Gasification Method Research Articles

RESEARCH OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGY USING GASIFICATION OF PREPARED BIOMASS

The rapid growth of the part of decentralized power generation, associated with the use of renewable energy sources for its production, is one of the main directions of the modern development of power generation systems. The article summarizes the state and direction of development of the world and Ukrainian energy industry. The development of electricity generating equipment based on gas generation is briefly described. The results of the study of electricity production technology using gasification of prepared biomass are given. The technological schemes for the preparation of generator gas as motor fuel and the requirements of manufacturers for the quality of gaseous fuel in the case of its use as motor fuel in modern engines are presented. Methods of determining the content of polluting components in gas, data on the composition of condensate taken from generator gas are given. The presented scheme of gas purification is intended for the use of solid residues of the gasification process for gas purification from finished biofuel. The results of the analysis of the sorption properties of coke-sol residue and the results of gas purification using it as a filter are given. The results of the operation of the complex for the production of electricity by the gasification method are given. It is shown that the environmental indicators of the installation in terms of CO and NOx emissions into the atmosphere meet Euro-5 requirements. Bibl. 20, Fig. 4, Tab. 4.

An Experimental Investigation of Clean Syngas Production from Waste Biomass by Gasification Method

An Experimental Investigation of Clean Syngas Production from Waste Biomass by Gasification Method

Theoretical study on coal gasification behavior in CO2 atmosphere driven by slag waste heat

Blast furnace slag, a main by-product of ironmaking process, contained high-quality sensible heat, accounting for almost 30 % of total energy consumption in iron and steel industry. This paper proposed CO2 coal gasification method aimed at recovering waste heat from blast furnace slag. Based on Gibbs free energy minimization, influence of temperature, CO2/C, pressure and steam were investigated. Under optimal operating conditions at 1023–1198 K, CO2/C of 1.5–2.0 and atmospheric pressure, total amount of syngas was 2.78 kmol, with 67.1 % CO and 8.79 % H2. Addition of steam could adjust compositions of syngas. H2/CO of syngas reached 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 when H2O(g)/CO2 were 1.45/0.55, 1.73/0.27 and 1.95/0.05, which could be used as organic raw materials for chemical industry. Meanwhile, energy and exergy efficiencies of coal gasification were found to be 63.84 % and 62.58 %, respectively, under optimal operating conditions. For different syngas products, when H2O(g)/CO2 was 1.95/0.05, exergy loss was the lowest, with internal and external exergy loss amounting to 31.80 % and 2.16 % respectively. These works provided theoretical guidance on use of the coal gasification reaction for recovering waste heat from blast furnace slag and contributed to the achievement of the strategic goal of CO2 energy saving and emission reduction.

State‐of‐the‐Art Review of Biomass Gasification: Raw to Energy Generation

AbstractDespite the increasing global need for sustainable energy, biomass gasification is becoming a highly promising method for transforming raw biomass into usable energy. The present review article analyzes the essential aspects of biomass‐based energy production, starting with an assessment of existing energy needs and the crucial contribution that biomass can make in fulfilling these demands. The research investigates recent advancements in several biomass gasification methods, explaining their mechanics and discussing the related difficulties. The research conducts a thorough evaluation of the efficiency, yield, and environmental consequences of biomass gasification, aiming to determine the feasibility of the technique. In addition, the study rigorously assesses the techno‐economic factors of energy generation from biomass, providing valuable information on the economic viability and scalability of various biomass gasification techniques. The present study is focused on providing a comprehensive understanding of biomass gasification by analyzing current improvements and conducting a techno‐economic comparison to make well‐informed decisions for a sustainable energy future.

Perspectives of using syngas in gas turbine plants

RELEVANCE. The insufficiently wide scope of gas turbine plants (GTP) is associated with the lack of widespread availability of gas pipelines supplying the main fuel – natural gas. Interest in alternative fuels and the search for the most suitable ones in order to switch from traditional energy sources has increased intensively over time. Currently, there are methods of gasification of solid fuels that expand not only the possibilities of using the fuel itself, but also pushing the boundaries of the applicability of GTP both in terms of production specialization and geographical location. Coal is the most affordable energy resource in the world, due to its prevalence, but its limited use in modern energy facilities is due to the worldwide policy of decarbonization of energy. Coal gasification makes it possible to increase energy characteristics and reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere when using coal. PURPOSE. Determination of the efficiency and expediency of using generator gas obtained from coal in gas turbine plant, as well as consideration of the possibility of its modernization. METHODS. To achieve set goal, an automated system of gas dynamic calculations of energy turbomachines (AS GDCET) will be used, which will calculate a mathematical model of a gas turbine installation and conduct numerical studies when characteristics change, as well as using a module for approximating the component composition of fuel. The research is carried out when the electric load of a gas turbine plant of the NK-16-18 ST type changes in the range from 15 to 18 MW. RESULTS. According to the results of the study, the dependences of the total hourly and specific fuel consumption, effective efficiency, temperature in the combustion chamber and at the outlet of the power turbine on changes in the electric load of the gas turbine installation were obtained. Having a lower calorific value, the expected synthesis gas reduces the electricalefficiency of the gas turbine engine, which is expressed in a decrease in efficiency by 3-4.5 %. At the same time, fuel consumption increases by about 4-5 times, which depends on the component composition of the fuel. At the same time, the temperature values at the exhaust of the gas turbine change by 26-37 °C. CONCLUSION. The use of synthesis gas as fuel for a gas turbine plant can provide sufficient efficiency in generating electric energy, but its use is rational only in situations of absence or unavailability of traditional gaseous fuels. The development of gasification technologies will increase the efficiency of use and reduce the cost of synthesis gas production. This will allow the introduction of gasification technologies at existing facilities and expand the scope of synthesis gas applications, which will ensure increased interest in this area among potential investors.

Bio-Polyethylene and Polyethylene Biocomposites: An Alternative toward a Sustainable Future.

Polyethylene (PE), a highly prevalent non-biodegradable polymer in the field of plastics, presents a waste management issue. To alleviate this issue, bio-based PE (bio-PE), derived from renewable resources like corn and sugarcane, offers an environmentally friendly alternative. This review discusses various production methods of bio-PE, including fermentation, gasification, and catalytic conversion of biomass. Interestingly, the bio-PE production volumes and market are expanding due to the growing environmental concerns and regulatory pressures. Additionally, the production of PE and bio-PE biocomposites using agricultural waste as filler materials, highlights the growing demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics. According to previous studies, addition of ≈50% defibrillated corn and abaca fibers into bio-PE matrix and a compatibilizer, results in the highest Young's modulus of 4.61 and 5.81GPa, respectively. These biocomposites have potential applications in automotive, building construction, and furniture industries. Moreover, the advancement made in abiotic and biotic degradation of PE and PE biocomposites is elucidated to address their environmental impacts. Finally, the paper concludes with insights into the opportunities, challenges, and future perspectives in the sustainable production and utilization of PE and bio-PE biocomposites. In summary, production of PE and bio-PE biocomposites can contribute to a cleaner and sustainable future.

Induced oxidation effects on physical and mechanical properties of lignite from Tempoku, Hokkaido, Japan for sustainable mining via subsurface cultivation and gasification method

Induced oxidation effects on physical and mechanical properties of lignite from Tempoku, Hokkaido, Japan for sustainable mining via subsurface cultivation and gasification method

Hydrogen Production from Rice Husk: Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Analysis

The abundance of rice husk in some regions of Southeast Asia makes it a potential feedstock for hydrogen synthesis. However, the information on economic and environmental feasibility of its conversion to hydrogen is lacking. This study aims to assess the techno-economic and life cycle sustainability of hydrogen production from rice husk via the thermochemical gasification method. The techno-economic analyses reveal that rice husk-based hydrogen conversion is more financially attractive than conventional hydrogen production technology. The results of the life cycle assessment are also promising, especially with the global warming potential of the rice husk-based hydrogen production being 99.7 % lower than that of natural gas steam reforming. Waste valorization of rice husk into hydrogen is therefore economically and environmentally viable.

Prediction of syngas yield from biomass by gasification and related application

This research focuses on the prediction of synthesis gas generation from biomass through gasification and specifically estimates the syngas yield from rice straw from 2018 to 2020. The data of 2020 is visualized in the form of a colored world map A comprehensive literature review is conducted to explore previous studies on syngas yield models and gasification methods and the utilization of machine learning models. A machine learning model is built to calculate the prediction of the syngas total yield generated from biomass gasification. The inputs of the model include temperature, carbon content, hydrogen content, and oxygen content, with the latter three representing different types of biomasses. The output of the model is the total synthesis gas yield per kilogram of biomass. Subsequently, this model is utilized to predict the amount of syngas obtained from rice straw, which has a carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen content of 43.9%, 5.6%, and 32.1% respectively. From the model, an optimal gasification temperature of 667 degrees Celsius and a maximum syngas yield of 4.71 Nm3/kg for rice straw is obtained. Based on available data on rice straw production worldwide from 2018 to 2020, the amount of rice straw utilized for biomass gasification is estimated. The syngas yield in different regions of the world is calculated based on the maximum syngas yield and the mass of available rice straw. Outcomes of the calculation are visualized into a global map displaying the distribution of syngas yields which provides valuable insights into the potential for syngas production from rice straw in different regions.

Artificial intelligence methods for modeling gasification of waste biomass: a review.

Gasification is a highly promising thermochemical process that shows considerable potential for the efficient conversion of waste biomass into syngas. The assessment of the feasibility and comparative advantages of different biomass and waste gasification schemes is contingent upon a multifaceted combination of interrelated criteria. Conventional analytical approaches employed to facilitate decision-making rely on a multitude of inadequately defined parameters. Consequently, substantial efforts have been directed toward enhancing the efficiency and productivity of thermochemical conversion processes. In recent times, artificial intelligence (AI)-based models and algorithms have gained prominence, serving as indispensable tools for expediting these processes and formulating strategies to address the growing demand for energy. Notably, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have emerged as cutting-edge AI models, demonstrating exceptional effectiveness and profound relevance in the realm of thermochemical conversion systems. This study provides an overview of the machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches utilized during gasification and evaluates their benefits and drawbacks. Many industries and applications related to energy conversion systems use AI algorithms. Predicting the output of conversion systems and subjects linked to optimization are two of this science's critical applications. This review sheds light on the burgeoning utility of AI, particularly ML and DL, which have garnered significant attention due to their applications in productivity prediction, process optimization, real-time process monitoring, and control. Furthermore, the integration of hybrid models has become commonplace, primarily owing to their demonstrated success in modeling and optimization tasks. Importantly, the adoption of these algorithms significantly enhances the model's capability to tackle intricate challenges, as DL methodologies have evolved to offer heightened accuracy and reduced susceptibility to errors. Within the scope of this study, an exhaustive exploration of ML and DL techniques and their applications has been conducted, uncovering existing research knowledge gaps. Based on a comprehensive critical analysis, this review offers recommendations for future research directions, accentuating the pivotal findings and conclusions derived from the study.

Development of a laboratory unit and a solid fuel gasification reactor

The paper investigates the process of gasification of pyrolysis coal and other coal-containing materials A schematic diagram of the installation of the gasification process of pyrolysis coal and other coal-containing materials was developed, the design of the reactor for coal gasification and the methodology for conducting experiments and analysing the gasification process of pyrolysis coal and other coal-containing materials were developed. Research methods - modelling of the coal gasification process using the results of theoretical studies. A detailed analysis of the experimental and theoretical data concerning the feasibility of the pyrolysis coal gasification process was carried out, a schematic diagram of the laboratory installation and the design of the gasification reactor were developed. The main goal is to develop a method of gasification of solid pulverised fuel that will simplify the process control and ensure its stability due to the unity of the drying and gasification processes of pyrolysis coal, which are linked by means of a gasification reactor. Additionally, this method provides for the neutralisation of harmful impurities generated during the coal gasification process. As a result of theoretical studies of the solid fuel gasification process, a design of a coal gasification reactor was proposed, which is an ideal displacement reactor. The length-diameter ratio for the working part of the reactor should be at least 10:1. It is proposed to use a heat-resistant molybdenum steel tube (operating temperature up to 1600 0C) with a diameter of two inches to manufacture the reactor. Also, to study the gasification process of pyrolysis coal and other coal-containing materials, a laboratory installation for gasification of solid crushed fuel is proposed, in which a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is fed into the reactor and serves as an activator of the gasification process. The prospects of coal processing by gasification to produce a mixture of combustible gases (H2, CO, CH4) are investigated. It is analysed that coal gasification allows obtaining valuable gas that can be used not only as an energy fuel, but also as a technological raw material for the production of methanol, dimethyl ether, hydrogen production, and use as a reducing agent in metallurgical processes.

Методичний підхід до обґрунтування способу газифікації кам’яного вугілля для виробництва синтетичних моторних палив

The aim of the article is to substantiate the most suitable method of gasification of Ukrainian hard coal for further production of synthetic motor fuel. For this substantiation, a methodical approach has been developed, the use of which has allowed to obtain the following results. As a raw material base, the article recommends long-flame coal of the Western Donbass, located on the territory of the Dnepropetrovsk region, where powerful enterprises for the extraction and enrichment of coal operate. The most common methods of coal gasification in the world are analyzed: Lurgi (counter-current steam-oxygen gasification of large-lump coal (or briquettes) in a stationary bed), Siemens (direct-flow steam-oxygen gasification in the pulverized coal stream), Texaco (direct-flow oxygen gasification in the flow of coal-water pulp). For each of these methods, material balances have been developed; the composition and quality of the generated gas, the possibilities of organizing the production of the necessary energy resources, the level of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and wastewater discharge have been evaluated. A methodology for calculating the composition of generator gas is proposed, which takes into account the composition of the blast (content of oxygen, water vapor or water). All calculations were performed for an enterprise with a coal capacity of 550 thousand tons of working weight per year. Based on the calculations and comparison of their results, the Texaco method is recommended for industrial implementation. The advantages of this method are as follows: the absence of a stage of steam production for gasification, the scarcity of the water cycle, which practically excludes the formation of wastewater, and the possibility of using contaminated water from other sources for gasification; the highest total content of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the resulting synthesis gas; the maximum assimilated capacity of production reactors and the largest number of capacities created in the world using this technology; utilization of the heat of the resulting gas to obtain a large amount of electric and thermal energy.

Zero/negative carbon emission coal and biomass staged co-gasification power generation system via biomass heating

Currently, most coal utilization technologies cannot completely remove CO2, which hinders coal utilization in the context of carbon neutrality. Staged coal-steam gasification has proven to be a potential clean coal utilization method suitable for power generation. However, it cannot achieve zero or negative carbon emissions, and there is the potential to improve energy efficiency further. This study introduces biomass into staged coal gasification and proposes a novel power generation system based on coal- and biomass-staged co-gasification via biomass external combustion heating. Biomass with a lower energy level was combusted to provide heat for gasification, thus improving the energy level matching between the gasification and biomass combustion reactions. The synergistic effect of coal and biomass reduces the tar yield and improves the gasification efficiency. Furthermore, as a carbon-neutral fuel, the introduction of biomass in the staged coal-gasification process can achieve zero or negative carbon utilization of coal. The entire system was simulated using the ASPEN PLUS software, key processes were experimentally validated, and the energy efficiency and carbon emission performance were systematically studied. The results indicated that the improved gasification methods and the synergistic effect between coal and biomass significantly improved the energy performance and emission reduction characteristics. The power efficiency of the novel system was the highest at 40.03% when the biomass blending ratio of the co-gasification sub-process was 0.8, which was 5.27% and 10.46% higher than conventional integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) system and biomass direct-fired power plant. The carbon-specific emissions of the novel system could be reduced to −308.1 kgCO2/MWh, achieving negative carbon utilization of fossil fuels. This novel staged coal and biomass co-gasification method heating by biomass can achieve efficient and negative carbon utilization of fossil fuels.

Enhancing co-gasification gas yield prediction in downdraft gasifiers through statistical correction strategy

Compared to typical gasification methods, the co-gasification method can change syngas composition by adjusting feedstocks and mixing ratio, but predicting gas yield in co-gasification is often more difficult. As a typical gasification equipment, the downdraft gasifier is commonly used to conduct experimental studies on co-gasification. For this reason, a novel co-gasification gas yield prediction method combined with the statistical correction strategy is proposed utilizing a downdraft gasifier as the gasification equipment. The statistical correction strategy is implemented by the statistically based error correction method and uncertainty classification of gasification conditions. The co-gasification dataset of the downdraft gasifier was built to test the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the statistical correction strategy is effective, and the proposed method can forecast co-gasification gas yields accurately, with prediction models achieving R2 of 0.9418, 0.9842, 0.8952, and 0.9822 for H2, CH4, CO, and CO2 yields, respectively.

Assessment of Co-Gasification Methods for Hydrogen Production from Biomass and Plastic Wastes

In recent decades, economic development and population growth has been accompanied by the generation of billions of tonnes of solid residues or municipal “wastes”, a substantial portion of which is composed of plastics and biomass materials. Combustion-based waste-to-energy is a viable and mature method of extracting calorific value from these end-of-life post-recyclable materials that are otherwise landfilled. However, alternative thermochemical methods, such as gasification, are becoming attractive due to the ability to synthesize chemical precursors for supply chain recirculation. Due to the infancy of gasification technology deployment, especially in the context of anthropogenic CO2 emission reduction, additional systems engineering studies are necessary. Herein, we conduct an attributional life cycle analysis to elucidate the syngas production and environmental impacts of advanced thermochemical gasification methods for the treatment of biomass and plastic wastes obtained from municipal solid wastes, using a comprehensive thermodynamic process model constructed in AspenTech. Feedstock composition, process parameters, and gasification methods are varied to study the effects on syngas quality, yield, power generation potential, and overall greenhouse gas emissions. Steam-based gasification presents up to 38% reductions in CO2 emissions when compared to conventional thermochemical methods. Using gasifier-active materials, such as metal hydroxides, can also further reduce CO2 emissions, and realizes a capture load of 1.75 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of plastic/stover feedstock. This design alteration has implications for reductions in CAPEX due to the mode of CO2 capture utilized (e.g., solid sorbent vs. liquid SELEXOL). The use of renewable energy to provide a method to generate steam for this process could make the environmental impact of such MSW gasification processes lower by between 60–75% tonnes of CO2 per tonne of H2. Overall, these results can be used to inform the guidance of advanced waste gasification methods as a low-carbon transition towards a circular economy.

Numerical investigation of different biomass feedstock on syngas production using steam gasification and thermodynamic analysis

Abstract Extensive research has been done to provide energy from renewable sources due to climate change, global warming and limited fossil resources. Due to its low energy density, biomass is one of the renewable energy sources that is not used directly. Biomass is a clean, renewable energy source with a zero carbon dioxide release rate. Gasification is a chemical process that converts carbonaceous materials like biomass into gaseous fuels or useful chemical raw materials for gasification to occur in an oxygen-deficient environment with a requirement for heat which needs mediators for the reaction, like air, oxygen, superheated steam, or a combination of these. This study has been conducted to investigate the impact of the type of biomass feed on the production of syngas using the steam gasification method. Therefore, rice husk, wood chip, wood residue, coffee bean and green waste are considered, and the impact of gasification temperature and steam to biomass ratio (S/B) is investigated. According to the results, wood residue produces the most hydrogen compared to other feeds. With the increase of gasification temperature, an increase-decrease trend in the mass flow rate of hydrogen and an increase trend in the mass flow rate of carbon monoxide can be seen. The hydrogen produced in wood residue is 855 kg/h at S/B of 0.2 as well as a gasification temperature of 1200 °C. The lowest mass flow rate of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is related to green waste feed.

FLUID DYNAMIC SIMULATION ON THE FLARE OF COMBUSTION OF GAS FROM BIOMASS GASIFICATION

The use of energy which always comes from fossil fuels will eventually run out, so the development of renewable energy or alternative energy is very important to maintain petroleum reserves and as a substitute for fossil fuels which are the main energy source. One alternative energy is biomass which has not been widely used by the gasification method. The gas produced by the gasification process is utilized by burning it in a flare to get a flame. In this study, the 3D simulation method with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to determine the temperature distribution on the flare walls using CFD simulations and to compare the temperature of the flare walls from the CFD simulation results with the test results. The results of this study, the distribution of combustion occurs in the flare with a temperature of 1106°C in the upper area close to the outlet boundary. The wall temperature comparison shows that the CFD simulation tends to be similar to the test results. This shows that computational fluid dynamic simulations can be used to predict fluid flow rates and combustion reactions.

Novel valence regulation-vacuum gasification method for separation of selenium and tellurium

It is a general challenge to separate similar elements in material and non-ferrous metallurgical industries. Due to their unique semiconductor properties, selenium and tellurium as well as their separation have been increasingly drawing the attention of worldwide research. Currently, they are mainly extracted and recycled from copper anode slime. The conventional methods used for separating selenium and tellurium have several drawbacks, including low separation efficiency, lengthy processes, and significant environmental pollution. To address these issues, in this paper, the gas-liquid equilibrium (VLE) phase diagram of selenium-base binary alloy at full concentration was drawn according to the theory of gas-liquid equilibrium, the limitation of single vacuum distillation separation technique is theoretically interpreted, and a novel valence regulation-vacuum gasification method is proposed, which shows a superior selenium/tellurium separation rate of 99.98 % and a high material volatilization rate around 90 % achieved with hydrogen peroxide addition. The optimal amount of hydrogen peroxide for the separation process is determined as 1.1 L/kg. The promising results suggest potential of the new method for effectively separating other similar elements.

Experimental Study on Properties of Syngas, Tar, and Biochar Derived from Different Gasification Methods

Biomass gasification technology is a clean and renewable energy utilization approach. Understanding the evolution of gasification product properties is crucial to achieving carbon neutrality goals. A fixed-bed reactor is employed for the biomass gasification with CO2 in this study. Various methodologies have been conducted to characterize the syngas, tar, and biochar produced from the electric gasification (EG) and microwave gasification (MG) of oak and corn stalk samples at different temperatures. When gasifying the same biomass at the same temperature, the syngas yield of MG is generally 3–7% higher than that of EG, and the difference increases with decreasing temperature. The biochar yield of MG is 3–6% higher than that of EG. EG produces more tar at 600–800 °C. The yield of syngas increases as the gasification temperature rises from 600 to 1000 °C, but that of tar and biochar falls. The syngas mainly comprises H2, CH4, CO, and CO2. MG produces 8–15% higher CO content and 2.5–3.5% higher H2 content than EG. This is due to different heating mechanisms. The net calorific value of syngas increases with temperature, reaching a maximum of 11.61 MJ m−3 at 1000 °C for syngas from corn stalk MG. When the temperature rises from 600 to 1000 °C, more primary tars are converted into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). At 900 °C, corn stalk biochar from MG has a maximum specific total pore volume (0.62 cm3 g−1), surface area (525.87 m2 g−1), and average pore diameter (4.18 nm). The intensities of the characteristic peaks of biochar functional groups decrease gradually. The heating method has little effect on the types of functional groups.

An analysis of waste/biomass gasification producing hydrogen-rich syngas: A review

In the last few decades, the population growth level has increased exponentially so the waste disposal level has increased gradually. Wastes like biodegradable wastes, kitchen wastes, hotel wastes, and other agro wastes can be processed through bio methanation and composting technology but non-biodegradable materials like plastics, rubber, industrial sludge, and other wastes cannot be processed in simple ways or technologies. These wastes are critical to handle and need robust technology. Gasification and incinerators are a technology to utilize these waste materials and convert them into useful energy. However, the incinerator has a drawback of control over emissions generated by waste material combustion. Gasification is the best-suited technology which can convert the waste material into gaseous form and this gas provides heat to the prime movers to generate energy/power. Carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen are the main components of synthetic gas (syngas), which has a low calorific value. Increased hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentrations improve this gas's calorific value. Different gasification methods like gasification using agent as steam, catalytic gasification, and gasification using different combination of fuels (waste-coal/biomass) are used to enrich the hydrogen content of the syngas. This paper reviewed the theory of waste-to-energy technologies, incineration technology, gasification technology, methods for increasing hydrogen in syngas, also different methods. This review discusses waste gasification disposal methods and hydrogen enrichment.