Method For Determination Of Metronidazole Research Articles

Sensitive and Cost-Effective TLC-Densitometric Method for Determination of Metronidazole and Tinidazole in Tablets

A sensitive, easy-to-use, fast, and cost-effective TLC-densitometric method was developed for the separation of metronidazole, secnidazole, ornidazole, tinidazole, and 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole and for the determination of metronidazole and tinidazole in Metronidazole Polpharma and Tinidazolum Polpharma tablets. Analyses were performed on chromatographic plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 using chloroform + methanol + diethylamine in a volume ratio of 9:1:1 as the optimal mobile phase. The method has been validated. The intraday and interday precision values for the three different concentrations ranged from 0.99% to 1.48% and 0.89% to 1.76%, and the precision values ranged from 1.13% to 2.48% and 0.95% to 2.49% for metronidazole and tinidazole, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.036 and 0.066 µg/spot for metronidazole and tinidazole, respectively. The mean recovery was 103.1% and 100.6% for metronidazole and tinidazole, respectively. The content of metronidazole and tinidazole in tablets in relation to the content declared by the manufacturer was 101.3% and 99.8%, respectively. The obtained results were verified using the pharmacopeial method. The presented method is fast, sensitive, precise, selective, accurate, and robust. It allows for the analysis of several samples on one chromatography plate at the same time.

Investigation of five metal–organic frameworks as sorbents in the syringe filter-SPE method for determination of metronidazole and cephalexin in water samples

In this study, we evaluated the preparation and utilization of NH2-MIL-101(Al) and NH2-MIL-101(Cr) as two efficient adsorbents for the extraction of metronidazole and cephalexin in water samples using the syringe filter-SPE method.

Poly(alizarin red S) modified glassy carbon electrode for square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of metronidazole in tablet formulation.

Potentiodynamically fabricated poly(alizarin red s) modified GCE was characterized using CV and EIS techniques. In contrast to the cyclic voltammetric response of the unmodified GCE for metronidazole, an irreversible reduction peak with three-folds of current enhancement and reduced overpotential at the poly(alizarin red s) modified GCE showed the catalytic effect of the modifier towards reduction of metronidazole. While observed peak potential shift with increasing pH (4.0-10.0) indicated the involvement of protons during the reduction of metronidazole, peak potential shift with scan rate (20-300 mV s-1) confirmed the irreversibility of the reduction reaction of metronidazole at the modified GCE. A better correlation for the dependence of peak current on scan rate (r2 = 0.9883) than on square root of scan rate (r2 = 0.9740) supplemented by slope value of 0.38 for plot of log(current) versus log(scan rate) indicated the reduction reaction of metronidazole at the surface of the modified electrode was predominantly adsorption controlled. Under the optimized method and solution parameters, reductive current response of tablet sample showed linear dependence on spiked standard concentration in a wide range (0-125 μM) with excellent determination coefficient r2, LoD and LoQ of 0.9991, 0.38, and 1.25 μM, respectively. Spike recovery of 97.9% and interference recovery of 96.2-97.5% in the presence of 21.28 and 31.92 μM of uric acid and ascorbic acid validated the applicability of the present method for determination of metronidazole in tablet formulation. The metronidazole content of the tested tablet formulation using standard addition method was found to be 97.6% of what is claimed by the tablet manufacturer making the developed method an excellent potential candidate for its applicability to determine metronidazole in real samples with complex matrix.

Development of the spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of metronidazole in capsules

Development of the spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of metronidazole in capsules

Degradation Study of Metronidazole in Active and Different Formulation by UV Spectroscopy

Metronidazole (MTZ) is a 5-nitroimidazole semi-synthetic compound. MTZ is antiamoebic, anti protozoal and antibacterial, anti parasitic and anti trichomonal agents. It has wide range of activity against anaerobic bacteria as gram negative, gram positive bacilli and cocci, certain capnophilic organisms, protozoa and parasites. It is indicated in infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, acne rosacea, anaerobic infections, parasitic infections, pseudomembranous colitis and Crohn’s disease. ICH guidelines states the parameters which causes forced degradation of a drug product includes Time, Temperature and/ or with humidity, Acid/base Stress testing, photo degradation and pH variation (high and low). Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic process was developed to analyze and calculate the amount of drug in the presence of degradation products. According to the USP, the official assay limit of the content should NLT 90% and NMT 110% of labeled amount of metronidazole. When active of metronidazole and different brands (FGL, MNE, KNT) exposed to acidic medium of 1N HCl FGL, MNE and KNT show heavy degradation whereas as active MTZb didn’t show any degradation. When active of metronidazole and FGL, MNE, KNT exposed to basic medium i.e. 1N NaOH, FGL show moderate degradation, MNE and KNT shows slight degradation whereas as active didn’t show any degradation. FGL, MNE, KNT and ND MTZb when subjected to heat none of them show degradation. When MTZb, FGL, MNE and KNT subjected to UV light, MTZb exhibit heavy degradation whereas FGL, MNE and KNT exhibit no degradation. UV-Vis spectroscopy is a simple, rapid, cost effective, useful and fruitful method for determination of MTZ in their active and pharmaceutical dosage form (tablets) of different brands.

Determination of nitroimidazoles in oral hygiene by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A method for the simultaneous determination of metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, ronidazole and dimetridazole in oral hygiene by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) has been developed. The sample was diluted with 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile (95:5, v/v), then centrifuged and filtered with a membrane. The separation was carried out on a Cloversil C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 3.5 microm) with the gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. The analytes were determined by UPLC-MS/MS and quantified by external standard method. The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 1.0-60.0 microg/L with r > or = 0.9992. The recoveries were 91.5%-108% at the three spiked levels of 10.0, 20.0 and 100 mg/kg, and the relative standard deviations were 1.14%-5.22%. This method is easy, sensitive and suitable for the determination of nitroimidazoles in oral hygiene.

Validation of a Simple and Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of Metronidazole in Dermatological Formulations

A rapid and simple method using an isocratic high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV detection for the determination of metronidazole in dermatological formulations is presented. Metronidazole samples were extracted with a solution composed of 60% methanol and 40% mobile phase by a procedure that can be completed in less than 10 min. Subsequent separation and quantification was accomplished in less than 20 min using reversed-phase HPLC with isocratic elution with 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile (85:15%, vol/vol). Validation experiments confirmed the precision and accuracy of the method. When applied to a commercial metronidazole cream and gel formulation, recoveries of 100.4% for cream formulations and 102.3% for gel formulations were obtained. The method should facilitate studies of the formulation compatibility of metronidazole topical formulations with agents that may improve its clinical tolerability for treatment of rosacea.

Development of thermogravimetric method for quantitative determination of metronidazole

Abstract The objective of this work was to develop and validate a fast and reproducible method to determine the concentration of metronidazole in drug substance and tablets. The samples were analyzed by dynamic thermogravimetry, using 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80C min–1 heating rates in nitrogen and in nitrogen with synthetic air. Obtained data were used in the Antoine and Langmuir equations in order to have the pressure curves. Vapor pressure curves of drug and tablet of metronidazole were evaluated using the mathematical indexes of difference factor, f 1, and similarity factor, f 2, to compare their profiles. The data showed that there is no significant difference between the vapor pressure profiles of drug and tablet of metronidazole in both environmental conditions, which confirms that the process is really vaporization. The concentration of metronidazole was determined in the raw material and tablets of the drug.

Simple and sensitive method for determination of metronidazole in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography

A simple and sensitive HPLC method for determination of metronidazole in human plasma has been developed. A step of freezing the protein precipitate allowed an efficient separation of aqueous and organic phases minimizing the noise level and improved therefore the limit of quantitation (10 ng ml −1 using 1 ml of plasma sample). The separation of compounds was performed on a RP 18 column with acetonitrile–aqueous 0.01 M phosphate solution (15:85, v/v) as mobile phase. Detection was performed by UV absorbance at 318 nm. Metronidazole was well resolved from the plasma constituents and internal standard. An excellent linearity was observed between peak-height ratios plasma concentrations over a concentration range of 0.01 to 10 μg ml −1. Within-day and between-day precision (expressed by relative standard deviation) and accuracy (mean error in per cent) did not exceed 4% between 1 and 10 μg ml −1 and 8.3 and 7.2% respectively for the limit of quantitation. The method is suitable for bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies in humans.