characteristics of green technology research in the textile industry is needed. This bibliometric study examined the growth patterns and trends of green technology research in the clothing industry from 2000 to 2023. The data were collected from the Scopus database, and the bibliometric analysis tool VOSviewer was used to visualise the data. The study results demonstrated the exponential growth trends of green textile technology research since 2020. The study also uncovered productive journals, countries, and institutions researching green textile technology. The results additionally showed that the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), and China exhibit substantial publications, and the UK is the leading country for collaborative research in green textile technology research. This study identified five primary research areas in the green textile technology literature: environmental impact assessment, life cycle assessment of textiles, sustainable design of textiles, sustainable fashion, and circular fashion supply chains. This analysis can assist academics in identifying novel research methodologies.

Acoustical environments in the textile industry facilities: A case study of Malatya Province, Türkiye

In the past few decades, the textile industry in Türkiye has been developing rapidly with raw materials, industrialization, and employment opportunities. The use of complex machine processes in mass production methods in the textile industry, creates working conditions with high noise levels are created. In this paper, indoor acoustic performance in the textile industry was discussed and the interpretation of the acoustic environment by the employees was analyzed. The textile industry facility in Malatya, Türkiye was examined as a case study. The employees' daily noise exposure levels (LEX,8h) and sound pressure levels were measured. Additionally, Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale (WNSS) and noise annoyance structured questionnaire were applied to the employees. The highest noise exposure level was 92,8 dB, and the lowest noise exposure level was 86,9 dB. In conclusion, the statistical relationship between noise sensitivity and noise annoyance of employees with the demographic properties was examined and the noise annoyances were analyzed in detail. It was found that there was a significant and positive relationship between the noise sensitivity and noise annoyance of the employees (r = 0,523, p = 0,000 < 0,05). Suggestions have been developed to improve indoor acoustic performance and reduce noise in the textile industry.

Pemahaman Desain Produk dengan Pendekatan Sejarah Desain dan Peran Desain

History says that design is actually rooted in artistic activities that have grown towards one sphere of culture in its essence to another: the means of everyday human life. When historical descriptions state that the primitive people make cangulals as a tool that is a transformation of the extension of the hand: often questions about design, art or technology. Design is challenged to have to engage in a variety of cultural weather. As with technology, design is required to immediately formulate the situation in line with the development of other cultural sectors. The construction of the Bauhus in Germany, with the prophecy of Walter Gropius, is considered a milestone in the development of modern design history. The basic philosophy of the Bauhaus departs from the idea that the methods of industrial production of the 19th century have led to the disregard of the relationship between the process of design and handicraft or the ability of the hand, the unity between the creator and the product is broken. In fact, the influence, the Bauhaus principles that later evolved into an International style, were not the product of experiments produced by the instructors (Meister) and his students, but the methodology of visual arts education and the design methodology that he taught. The fundamental role of a designer will never change, but what will change is his commercial situation. Technology, research, and manufacturing techniques of different products drive manufacturers to produce similar items. Keywords: History; Product Design; Design Role

Effect of the addition of acetic acid on spinning sol and mullite fibers properties

The preparation of mullite fibers by sol-gel method is the preferred method in industrial production, where the stability, rheological properties and microstructure of spinning sols are essential for the preparation of continuous, low-defect fibers. In this study, aluminum carboxylate solutions (ACs) were prepared using aluminum powder, formic acid and acetic acid as raw materials, silica sol was added, and spinnable sol was obtained by concentration and aging. After dry spinning and calcination at 1200 °C, continuous mullite fibers with mullite as the main crystal phases were obtained. The effect of acetic acid addition on the stability of Al-Si mixed sol was studied, and the polymerization process of spinning sol was studied on its rheological properties and microstructure. The cross-section of mullite fibers obtained after calcination at 1200 °C was “dumbbell” type, and the cause of this cross-section was discussed, which laid a foundation for subsequent optimization research.

Alcohol‐Treated Nickel‐Aluminium Catalyst for One‐Step Highly‐Selective Butane‐1,4‐Diol Synthesis from 2‐Butyne‐1,4‐Diol

AbstractThe development of low‐cost nickel‐based catalysts for direct and selective hydrogenation of 2‐butyne‐1,4‐diol (BYD) to butane‐1,4‐diol (BAD) under mild conditions is an important and attractive target both in fundamental research and industrialization but remains a formidable challenge. The primary industrial production method for BAD synthesis is a two‐step reaction route, which suffers from complicated catalysis conditions and high equipment costs. Herein, we develop a high‐performance catalyst via a facile alcohol‐treated strategy for highly selective BAD synthesis at moderate operation conditions. The as‐synthesized NA‐80E catalyst exhibits outstanding BAD selectivity of 98.82 % and BYD conversion of 100 % at 60 °C and 4 MPa, outperforming most reported results for BAD formation in a one‐step process and even being comparable to those obtained by the two‐step hydrogenation reaction route under much high temperatures and pressures. Crucially, we found that after facile alcohol (ethanol) treatment, an intriguing phenomenon of suppression of adjacent acid‐assisted hydrogenolysis via extra acidic Al species at the NiO‐Al2O3 interface is observed, contributing to the precise enhancement of BAD selectivity by inhibiting the production of butanol (BOL). This facile alcohol‐treated method along with the revealed mechanism of blocked hydrogenolysis opens vast possibilities for designing high‐performance and highly‐selective hydrogenation catalysts.

Rapid Room-Temperature Aerosol Dehydration Versus Spray Drying: A Novel Paradigm in Biopharmaceutical Drying Technologies

To ensure the high quality of biopharmaceutical products, it is imperative to implement specialized unit operations that effectively safeguard the structural integrity of large molecules. While lyophilization has long been a reliable process, spray drying has recently garnered attention for its particle engineering capabilities for the pulmonary route of administration. However, maintaining the integrity of biologics during spray drying remains a challenge. To address this issue, we explored a novel dehydration system based on aerosol-assisted room-temperature drying of biological formulations recently developed at Princeton University, called Rapid Room-Temperature Aerosol Dehydration. We compared the quality attributes of the bulk powder of biopharmaceutical products manufactured using this drying technology with that of traditional spray drying. For all the fragment antigen-binding formulations tested, in terms of protein degradation and aerosol performance, we were able to achieve a better product quality using this drying technology compared to the spray drying technique. We also highlight areas for improvement in future prototypes and prospective commercial versions of the system. Overall, the offered dehydration system holds potential for improving the quality and diversity of biopharmaceutical products and may pave the way for more efficient and effective production methods in the biopharma industry.

A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Development of Thermal Clay Modules

This study focuses on the idea that industrial production methods, combined with a craft-based approach, enable the production of distinctive expressive thermal functionalities. We developed extruded modules based on a hands-on explorative craft approach in parallel with virtual simulations to explore how heat and cold are transported dynamically through building modules. This paper discusses the developed method and process used in a multidisciplinary approach that combines the quality of craft-based practice with architecture, engineering and programming, focusing on how craft practitioners experiment with material, technique and aesthetics in such a multidisciplinary approach. In this study, immediate concrete design proposals demonstrated a helpful way of establishing common ground for multidisciplinary collaboration. Concrete design proposals are pivotal in addressing the suggested design’s advantages and disadvantages and clarifying the differences and potentials between the specialisations in question. Based on the initial design proposals, it was clear how the craftsperson’s previous experiences within crafts practice quickly led to the identification of realisable solutions based on experimental setups and aesthetic solutions and, at the same time, was able to foresee possible complications.

Scent and sustainability: investigating consumer evaluations of biocatalysis and naturalness in fragrances

With growing global environmental concerns, consumer acceptance of new technologies or innovation-derived products can be tied strongly with how natural the latter are perceived to be. A prior study found that fragrances were evaluated more positively if participants were informed that the fragrances were of natural origin. This led the authors to conclude that the perceived naturalness of a fragrance activates a positive effect, similar as for other consumer products. However, obtaining fragrant molecules from natural sources can pose a strain on the environment and biotechnology-based fragrances could potentially improve the sustainability of the perfumery industry. The primary goal of this study was to extent the findings of this initial study with a focus on biocatalysis-based fragrances. For this, a laboratory experiment was conducted with a 3x2x2 mixed design: participants smelled either three fragrances of natural origin or three biocatalysis-based fragrances and were either informed or not informed about the origin of the fragrances. In contrast to expectations, no consistent positive effect of natural origin or negative effect of biocatalysis-based origin of fragrances was found in our study. The results suggest that the participants were open to novel production methods in the fragrance industry. The discussion comprises a methodological comparison to the prior study, alternative explanations for these findings, and discusses insights for the fragrance industry and future research. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex factors that shape consumer behaviour in the fragrance industry.

Wafer-scale heteroepitaxy GaN film free of high-density dislocation region with hexagonal 3D serpentine mask

GaN-based III-Nitride compound semiconductors are fundamental materials for high-performance optoelectronic and electronic devices. Low-defect-density substrate has been a major bottleneck in achieving high internal quantum efficiency and high breakdown voltage in those devices. However, a large-scale and uniform low dislocation density GaN film is still hard to obtain on foreign substrates, which is the mainstream economical method in scientific research and industrial production. Here, we present a 3D serpentine mask method of growing high-quality GaN film on foreign substrates without high dislocation density (HDD) areas by designing both sectional and planar shapes of stacked masks. The serpentine channel in the cross-section mechanically blocks the extended dislocations and the hexagonal planar pattern reduces the dimension of coalescence geometry. A wafer-scale GaN epilayer, free of HDD zone, with the overall threading dislocation density of 1.7 × 107 cm−2 estimated by plan-view cathode luminescence, is achieved in the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition system. Then, an array of light-emitting diodes based on this substrate with low forward voltages and high light output powers are fabricated, which introduces a practical method to provide high-quality GaN films for high-performance optoelectronic devices.

Guanidinium tetraborate anhydrate and its solid-state reaction synthesis

Guanidinium tetraborate anhydrate is formed as a new phase of guanidinium borate by heating the precipitate from the mixed solution of guanidinium carbonate and boric acid at 115–250°C. The new anhydrate phase is also formed by solid-state reactions of the powder mixture of guanidinium carbonate and boric acid at 115°C, and this route is advantageous over the liquid-phase method for industrial production. The structural and thermal properties of the new anhydrate phase are investigated using XRD and DTA-TG in comparison with the reported phase of guanidinium tetraborate dihydrate, [C(NH2)3]2[B4O5(OH)4]･2H2O. The chemical formula of the new phase is estimated to be [C(NH2)3]2[B4O5(OH)4]. This new anhydrate phase belongs to the monoclinic system, and the lattice constants are estimated at a = 0.7262 (9), b = 0.7868 (14), c = 0.5101 (9) nm, β = 87.61 (13)°, V = 0.2912 nm3, Z = 1 for the liquid-phase product, and a = 0.7250 (11), b = 0.7906 (21), c = 0.5083 (11) nm, β = 87.62 (14)°, V = 0.2911 nm3, Z = 1 for the solid-state reaction product.

Bottom-up Synthesis of Nanosheets at Various Interfaces.

Nanostructured materials with high aspect ratios have been widely studied for their unique properties. In particular, nanosheets have safety, dispersibility, and nanosized effects, and nanosheets with exceptionally small thicknesses exhibit unique properties. For non-exfoliable materials, the bottom-up nanosheet growth using various interfaces as templates have been investigated. This review article presents the synthesis of nanosheets at the interfaces and layered structure; it explains the features of each interface type, its advantages, and its uniqueness. The interfaces work as templates for nanosheet synthesis. We can easily use the liquid-liquid and gas-liquid interfaces as the templates; however, the thickness of nanosheets usually becomes thick because it allows materials to grow in thickness. The solid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces can prevent nanosheets from growing in thickness. However, the removal of template solids is required after the synthesis. The layered structures of various materials provide two-dimensional reaction fields between the layers. These methods have high versatility, and the nanosheets synthesized by these methods are thin. Finally, this review examines the key challenges and opportunities associated with scalable nanosheet synthesis methods for industrial production.

Study on the Calculation of Hole/Pin Floating Deviation for “Two Pins on One Side”

“Two pins on one side” is a common clamping method in industrial production, but due to the presence of hole/pin clearance, mounting features on the part are often misaligned due to hole/pin float. To ensure the subsequent assembly of the part, the amount of deviation of the hole/pin float must be calculated to quantify the effective mounting space of the mounting feature. In this study, based on the hole/pin float model, the maximum deviations of 0.0368 mm, 0.0545 mm, 0.0520 mm, and 0.0786 mm were calculated for hole/pin float based on automotive sheet metal parts. The study of the amount of deviation of hole/pin floating is carried out to give a solution to the problem of fixture design in engineering practice.

Improved Flotation Separation of Scheelite from Calcite by Sulfomethylated Kraft Lignin.

Low-grade and high-reserve scheelite, which is associated with calcite, has similar surface properties that cause difficulty in separation. In this study, sulfomethylated kraft lignin (SMKL) was used as a novel eco-friendly inhibitor for the flotation separation of scheelite and calcite. The flotation test results showed that 60 mg/L SMKL had a significant influence on depressing calcite flotation, while it had a slight effect on scheelite flotation. Furthermore, it enhanced the WO3 grade of the concentrate in the artificial mixed ore to 62.02% with a recovery rate of 80.37%. The contact angle and zeta potential showed that SMKL could effectively decrease the surface floatability of calcite and caused the negative shift of minerals' surface potential. XPS and DFT calculations revealed that the sulfonic acid group of SMKL had an electron-donating ability and was easily adsorbed on the positively charged surface of calcite, which hindered the adsorption of sodium oleate on calcite. SMKL could separate calcium-bearing minerals with a high efficiency and selectivity, providing a new method for industrial production.

Metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for high-level production of scutellarin

Scutellarin drugs have been recognized as a key item in the national development of essential clinical emergency drugs for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; therefore, the market demand for scutellarin is growing rapidly. Microbial synthesis based on synthetic biology is a promising method for industrial production of scutellarin. In this study, the highest reported scutellarin titer in the shake flask of 703.01 ± 4.83 mg/L was achieved in Yarrowia lipolytica through the systematic metabolic engineering modifications, including screening for the optimal flavone-6-hydroxylase–cytochrome P450 reductase combination SbF6H–ATR2 to enhance P450 enzyme activity, increasing the copy numbers of rate-limiting enzyme genes, overexpressing ZWF1 and GND1 to increase NADPH supply, enhancing the supply of p-coumaric acid and uridine diphosphate glucose, and introducing the heterologous gene VHb to enhance oxygen supply. This study has significant implications for the industrial production of scutellarin and other valuable flavonoids in green economies.